China released progress reports in the field of nuclear safety nuclear safety | | progress report _ news
Xinhua News Agency, Washington D.C., March 31-report on China′s progress in the field of nuclear safety
Since March 2014 held third session nuclear security summit yilai, China to XI President proposed of rational, and coordination, and go hand in hand of nuclear security views for guide, full advance nuclear security work, effective implementation Summit results, constantly perfect national nuclear security system, is committed to strengthening international nuclear security system, and in national nuclear security model Center construction and operation, and strengthened nuclear material and the radioactive material management, and combat nuclear material illegal trafficking, and upgrade nuclear emergency level, and strengthening involved nuclear network security, and Establishment of radiological environmental monitoring system and achieved important progress.
And improve national nuclear security system
States primary responsibility for national security of nuclear material and nuclear facilities. China is committed to improving the State of nuclear security system and improve nuclear security capacity, fostering nuclear security culture.
(A) strengthen top-level design of nuclear safety. April 2014, China′s nuclear security into overall national security system, defined the strategic positioning of nuclear security. The national people′s Congress in July 2015, and December 2015, through the National Security Act and the anti terrorism Act, clear from a legal perspective the nuclear safety as safeguarding national security, important aspects of terrorism and sets out concrete tasks and measures for nuclear safety. The Atomic Energy Act, the Act on nuclear safety legislation has advanced steadily, now included in the national people′s Congress, the legislative scheme.
(B) improving nuclear safety and regulatory standards. Study on the preparation of the nuclear security regulations, has been submitted to the State Council; enacted to implement administrative measures on the control of nuclear material inspection and the administrative rules for the reporting of nuclear material control, the regulation on registration of nuclear material and other normative documents amending the nuclear power plant Emergency Management Ordinance.
(C) capacity-building for strengthening nuclear safety. Focused on nuclear facilities, nuclear materials, radioactive sources security and export control, combating illicit trafficking in nuclear materials and other fields, strengthen the construction of infrastructure and hardware equipment, raise the level of law enforcement officers, raise employees awareness of nuclear safety, to promote the nuclear industry adoption of relevant International Atomic Energy Agency guidelines and norms. Construction supervision of nuclear safety technology research and development base, strengthening the technical capacity of nuclear safety supervision.
(D) fostering nuclear security culture. September 2014, China′s Ministry of environmental protection, the National Energy Board, the National Atomic Energy Agency jointly issued a policy statement on the nuclear safety culture, the whole industry, the society advocated the strengthening of nuclear security culture. Special promotional activities for actively developing nuclear safety culture, and gradually establish a long-term mechanism.
Second, the strengthening of the international nuclear security system
China is committed to building a fair system of international nuclear safety, cooperation, win-win, for nuclear safety to the benefit of mankind and provide a strong and sustainable system of protection.
(A) strengthen the nuclear security of the international legal instruments
China has ratified the Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material and its revisions, and ratification of the International Convention for the Suppression of acts of nuclear terrorism, always faithfully to perform the international legal obligation, actively promoted strengthening the universality and effectiveness of the Convention. China′s strict implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1373th and 1540th, 1887th counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, such as resolutions, continue to support nuclear safety-related resolutions adopted by the General Assembly.
(B) support the work of the International Atomic Energy Agency
China supports the International Atomic Energy Agency in the international nuclear security cooperation play a central role, and from the political, technical and financial aspects, and provide all-round support for the International Atomic Energy Agency.
China and the International Atomic Energy Agency on the security of nuclear material, radioactive sources, supervision, actively carry out cooperation in such areas of nuclear and radiological emergency response, featured experts in the International Atomic Energy Agency documents on nuclear safety, held in China with the International Atomic Energy Agency′s nuclear security training courses, from 2014 to 2015 the cumulative training practitioners more than more than 400 people at home and abroad. China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency and nuclear emergency response and rescue international network.
China supported the IAEA international physical protection advisory service for nuclear security. September 2015, China formally invited the International Atomic Energy Agency on China at the national level and facility level to conduct international physical protection advisory service, in 2016 officially entered the implementation phase of the project. China and had invited the International Atomic Energy Agency in 2016, China carried out nuclear and radiation safety regulatory follow-up to the comprehensive assessment.
China′s continued contributions to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund, to support nuclear safety in China and other countries in the Asian region in capacity-building. By the end of 2015, China has donated $ 1.15 million to the Fund. China will actively consider increasing their annual contributions, and continues to research and development of Chinese nuclear safety equipment.
(C) actively participated in international exchange and cooperation
Apart from the International Atomic Energy Agency, that China welcomes other relevant organizations and mechanisms in accordance with their respective mandates, play an important role in the field of nuclear safety, and enhancing coordination and complementarity with each other. China is deeply involved in the United Nations Security Council 1540 Committee, in October 2014, the reception of the delegation to the Committee′s first State visit in September 2015 and organized training course on implementation of Security Council resolution 1540th focal points in Asia Pacific. China is also actively involved in the "global initiative to combat nuclear terrorism", International Criminal Police Organization, the ASEAN Regional Forum, Asia-Europe meeting on nuclear safety in the framework of meetings and exercises.
China attached great importance to nuclear safety policy exchanges and practical cooperation between countries. In September 2015, President and United States President Barack Obama agreed to set up a nuclear security dialogue mechanism. February 20, 2016 in Sweden Stockholm held the first dialogue, further deepened the in international coordination and cooperation in nuclear safety matters. China and Russia, and France and the United Kingdom, and India, and Korea, Pakistan and other countries, consultations and exchanges on nuclear safety issues.
China welcomes nuclear safety nuclear safety Summit Member States voluntary initiatives, officially joined the "strengthening nuclear safety initiatives implemented", "sustained action to enhance global nuclear security" and other initiatives.
Three, the construction and operation of nuclear safety Centre
China and United States cooperation in the building of China National nuclear safety centre of excellence completed in December 2015, ahead of construction, and was formally put into operation in March 2016. Model Center integrated both at home and abroad mature advanced of technology and instrument equipment, including show training floor, and analysis experiment floor, and environment experiment floor, and simulation nuclear material library, and nuclear material scale is simulation facilities, and response power training and walkthrough facilities, and outdoor real protection test field and both at home and abroad first-class of training teaching facilities and the international exchange supporting facilities, covers nuclear security, and nuclear guarantees supervision, and nuclear material control, and real protection, multiple field, has personnel training, and technology development, and international exchange, and test and certification, function. The demonstration Center is the Asia-Pacific region and even the world′s largest, most complete and most advanced equipment Exchange and training center for nuclear safety.
XI Jinping, China will actively implement the commitments of the Chairman at the third session of the nuclear security Summit, with the Center as the platform, with other countries and international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency to carry out exchanges and cooperation for China and the Asia-Pacific, global nuclear security to contribute.
Four, strengthen safety of highly enriched uranium
China attaches great importance to safety of highly enriched uranium, supported under technically and economically feasible, minimize the use of highly enriched uranium. September 2015, China Institute of Atomic Energy removed highly enriched uranium high enriched uranium research reactor core in March 2016, China Institute of atomic energy to complete the highly enriched uranium low enriched reconstruction of research reactors. Ghana HEU research reactor project is progressing well. September 2014, China and Ghana have signed the agreement relating to the supply of low enriched uranium for research reactors to assist, and formally entered into the implementation phase of the project. In December 2015, sign the business contract, Ghana Leu research reactor fuel element begins processing.
China is willing to work in line with the principles of voluntariness, pragmatic, consultations with the relevant countries imports from China in transformation, the HEU research reactors, and to share with the international community highly enriched uranium research reactor of low concentration technology experience.
Five, strengthen the management of radioactive sources
China supports the strict management, under the premise of ensuring safety, promoting the application of radioactive sources in the field of civil, investing in the domestic security of radioactive sources. China strictly implementation radiation source security management standard, full covers radiation source production, and sales, and transport, and using, and shouzhu, link; full advance China the city radioactive waste library security upgrade, completed city radioactive waste library security prevention system requirements, and United States carried out radiation source security aspects of cooperation; completed has more than 15,000 more than radiation source using units of security checks, properly disposal has waste radiation source; strengthening radiation source security capacity construction, active carried out personnel training and security combat walkthrough; advance put Radioactive sources security technology research and development, high risk radioactive source tracking in mobile systems, irradiation facilities security technology protection measures such as research and design work.
Six, the fight against illicit trafficking in nuclear material
China sees combating illicit trafficking of nuclear material as an important part of preventing nuclear terrorism, always attaches great importance to non-proliferation export control. China constantly strengthening national open port prevention nuclear material and the other radioactive material illegal trafficking based construction, has in national important of Harbour, and airport, and highway and the railway port equipped with various radiation detection equipment more than 1000 more than Taiwan; strengthening focus large port radiation detection coverage, in Shang marine mountain Hong Kong and Tianjin East Xinjiang bonded port is on import and export container achieved 100% radiation detection; improve line law enforcement personnel capacity, using Sino-US cooperation construction of China Customs radiation detection training center, has success held radiation detection training , And export control commodity recognition courses 45 period, training both at home and abroad students up 1280 name, customs part-time teachers more than 30 more than; reference nuclear supply country group latest control listing, timely amendment and strictly implementation nuclear and the nuclear two supplies export control listing, Yu January 1, 2016 up official implementation latest nuclear export control listing; and United States, and Russia, on prevention nuclear material and the other radioactive material illegal trafficking signed cooperation file, and Yu 2015 In October and Russia held successfully the Sino-Russian border to prevent nuclear materials and other illicit trafficking of radioactive materials joint exercises.
Seven, enhance the level of nuclear emergency response
China has established a relatively complete system of nuclear emergency laws, regulations and standards, and constantly improve the nuclear emergency planning and coordination mechanisms, strengthening the nuclear emergency response capacity-building, strengthen communication and exchange with the public, actively developing nuclear emergency drills and focus on building the national nuclear emergency support team and rescue force, is building a 320-Member nuclear emergency response team. In June 2015, Chinese organization, code-named "shield-2015" national nuclear emergency exercises, appeared in size up to 2900 people and host France, Pakistan and representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency, to observe the exercise. In January 2016, China released a white paper on China′s nuclear emergency response, comprehensively introduced China′s nuclear emergency response guidelines, achievements and future prospects.
Eight, strengthening nuclear security
China attaches great importance to nuclear security, continue to strengthen the relevant legislation, strengthening of industrial control systems network security management of information security and Internet industry, promote the information security and network security capabilities. Identification of industrial control systems network security management requirements, explore security risk release mechanism enhanced network infrastructure and operating system security, regularly carry out risk assessments; enhance network security emergency response capacity and organize network security emergency drills; improve the ability of public Internet network attack prevention, network data protection.
Nine, establish environmental radiation monitoring system
China has established a relatively complete national environmental radiation monitoring network, environment quality monitoring, national key regulatory supervisory monitoring and emergency monitoring of nuclear facilities. The province also set up a provincial-level environmental radiation monitoring network. National environmental radiation monitoring network, including radiation environment air automatic monitoring stations and land, water, marine and soil quality monitoring, electromagnetic radiation amount 1400 points, all the monitoring data to the public.
The fourth session of the nuclear security summit will be held on March 31, 2016 April 1 in United States Washington, China is ready to work with all parties concerned, promote the success of this Summit. After the end of the Summit process, the Chinese side will, as always, was deeply involved in the international nuclear security process, is committed to strengthening the international nuclear security system, to enhance global nuclear safety standards, to contribute to the attainment of common nuclear safety. (End)
Responsible editor: Liu Debin SN222
Article keywords: Progress report on the nuclear safety
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中国发布核安全领域进展报告|核安全|进展报告_新闻资讯
新华社华盛顿3月31日电中国在核安全领域的进展报告
自2014年3月召开第三届核安全峰会以来，中国以习近平主席提出的理性、协调、并进的核安全观为指导，全面推进核安全工作，切实落实峰会成 果，不断完善国家核安全体系，致力于加强国际核安全体系，并在国家核安全示范中心建设和运营、强化核材料及放射性材料管理、打击核材料非法贩运、提升核应 急水平、加强涉核网络安全、建立辐射环境监测体系等方面取得重要进展。
一、完善国家核安全体系
各国对本国的核材料及核设施安全负有首要责任。中国致力于完善国家核安全体系，提高核安全能力，培育核安全文化。
(一)加强核安全顶层设计。2014年4月，中国将核安全纳入国家总体安全体系，明确了对核安全的战略定位。全国人大分别于2015年7月、 2015年12月通过《国家安全法》和《反恐怖主义法》，从法律层面明确将核安全列为维护国家安全、反对恐怖主义的重要方面，并规定了具体的核安全任务和 措施。《原子能法》、《核安全法》立法工作稳步推进，目前已列入全国人大立法计划。
(二)完善核安全法规标准。研究编制《核安保条例》，目前已上报国务院；颁布实施《核材料管制视察管理办法》、《核材料管制报告管理办法》、《核材料登记管理办法》等规范性文件；修订《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》。
(三)加强核安全能力建设。重点针对核设施、核材料、放射源安全及核材料出口管制、打击非法贩运等领域，加强基础设施和硬件设备建设，提高执 法人员水平，提升从业人员核安全意识，推动核工业界采纳国际原子能机构相关导则和规范。建设核安全监管技术研发基地，加强核安全监管技术能力。
(四)培育核安全文化。2014年9月，中国环境保护部、国家能源局、国家原子能机构联合发布《核安全文化政策声明》，面向全行业、全社会倡导加强核安全文化。积极开展核安全文化专项宣传活动，逐步建立长效评估机制。
二、加强国际核安全体系
中国致力于构建公平、合作、共赢的国际核安全体系，为核能安全地造福人类提供强有力、可持续的制度保障。
(一)加强核安全国际法律文书
中国已批准《核材料实物保护公约》及其修订案，批准了《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》，一贯忠实履行所承担的国际法律义务，积极推动加强有关 公约的普遍性和有效性。中国严格执行联合国安理会第1373号、第1540号、第1887号等反恐、防扩散决议，继续支持联合国大会通过核安全相关决议。
(二)支持国际原子能机构工作
中国支持国际原子能机构在核安全国际合作中发挥核心作用，并从政治、技术和资金等方面，为国际原子能机构提供全方位支持。
中国与国际原子能机构在核材料安保、放射源监管、核与辐射应急响应等领域积极开展合作，推荐专家参加国际原子能机构核安全文件制定，与国际原 子能机构一道在中国举办核安全培训班，2014年至2015年累计培训国内外从业人员400余人次。中国并加入了国际原子能机构核应急与响应救援国际网 络。
中国支持国际原子能机构开展核安全国际实物保护咨询服务。中国于2015年9月正式邀请国际原子能机构对中国在国家层面和设施层面开展国际实 物保护咨询服务，相关项目于2016年正式进入实施阶段。中国并已邀请国际原子能机构于2016年对中国开展核与辐射安全监管综合评估后续行动。
中国持续向国际原子能机构核安全基金捐款，用于支持中国和亚洲地区其他国家的核安全能力建设。截至2015年底，中国已向该基金累计捐款115万美元。中国将积极考虑增加每年捐款数额，并继续捐赠中国研发的核安全设备。
(三)积极参与国际交流与合作
除国际原子能机构外，中国欢迎其他相关组织和机制根据各自授权，在核安全领域发挥重要作用，并加强相互间的协调和互补。中国深入参与联合国安 理会1540委员会工作，于2014年10月接待该委员会代表团进行首次国家访问，并于2015年9月举办执行安理会第1540号决议亚太地区联络点培训 班。中国还积极参与“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”、国际刑警组织、东盟地区论坛、亚欧会议等框架下的核安全会议和演练活动。
中国高度重视国家间的核安全政策交流与务实合作。2015年9月，习近平主席与美国总统奥巴马同意建立两国核安全年度对话机制。双方于 2016年2月20日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行了首次对话，进一步深化了两国在国际核安全事务中的协调与合作。中国还同俄罗斯、法国、英国、印度、韩国、巴基 斯坦等国家，就核安全问题保持磋商和交流。
中国欢迎核安全峰会成员国提出的核安全自愿性倡议，将正式加入“加强核安全举措落实”、“加强全球核安全的持续行动”等倡议。
三、建设和运营核安全示范中心
中国与美国合作建设的中国国家核安全示范中心于2015年12月提前建设完工，并于2016年3月正式投入运行。示范中心集成国内外成熟先进 的技术和仪器设备，包括展示培训楼、分析实验楼、环境实验楼、模拟核材料库、核材料衡算模拟设施、响应力量培训与演练设施、室外实物保护测试场以及国内外 一流的培训教学设施及国际交流配套设施，涵盖核安全、核保障监督、核材料管制、实物保护等多个领域，具备人员培训、技术研发、国际交流、测试与认证等功 能。该示范中心是亚太地区乃至全球规模最大、设备最全、设施最先进的核安全交流与培训中心。
中国将积极落实习近平主席在第三届核安全峰会上的承诺，以该中心为平台，与其他国家及国际原子能机构等国际组织开展交流与合作，为提升中国及亚太、全球核安全水平做出贡献。
四、加强高浓铀安全
中国重视高浓铀安全，支持在技术和经济可行的情况下，最大限度减少高浓铀的使用。2015年9月，中国原子能科学研究院高浓铀研究堆卸出高浓 铀堆芯；2016年3月，中国原子能科学研究院完成了高浓铀研究堆的低浓化改造工作。加纳高浓铀研究堆改造项目进展顺利。2014年9月，中国与加纳签署 了《关于为研究堆协助供应低浓铀的协定》，项目正式进入实施阶段。2015年12月，中美签署相关商务合同，加纳研究堆低浓铀燃料元件开始加工。
中国愿本着自愿、务实的原则，与相关国家协商改造自中国进口的高浓铀研究堆，并与国际社会分享高浓铀研究堆低浓化改造技术经验。
五、强化放射源管理
中国支持在严格管理、确保安全的前提下，促进放射源在民用领域的应用，着力提升国内放射源安全水平。中国严格执行放射源安全管理标准，全方位 涵盖放射源生产、销售、运输、使用、收贮等环节；全面推进中国各城市放射性废物库安保升级，完成《城市放射性废物库安全防范系统要求》，与美国开展放射源 安保方面的合作；完成了1.5万多家放射源利用单位的安全检查，妥善处置了废旧放射源；加强放射源安全能力建设，积极开展人员培训和安保实战演练；推进放 射源安保技术研发，开展高风险移动放射源跟踪系统、辐照装置安保技防措施等研究设计工作。
六、打击核材料非法贩运
中国将打击核材料非法贩运视为防止核恐怖主义的重要环节，一贯高度重视防扩散出口管制工作。中国不断加强国家开放口岸防范核材料及其他放射性 材料非法贩运基础建设，已在全国重要的海港、空港、公路及铁路口岸配备各类辐射探测设备1000余台；加强重点大型港口辐射探测覆盖面，在上海洋山港和天 津东疆保税港区即将对进出口集装箱实现100%辐射探测；提高一线执法人员能力，利用中美合作建设的中国海关辐射探测培训中心，已成功举办辐射探测培训、 出口管制商品识别培训班45期，培训国内外学员达1280名，海关兼职教师30余名；参照核供应国集团最新管制清单，及时修订并严格落实核及核两用品出口 管制清单，于2016年1月1日起正式执行最新《核出口管制清单》；与美国、俄罗斯等就防范核材料及其他放射性物质非法贩运签署合作文件，并于2015年 10月与俄罗斯成功举行中俄边境防范核材料及其他放射性物质非法贩运联合演习。
七、提升核应急水平
中国已建立了较为完整的核应急法律法规和标准体系，不断完善核应急预案和协调机制，加强核应急能力建设，强化与公众沟通和交流，积极开展核应 急演练，着力建设国家核应急技术支持队伍和救援力量，正在组建一支320人的核应急救援队伍。2015年6月，中国组织开展代号为“神盾－2015”的国 家核应急联合演习，参演规模达2900人，并接待法国、巴基斯坦及国际原子能机构等代表观摩演习。2016年1月，中国发布了《中国的核应急》白皮书，全 面介绍了中国核应急工作方针、取得成就和未来展望。
八、加强涉核网络安全
中国高度重视涉核网络安全，不断加强相关立法工作，加强工业控制系统信息安全和互联网行业网络安全管理，提高行业信息安全和网络安全保障能 力。明确工业控制系统网络安全管理要求，探索安全风险发布机制；加强网络基础设施和业务系统安全防护，定期开展风险评估；提升突发网络安全事件应急响应能 力，组织开展网络安全应急演练；提高公共互联网网络攻击防范能力，强化网络数据保护。
九、建立辐射环境监测体系
中国建立了比较完善的国家辐射环境监测网，开展辐射环境质量监测、国家重点监管的核设施监督性监测及事故应急监测。各省也建立了省级辐射环境 监测网。国家辐射环境监测网包括辐射环境空气自动监测站和陆地、水体、海洋生物、土壤、电磁辐射共计1400个质量监测点位，所有监测数据向公众公开。
第四届核安全峰会将于2016年3月31日至4月1日在美国华盛顿举行，中方愿与各方一道，推动本届峰会取得成功。峰会进程结束后，中方将一如既往地深入参与国际核安全进程，致力于强化国际核安全体系，为提高全球核安全水平、实现共同核安全做出贡献。(完)
责任编辑：刘德宾 SN222
文章关键词： 核安全 进展报告
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