Xinhua News Agency, tracking the Tomb expired tidal: how to renew when it expires 20? | | grave cemetery _ news

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 4-title: grave due 20 how to renew? --To the grave "due the tide" phenomenon to track

Xinhua News Agency, "Xinhua viewpoint" reporter

When qingming tomb sweeping again. "Xinhua viewpoint" reporter survey found, currently, Shandong, and Beijing, and Liaoning, and Chongqing, and in Inner Mongolia, and Yunnan, and Guangxi, to appeared graves "due tide", only Shandong, and Beijing, and Yunnan, minority place on due graves how continued payment with introduced policy; in some place, due graves owes paid continued rent costs of situation more, cemetery management party how processing no main Tomb faced problem.

Mass due to grave, only some places continued to pay rules

At present, the grave due to appear. Shenyang 360,000 in the box of ashes ashes into the tree planting forests, more than half had expired; age of Qingdao, Shandong province, hundreds of Park Cemetery, expiration of jiufeng mausoleum cemetery grave of thousands, Yuhan in Jinan mountain rest in peace Park, about 12,000 of the more than more than 40,000 grave due, of which more than more than 2000 did not renew after expiration, the longest maturity after four or five years without paying; 33 operating cemetery in Beijing, faced expiration issue about more than more than 10 Beijing babaoshan cemetery more than 60,000 of the people in more than one grave, expiration and faces of more than 30,000.

The tomb of "expired" next rent payment? Introduced in 1992 the Ministry of Civil Affairs on the interim measures for the administration of the cemetery, the cemetery and the cells for the storage of ashes in principle, the life of a 20-year cycle. In March 2012, the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on further strengthening the management of funeral services, issued guidance on related issues clearly, payment after the expiration of the grave, people apply for further use, cemetery management unit of cemetery maintenance and management fees charged by local price administrative departments according to law into local price list, fees according to the actual costs of maintenance of the cemetery and authorized reasonable profit, as determined by the determined throughout.

Reporters found that cemetery due continued, at what prices continued payment issues such as current policy on most parts of the country in a "vacuum", only Shandong, Beijing, Yunnan and other related rules, the cycle of renewal, renewal prices are not the same.

Shandong base prices expire on specific cemetery documents of price patterns, files have a 5 year implementation period. For example, price Department of Qingdao, hundreds of old Park Cemetery and mausoleum of jiufeng cemetery grave charge of 200 Yuan a year to the expiration of cemetery maintenance and management services, in principle payment of up to 5 years.

Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau spokesman Li Hongbing said, if renewal in a traditional way, Beijing for the first time to renew provisional period of 10, currently only charged in the standard land rental fees and cemetery management fees, "charges in particular much lower management costs, and other related policy adjustments, then redefine the standard."

Yunnan and other places on the renewal of expired graves there is only one principle-related provisions. For example, Yunnan launched in 2014 on funeral service charge management guidance on issues set out in the management of cemetery maintenance management, the implementation of market-regulated prices, developed independently by cemetery management unit charges.

Expired how to renew, into the grave problem

Reporters found that currently, due around the grave face many difficulties in the process.

--Ecological reconstruction difficult. Funeral society, the Beijing city development plan (2016-2020) set forth in the expired graves "in principle in the form of traditional Tomb renewals", "renewed grave no longer rewarded." Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau Director of funeral he said expired ecological transformation is the traditional tomb of encouraging and guiding the direction of the future, but it is not "one size fits all".

Planning of Beijing's "the traditional tomb of lease contracts expired, section ecological transformation in an appropriate manner", Li introduced that at present Beijing ecological transformation of how grave without any concrete measures.

In the view of the industry, at the operational level on the traditional tomb of harmless treatment is a difficult problem, ecological transformation can improve land utilization, but the recycling of building materials is almost impossible.

--Owe the grave I do not know how to handle it. Yuhan in Jinan mountain rest Park is the nation's first "to renew permits" one of the cemetery, said Sun Jianjun, Director, early in 2010, the Jinan price Bureau issued specifically, on expiration of the General Cemetery highest charge management fees of no more than 15 yuan per month, in high-grade type up to 25 Yuan per month. "Due to various reasons, due for the grave, many families of the time could not be contacted. ”

Liaoning province, under the management of cemeteries, after the expiration of 3 months past due payments, without the main Tomb, Longgang cemetery in Shenyang, but management has not expired, grave No. Longgang cemetery service said Li Shuyao, Director of the Center, despite the clear time on the tomb of the Lord-free policy judgment, but now all expired graves still remain intact, even the focus moved to the Tower of ashes didn't do, scared families looking for trouble in the future.

--Shortening the catacombs use the term public is unacceptable. Funeral society, the Beijing city development plan (2016-2020) clearly "encourages the shortened lease period the Tomb." Many netizens, 20 is too short due to further shorten the period is longer appropriate.

China Funeral Association Expert Committee, Qiao Kuanyuan noted that grave shortage of land resources use and payment cycle to both reality and the acceptance by the people, generations of residents age has fallen from more than 10 years ago, when the development life-cycle extension of 20 to 30 years, using relatively short cycle where the need to respect the social reality and resident needs more time. In Shanghai, Shenzhen and other places the grave of cycles at 50 or 70 years, how to shorten the period it is necessary to appropriate study.

The intensive use of land in the graveyard shortage situation into focus

A number of experts pointed out that in recent years, some local to graves due processing and billing, vault lease period policy, this is in response to the "burial ground siege" situation. The Chinese funeral development report (2012-2013) showed that most of the city's existing graves all over the country will run out in 10 years, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large cities, many cemeteries cemetery shortage.

Reporters in the interview that, some time earlier cemetery facing mass grave due but hard to recycle, the plight of reserve land, driven by economic interests, even at the destroyed Green Lake, fill, expansion of private. Experts believe that for the renewal of expired Tomb standard and non-defining of the main Tomb issued rules without delay.

In response to the "grave crisis", nine ministries such as the Ministry of Civil Affairs recently published the guidance relating to the implementation of land ecological burial clearly, "actively promote the grave recycling" and "encourage family members to use common ways to enhance usage the single grave."

"Members of the family buried" different from the family tomb of the banned? Shanghai Funeral Association, said Wang Hongjie, tombs of the family compound is a "stack of burial", the concept of the family tomb rather than shop. Currently conducted in Shanghai is divided into two layers, each layer 4, you can set up 8 dead, although its price is higher than the traditional tomb of 20%-30%, but the average calculation to each deceased, actually a lot cheaper price.

Despite the advantages of lower cost and tomb sweeping, but tombs of the family compound to launch in six years, only pilot a number of cemetery sales 150 or so, still belongs to the "small minority".

In the view of the industry, in addition to inadequate publicity and resident acceptance needs elevation, double buried tombs of waterproof, high technical requirements and management costs, cemetery operators only land development coming to an end, land a more tense situation will take care of this new interest in tombs.

Shenyang's ashes into the tree planting forest Manager Ji Shuzhong believes that encouraging family buried in the ecological burial can be tried, a case study of ecological lawn and tree burial buried, its design is sprinkled ashes buried under trees or on the lawn, deceased relatives can be buried in the same place again in the future, but exactly how need cemetery practices and related policies issued. (Reporters Zhou Rui, and Lin Miaomiao, Shi Qingwei and Wang Wei, and Wang, and Shao Kun)

Responsible editor: Chen yan SN225

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新华社追踪墓穴到期潮：20年期满后如何续费？|墓穴|公墓_新闻资讯

　　新华社北京4月4日电 题：墓穴20年到期如何续费？——多地墓穴“到期潮”现象追踪

　　新华社“新华视点”记者

　　又到清明祭扫时。“新华视点”记者调查发现，目前，山东、北京、辽宁、重庆、内蒙古、云南、广西等地出现墓穴“到期潮”，仅山东、北京、云南等少数地方对到期墓穴如何续缴费用出台政策；在一些地方，到期墓穴欠缴续租费用的情况较多，墓园管理方如何处理无主墓面临难题。

　　多地墓穴大规模到期，仅个别地方出台续缴规定

　　目前，多地出现墓穴到期现象。沈阳骨灰入土植树纪念林36万盒骨灰中，超过一半的已经过期；山东青岛的百龄园公墓、九峰陵公墓等到期墓穴过万，济南的玉函山安息园4万多个墓穴中到期的有1.2万个左右，其中有2000多个到期后没有续费，最长的到期后四五年没有缴费；北京的33家经营性公墓中，面临到期问题的约有10余家，北京八宝山人民公墓6万多个墓穴中，到期和面临到期的超过3万。

　　墓穴“到期”后续租怎样缴费？1992年出台的民政部关于公墓管理暂行办法规定，墓地和骨灰存放格位的使用年限原则上以20年为一个周期。2012年3月，国家发改委和民政部下发的《关于进一步加强殡葬服务收费管理有关问题的指导意见》明确，缴费到期后的墓穴，群众申请继续使用的，公墓经营单位收取的公墓维护管理费由各地价格主管部门依法纳入地方定价目录，收费标准按公墓维护管理的实际成本及合理利润核定，具体由各地确定。

　　记者调查发现，墓地到期怎么续缴、按什么价格续缴等问题，目前全国多数地区处于政策“真空”，仅有山东、北京、云南等地出台相关规定，其续租价格、续租周期也不尽相同。

　　山东采用基层物价部门对具体到期墓园发文件定价格的模式，文件的执行期多为5年。比如，青岛物价部门规定，百龄园公墓和九峰陵公墓的期满墓穴收取每年200元的公墓维护管理服务费，缴费期原则上为5年。

　　北京市民政局新闻发言人李红兵表示，如果以传统方式续租，北京的第一次续租暂定周期为10年，费用目前只按相关标准收取土地租赁费和墓地管理费两项，“目前收费特别是管理费用明显偏低，将等相关政策调整后，再重新确定标准”。

　　云南等地对到期墓穴的续租仅有一个原则性的规定。比如，云南2014年出台的《关于殡葬服务收费管理有关问题的指导意见》中规定经营性公墓维护管理费实行市场调节价，由公墓经营单位自主制定收费标准。

　　到期墓穴如何续租、处理成难题

　　记者调查发现，目前，各地在处理到期墓穴过程中面临诸多困难。

　　——实现生态化改造有难度。《北京市殡葬事业发展规划(2016－2020)》中提出，到期墓穴“原则上不再以传统墓穴的形式续租”，“对不再续租的墓穴给予奖励”。北京市民政局殡葬处处长李辉表示，到期的传统墓穴进行生态化改造是今后鼓励引导的方向，但并不是搞“一刀切”。

　　针对北京相关规划中提出的“对租用合同到期的传统墓穴，以适当方式进行节地生态化改造”，李辉介绍，目前北京对如何在墓区进行生态化改造还没有具体措施。

　　在业内人士看来，在操作层面上实现传统墓穴的无害化降解处理是个难题，生态化改造可以提升土地利用率，但建材的可循环利用却几乎是不可能的。

　　——欠费墓穴不知如何处理。济南玉函山安息园是全国最早获得“续租批文”的墓园之一，负责人孙建军说，早在2010年，济南市物价局就专门发文，对期满的普通型公墓收取护墓管理费最高不超过每月15元，中、高档型最高不超过每月25元。“由于各种原因，对于到期墓穴，很多时候联系不到家属。”

　　根据《辽宁省公墓管理办法》，期满后逾期3个月不缴纳的，按无主墓穴处理，但包括沈阳回龙岗墓园在内的管理方都并没有对过期墓穴按无主墓处理。回龙岗墓园服务中心主任李树尧说，尽管政策上对无主墓有明确的时间判定，但现在所有过期墓穴依然都保持原状，连集中迁到骨灰塔都没有做，就怕将来家属找麻烦。

　　——缩短墓穴使用期限公众尚难以接受。《北京市殡葬事业发展规划(2016－2020)》明确“鼓励缩短墓穴租赁期限”。不少网友直指，20年到期已经太短，进一步缩短周期更不合适。

　　中国殡葬协会专家委员会专家乔宽元指出，墓穴的使用和缴费周期要兼顾土地资源紧缺的现实和百姓的接受程度，居民的代际年龄已经从十几年前制定使用周期时的20年延长到了30年，使用周期比较短的地方需要尊重社会现实和居民需求制定较长的期限。而在上海、深圳等地墓穴的使用周期在50年乃至70年的，适当研究如何缩短期限很有必要。

　　墓地紧缺形势下如何集约使用土地成焦点

　　多位专家指出，近年来，一些地方对到期墓穴的处理和收费、墓穴的租赁周期等出台政策，这其实是在应对“墓地围城”困境。《中国殡葬事业发展报告(2012－2013)》显示，全国大部分城市的现有墓穴都将在10年内用完，北京、上海、广州等大城市很多公墓出现墓地紧缺。

　　记者在采访中了解到，一些建设时间较早的墓园面临大量墓穴到期却又难以循环利用、储备土地不足的困境，在经济利益的驱动下，甚至不惜毁绿、填湖、私扩。专家认为，为到期墓穴的续租标准和无主墓的处理界定出台细则刻不容缓。

　　为了应对“墓地危机”，民政部等九部委近日发布的《关于推行节地生态安葬的指导意见》明确，“积极推进墓穴循环使用”，“鼓励家庭成员采用合葬方式提高单个墓位使用率”。

　　“家庭成员合葬”与被明令禁止的家族墓有何不同？上海市殡葬行业协会会长王宏阶说，家庭复式墓葬是一个“叠葬”的概念，而不是铺开来的家族墓。目前上海推行的是上下两层、每层4个，最多可以安放8名逝者，尽管其价格较传统的墓穴高了20%－30%，但平均计算到每名逝者，其实价格便宜不少。

　　尽管拥有单价较低和祭扫便利的优势，但上海家庭复式墓葬推出六年来，仅在试点的数个公墓销售了150个左右，依然属于“小众”。

　　在业内人士看来，除了宣传不够和居民接受程度需要提升外，复式墓葬对防水、下葬等技术要求和管理成本较高，公墓经营方往往只有土地开发进入尾声、土地紧张的情况下才会对这一更节地的新型墓葬感兴趣。

　　沈阳骨灰入土植树纪念林经理纪书忠认为，鼓励家庭合葬在生态葬方面可以先行先试，以生态树葬和草坪葬为例，其设计就是将骨灰埋于树下或是洒在草坪上，未来再有亲属亡故可埋于同一地点，但具体如何操作还需要墓园实践和相关补充政策的出台。(记者周蕊、林苗苗、石庆伟、汪伟、王志、邵琨)

责任编辑：陈琰 SN225

文章关键词：
墓穴 公墓

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