The Ministry of civil affairs: cemeteries used the wrong age 20 | | age of the cemetery _ news
In the Green online Beijing April 1 electric (China Youth reported ? in the Green online reporter Wang Yijun) March end of, Beijing City funeral career development planning (2016-2020) (following referred to "planning") issued, planning proposed, future, Beijing city of cemetery no longer new traditional tombstone, for rental contract due of traditional graves in principle no longer continued rent, and will on no longer continued rent of graves give award.
"Expires this tomb no longer traditional renewal of provisions are new measures to promote the construction of ecological civilization in the field of funeral and interment, a leading model in the country. "The Ministry of civil affairs today, head of the Division of social services and interment in the China Youth Daily: Green online reporters.
According to the introduction, there are two cemeteries, public welfare cemeteries and City Cemetery in rural areas, public cemeteries in rural areas is non-arable land in use of collective land in rural areas, are generally built in the mountain without spending; the City Cemetery is divided into public and operating two, the former is to provide low-income groups stored ashes venue, which allows a market capital management.
Prices in addition to the cemetery, in recent years, public attention to the problem of the burial ground service life. Eve of the Ching Ming Festival 2011, cemetery of Qingdao, Shandong and other places will be used for more than 20 years the term of the cemetery continued collecting management fees, many media reports.
For cemetery use requirement? Generally is 20? Fees how to? Is due for renewal renewal after how long? Renew at the price first payment yet? Elsewhere in the country issued a policy like Beijing?
Journalists to retrieve the related regulations and found that regulations enacted by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the interim measures for the management of cemeteries is not made to the cemetery uses the term specifically provides that only "for-profit cemetery grave management fees one-time charge shall not exceed 20 years."
1998 state forward notice of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on further strengthening the management of cemeteries, the future graves and cells for the storage of ashes in principle, the life of a 20-year cycle. Around the funeral and interment management regulations, regulations or normative documents are to the grave in age requirements.
The funeral management Ordinance does not provide for the same cemetery uses the term, relevant provisions are: severe restrictions on the tombs of the cemetery covers an area of and service life, according to planning allow burials or allowed to bury the ashes, buried the remains or burial Tomb covers an area of and life of ashes, by people's Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in accordance with conservation land, farmland not principle.
This Ordinance published in the previous year, the Beijing Municipal Ordinance have clear provisions on the administration of funeral and interment, graves and the ashes of a lifetime of up to 20 can be renewed after the expiration.
All of these provisions, a similar provision emphasize the same rules-grave by way of age and planning to save land for basic principles.
According to statistics, Beijing is placed about 70,000 a year's ashes, in accordance with the relevant provisions of each Tomb covers an area of no more than 1 square metre for Beijing 7 hectares per year (70,000 square metres) NET, translated into the reality of the cemetery, occupied about 20 hectares of land. If no strict management of the cemetery the term, to the dead and the living will soon become a reality.
The official explained that has defined the grave nature of these provisions for the rental. Meanwhile, expiry of the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau to address the grave problems in 2011, has made it clear the grave when the rent is due for renewal, Chief mourner to pay land rental fees and management fees. Under the management of cemetery in Shanghai, and graves uses the term shall not exceed 70 years, and graves uses contract is characterized as a contract of sale.
The Wuhan funeral and interment management regulations, service units or operator of the cemetery cemetery contract with funeral undertaker and issue him a certificate, and cells for the storage of ashes in a cemetery grave cycle for 20 years, can renew the service contract renewal after expiry. Nature of this provision could be interpreted as grave as rentals. Overall, the vast majority of the local cemetery, a 20-year cycle.
For cemetery maintenance management fees in 2012, the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs on further strengthening the management of funeral services on issues specified in the guidelines, by local price administrative departments according to law into place price list, cemetery maintenance and management approved for the actual costs and a reasonable profit, as determined by the determined throughout.
There are many places like the Beijing Government pricing standards before proceeding. Renewal deadline, in principle, not exceed cemetery with duration of use, and some clear rules where a lower life cycle such as cemetery land for 10 years or 20 years.
According to reports, the provisions of the interim measures for the administration of the cemetery's 20-year life cycle is 20 generations to consider. In real life, to use the term, if the funeral home would like to continue to use the Tomb, you can pay a management fee. For unclaimed or not pay management fees of ashes, buried unified, reflect respect for the deceased.
The official further explained that, in accordance with the provisions of the interim measures for the administration of the cemetery, buried the ashes or body in the cemetery operations, Chief mourner should be required to pay a grave rental, build flat cost of the Tomb, guarded tomb of management fees and burial expenses. Presumption, buy a funeral undertaker, fixtures including the underground construction of the cemetery's graves, ashes, casket and tombstone on the ground, such as building ownership, land has the right to the grave, cemetery tomb of useful life should be determined according to the cemetery as a whole by way of life. For the cost of maintenance and management of the Tomb, the parties may agree to pay cycle. For the storage of ashes in the cells, belong to rental properties, retention period agreed by the parties themselves, and lease term expires, you can apply for renewal procedures.
During the annual Ching Ming Festival, the public will have a "cemetery under age 20 is too short", "can't buy permanent use" questions, the official said, provided for in the regulation on the cemeteries of funeral and interment service life principles. Funeral regulations and normative documents in force only tombs and cells for the storage of ashes in principle, the life of a 20-year cycle, confused with cells for storing the cemetery, there is no clearly defined cemeteries use nature as well as the continued use of what costs should be paid after 20, resulting in a solution, "a cycle of 20", "renewal" policy on issues such as lost.
Meanwhile, "buried" and other traditional concepts, especially the cemetery declared "Permanent Cemetery", and not explicitly in the contract price, duration of use and the renewal terms, charging lack of transparency, not standard issue, Chief mourner "buried how long" concerns.
The head recommends, future should legislation clear cemetery price constitute and Tomb bit using years, provides Tomb bit using years should according to cemetery with to of using years determine, grid bit rental term by Party agreed; specification cemetery Tomb bit sales or grid bit rental contract, clear Tomb bit using or grid bit rental one-time pay of costs and the charges project constitute, elimination public on Tomb bit "most long using 20 years" of errors awareness; clear Tomb bit maintenance management fee of pay cycle can by Party agreed, Maintenance period expires may continue to pay maintenance fees, does not renew it, the cemetery operator shall no longer bear the maintenance responsibility; clear standards and management methods of maintenance and management charges, ensure that cemeteries are not all development sold out no one assume maintenance responsibilities.
Responsible editor: Mao Minmin SN184
Article keywords:Cemeteries service life
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民政部：公墓使用年限20年说法有误|公墓|使用年限_新闻资讯
中青在线北京4月1日电 （中国青年报·中青在线记者 王亦君）3月底，《北京市殡葬事业发展规划（2016—2020）》（以下简称“规划”）印发，规划提出，今后，北京市的公墓不再新建传统墓碑，对于租用 合同到期的传统墓穴原则上不再续租，并且将对不再续租的墓穴给予奖励。
“这一对到期墓位不再以传统形式续租的规定，是促进殡葬领域生态文明建设的新举措，在全国具有领先示范意义。”民政部社会事务司殡葬管理处负责人今天对中国青年报·中青在线记者表示。
据介绍，我国目前的公墓有两种，农村公益性公墓和城市公墓，农村公益性公墓是利用农村集体土地中的非耕地，一般是在荒山上建造，不用花钱购买；城市公墓分为公益性和经营性两种，前者主要为低收入群体提供存放骨灰的场所，后者允许市场资本经营。
除了墓地价格，近年来，有关墓地使用年限的问题备受公众关注。2011年清明节前夕，山东青岛等地一些陵园表示将对超过20年使用期限的墓地续收管理费，许多媒体对此进行了报道。
各地对于公墓使用期限的规定如何？一般都是20年吗？收费标准如何？到期续交后还能续多久？按第一次缴费的价格续交吗？全国其他地方是否出台了类似北京这样的政策？
记者检索相关法规规章后发现，民政部部颁规章《公墓管理暂行办法》并未对公墓使用期限作出明确规定，只规定了“经营性公墓的墓穴管理费一次性收取最长不得超过二十年”。
1998年国办转发民政部关于进一步加强公墓管理意见的通知规定，今后墓地和骨灰存放格位的使用年限原则上以20年为一个周期。在各地殡葬管理法规、规章或规范性文件中均有对墓穴使用年限的规定。
《殡葬管理条例》同样没有规定公墓使用期限，其中有关的规定是：严格限制公墓墓穴占地面积和使用年限，按照规划允许土葬或者允许埋葬骨灰的，埋葬遗体或者埋葬骨灰的墓穴占地面积和使用年限，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府按照节约土地、不占耕地的原则规定。
在此条例发布前一年，《北京市殡葬管理条例》中已明确规定，墓穴及骨灰格位的一个使用周期最长为20年，期满后可以续租。
所有这些规定，都用相似的条款强调同一个规定——墓穴用地的使用期限及规划，都要以节约用地为基本原则。
据统计，北京市目前每年需要安置约7万份骨灰，按照相关规定每个墓穴占地不超过1平方米计算，北京市每年需要7公顷（7万平方米）净地，折算成现实中的墓地，大概需要占用20公顷的土地。如果不对公墓期限进行严格管理，死人与活人争地将很快成为现实。
这位负责人解释说，这些规定已经将墓穴使用性质界定为租赁关系。同时，北京市民政局为解决墓穴使用期限届满问题，2011年曾明确墓穴到期续租 时，丧主需交纳土地租赁费和维护管理费。《上海市公墓管理办法》规定，墓穴使用期限最长不得超过70年，并将墓穴使用合同定性为销售合同。
《武汉市殡葬管理办法》规定，公墓服务单位或经营者应当与丧事承办人签订公墓使用合同并发给使用证明，公墓墓穴和骨灰存放格位的一个使用周期为 20年，期满后经续签服务合同可以续用。此规定可理解为墓穴使用性质为租赁。总体来看，绝大多数地方将公墓一次使用周期定为20年。
对于公墓维护管理费的收费标准，2012年国家发展改革委、民政部《关于进一步加强殡葬服务收费管理有关问题的指导意见》中明确规定，由各地价格主管部门依法纳入地方定价目录，按公墓维护管理的实际成本及合理利润核定，具体由各地确定。
也有不少地方如北京继续执行之前政府定价的标准。对于续用期限问题，原则上要求不超过公墓用地使用年限，也有的地方明确规定一个低于公墓用地使用年限的使用周期如10年或20年。
据介绍，《公墓管理暂行办法》规定的20年使用周期是出于20年一代人的考虑。在现实中，到了使用期限，如果丧主还想继续使用墓穴，可以再缴管理费。对于无人认领或者不交管理费的骨灰，都会统一下葬，体现对逝者的尊重。
这位负责人进一步解释，按照《公墓管理暂行办法》规定，凡在经营性公墓内安葬骨灰或遗体的，丧主应按规定交纳墓穴租用费、建墓工料费、安葬费和 护墓管理费。据此推定，丧事承办人购买一个墓位，对墓地的附着物包括地下建造的墓穴、骨灰、骨灰盒及地上墓碑等建筑物拥有所有权，而对墓位所占土地则具有 使用权，公墓墓位使用年限应当根据整个公墓用地的使用年限确定。对于墓位维护管理的费用，双方当事人可以约定交费周期。对于骨灰存放于格位的，则属于租赁 性质，存放期限由当事人自行约定，格位租赁期满，可以办理续用手续。
对于每年清明节期间，公众都会产生的对于“规定公墓使用年限20年是否太短”、“买了墓位难道不能永久使用”的疑问，这位负责人表示，《殡葬管 理条例》对公墓使用年限规定较为原则。现行殡葬管理法规和规范性文件仅规定墓地和骨灰存放格位的使用年限原则上以20年为一个周期，将墓地使用与格位存放 相混淆，没有明确界定墓地使用性质以及20年之后继续使用需交纳哪些费用，导致在解决“一个使用周期20年”、“续费”等问题上政策失据。
同时，受“入土为安”等传统观念影响，特别是一些公墓对外宣称“永久公墓”，并在合同中没有明确墓位价格构成、墓位使用期限及续费等条款，存在收费不透明、不规范等问题，致使丧主存在“葬多久”的疑虑。
这位负责人建议，今后应该立法明确公墓价格构成和墓位使用年限，规定墓位使用年限应根据公墓用地的使用年限确定，格位租赁期限由当事人约定；规 范公墓墓位销售或格位租赁合同，明确墓位使用或格位租赁一次性交纳的费用及收费项目构成，消除公众对墓位“最长使用20年”的错误认识；明确墓位维护管理 费的交费周期可由当事人约定，维护管理期限届满可续交维护管理费，不续交的，公墓经营者不再承担维护管理责任；明确墓位维护管理费的收费标准和管理办法， 确保公墓不因墓位全部开发售完后无人承担日常维护管理责任。
责任编辑：茅敏敏 SN184
文章关键词： 公墓 使用年限
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