Farewell father of j-10 Song Wencong: birthday changed to f-10 first flew | j -10|, song Cong _ news
Song Wencong. Information chart Original title: Farewell "father of j-10" Song Wencong: the birthday to the f-10 first flew
13:10 on March 22, 2016, China lost a Masters: Chengdu aircraft design Institute, AVIC Chief expert, former Deputy Director and Chief Designer, "father of the j-10" Song Wencong 301 hospital in Beijing, at the age of 86. Is deplorable, and the next day was his birthday, is also the fighter -10 fighter first flight successful 18-year anniversary. On March 23, 1998, is called "man machine" f- -10 finally completed its maiden flight, Song Wencong deliberately changed his birthday is March 23.
Industry on Song Wencong has many praised: "China Aviation masters", he is new China established yilai itself training of aircraft designer in the of "bar-headed geese", in aviation industrial front struggle has more than 50 multiple spring; "fighter-10 of parent", he has participate in had Dongfeng 113, and fighter-7, and fighter-8, and fighter-9, and fighter -10, multiple aircraft model of development, and served as had fighter-7 III and fighter -10 aircraft of total designer; kind of "Don", he no chew had Ocean bread, head Shang also didn't wearing had Dr, and master of hat, Work sometimes obstinate is unreasonable, but realize independent innovation of China's aviation development of weapons and equipment from the track to a great leap ... ...
As one aviation industry executives recently told the weekly Outlook News reporter put it, "China's j-10, this is a how much costs foreigners will not sell our technology, this is one spent in undone under the situation of new China more than 20 years to build the strategy boutique, and he made the monument for this cause-like contributions! He is China's industrial Crown-class generation masters, is the father of China's j-10! He devoted his whole life to the Chinese fighter. ”
In "Song Wencong, academician of Memorial", the j-10 project administration Deputy Director Yan Xiang said, when countries on the Jian-10 team has three tasks, is the development of advanced-generation fighter in the world; the second is develop a mastery of advanced technology team; it is to build infrastructure to develop and produce advanced warplanes. "It can be said that j-10 project accomplished three major tasks for the continued development of China's aviation industry has laid a solid foundation. ”
15 minutes to change history
Song Wencong can become "father of the j-10", derived from a chance.
In February 1982, China's new generation of fighter development program evaluation feasibility study meeting was held in Beijing warehouse shipping general staff hostel, the protagonists are 601 of Shenyang j-13 programme and wrote a 650-strong-6 derivative programmes. Variable-swept wing because wrote the programme by nature complex and unreliable, and wrote a lack of scientific research, so say 601 f- -13 will win.
Song Wencong as Chengdu 611 representatives also participated in the meeting, but the task is to "help advice, perfect perfect". Perhaps in order to do better in the selection meeting, "accidentally" 611 decided to give all an opportunity to report on their new fighter programme. But because it is a temporary arrangement, so to speak for only a few minutes.
Despite no aircraft model, no pattern information, hand in some just overnight catch business out of several Zhang Ming film, but in short of 15 minutes within, Song Wencong from future war how playing began told, proposed new fighter should stressed mobility, and in the distance missile stopped shot, and electronic against, needs, then took out has 611 by of duck wing layout programme, makes here all people impression deep. After discussion, it was decided to suspend the selection, two months time for 601 and 611 programme further perfecting their decision.
In 1984, the selection of three new fighter and the engine selection will be repeated study, 611 canard was selected as the final plan for development. In 1986, the development of Deng Xiaoping to approve the new fighter, listed as a State major project, codenamed project 10th. Subsequently, the Commission formally appointed Song Wencong as Chief Designer. This year, Song Wencong 56 years old.
Later, someone joked, report of the old song for more than 10 minutes, exertion of programmes for families to turn yellow. Now it seems that "impact" not only "brother", but China's aviation industry as a whole.
"Counter attack" after 24 years of death defying stunts
"One minute on stage, the audience ten years of practice." Just a 15-minute report on successful "counter attack" Song Wencong is behind it in the aviation industry for decades and constantly explore, assiduously and extensive practice.
As early as 1958, Song Wencong, the military air force engineering section with three students participated in the "East wind 113" project, served as head of the overall design of the aircraft group. To undertake this important task, a junior, is rare in the history of aircraft design in the world. Although the "great leap forward" background, "East wind 113" project went nowhere, but in the entire development process, Song Wencong professional level has been greatly improved, more important is, in actual groping, he gradually accumulated aircraft design "focus on global collaboration systems, overall lead one-stop pushing" valuable experience.
Since then, the Song Wencong has participated in and led f-7, f-8, f- -9 and other development projects, although during the successful failure, but his future China Aviation Technology and aerospace industry development thinking on the deepening of awareness.
For example, the j-9 project took 15 years to eventually fade, but the canard layout was thorough and meticulous research. Meanwhile, Song Wencong also keenly aware of how to use mobility tactical supersonic conditions, will be a key issue facing the new fighter development. To that end, he established a special tactical performance and vision development research group, figure out the scheme stopped shooting and have been demonstrating and error distribution. All of these are f- -10 laid a solid foundation for the success.
From this point of view, Song Wencong is lucky, because in the new China aviation industry on this piece of virgin land unused, had enough chances to let him try, Flex, accumulated experience, grew rapidly. The most fortunate is that in China's aviation industry on key nodes from quantitative change to qualitative change, he and his f-10 appeared in a timely manner.
"Eating the bread of others can only ever be a beggar"
In the interview, Newsweek correspondent for the lookout known Song Wencong has been about one thing before "brood." In the spring of 1960, according to the agreement, the Soviet Union sent a team of experts to China. "Big brother", Song Wencong, like many young people, holding opts for attitude, "met to discuss, an expert on Soviet Union pulled out a small notebook in my speech, we look up to a comrade from the unconscious, the results the expert of our comrades so coy glance, protested after the fuss. ”
It young Song Wencong was stimulated, from then on, he would realize a truth, the elder chew chewing cold steamed bread of others, it will always be a poor beggar, determined to blaze a path of China's independent design and development of aircraft.
China aviation industry starting from 1953 to 1983 in 30 years, has been "copied" the road the country industrialized and underdeveloped innovation fatigue in aviation industry. In the competition of three generation fighters, default programmes was lost in competition at that time, because this is a FBW, no static instability layout, there is no integrated avionics, not beyond visual range combat capability of the conservative programme of second generation and a half.
As a competitor of the j-10, aerodynamic shape, the body structure, flight control systems and so on in China is a new design, application of new technologies for more than 60%. In accordance with the general principle, this ratio should not exceed 30%. "Some say it was doomed to failure, it is whimsical. "During the interview, recalled Yan Xiang, Song Wencong insisted.
Of course, innovation is by no means unrealistic ideas are more realistic. Fighter-10 programme can moved air force, not only is song Cong throws has a new of advanced three generations Duck type aircraft programme, more is set weaknesses, and for domestic engine level poor, material process behind, electronic equipment volume weight big of passive reality, how as using energy mobile theory and aircraft agile sex to design, and play advantage district performance, and will stadia within air combat and Super stadia air combat close combined up of air combat theory system.
From Lone Star Flash to xinghancanlan
A person's ability is strong, and time and energy is limited. How to fundamentally improve China aviation industry's research and development capabilities, is always thinking, song Cong problem. After becoming a designer of j-10 project, behind China's aviation industries and reasonable research system's ills, song Cong resisted and obstructed reform the research systems of the aircraft.
A is established three level designer system, will participation development of different industry and sector of designer by system supporting into management, clear upper and lower relationship and responsibility; II is established economic responsibility, each items finished must after series experiment qualified to Shang machine, or not to money; three is promotion review technology, each a a project of development from programme argument to manufacturing Assembly, are to after review qualified to into Xia a process; four is organization major technology research, on effect whole aircraft development process of technology problem for organization research.
The system quickly developed for fighter order to lay a solid basis for the management of China's aviation industry began to revive.
Someone once asked him: a model less then 8 years 10 years more than 20 years, you are more than 50, the plane can be in your hands do stereotypes? Song Wencong replied: "this plane can shape in my hand, I say not. But one thing is for sure is that through the development of this aircraft, a large number of modern aircraft design and development of China's talent is bound to grow up, we just paved the way for them, then I old song's in it doesn't matter, naturally Song Wencong smarter people than me to go on. ”
In response, Yang Wei is one of the people who have the final word. As the j-10 two-seat type and j -20 's Chief Designer, graduated only 22 years old, immediately after entering the Chengdu aircraft design Institute was valued by song, old, only 1.5 years later became head of j-10 development of flight control system. Until today, can be described as unthinkable.
During an interview, Yang Wei recalls, "1990 when I have applied for abroad, have been given a passport just to get a visa. Later Song Zong say don't go, leaving me. In fact not behind these three words, he gave it to me after the new tasks and challenges, and I think this kind of love is the cause of a pursuit of talent. ”
Song Wencong is hard to personnel training and support. In 1998, Yang Wei, song Cong after selected for their successors to the cause of aviation research, Song Wencong never criticized Yang Wei in front of other people, always to others when Yang Wei added sentence: "this is going to take my class people of the future. ”
Privately, Song Wencong is very strict to Yang Wei. Yang Wei talked about such a thing: "set in 1998 after me as a designer, song always tell me that my first words were, ' you guys don't think that you become an officer, after reports they do not write, read other people's statements. Computing you do, you do not read. ' Right now, I have also used this phrase to requirements of the younger generation, I think this is a challenge for us, is a kind of training. ”
Once, when someone asked him if he has any regrets in life, Song Wencong said slowly, "If there are any regrets that people life is too short, and too little time. If people can live up to 100 years, 200 years old, then I also developed several aircraft for your country. "(Before the reporter) (source: Outlook weekly news)
Responsible editor: Chen yan SN225
Article keywords:F- -10, song Cong
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送别歼-10之父宋文骢:将生日改为歼10首飞日|歼-10|宋文骢_新闻资讯
宋文骢。资料图 原标题：送别“歼-10之父”宋文骢：将生日改为歼10首飞日
2016年3月22日13点10分，中国失去了一位大师：中航工业成都飞机设计研究所首席专家、原副所长兼总设计师，“歼-10之父”宋文骢在北京301医院逝世，享年86岁。令人叹息的是，第二天便是他的生日，也是歼-10战斗机首飞成功18周年的纪念日。1998年3月23日，被称为“骨气机”的歼-10终于完成了首飞，宋文骢特意将自己的生日改为了3月23日。
业内对宋文骢有很多称誉：“中国航空巨匠”，他是新中国成立以来自行培养的飞机设计师中的“头雁”，在航空工业战线奋斗了50多个春秋；“歼-10之父”，他先后参加过东风113、歼-7、歼-8、歼-9、歼-10等多个飞机型号的研制，并担任过歼-7Ⅲ和歼-10飞机的总设计师；亲切的“老爷子”，他没有啃过洋面包，头上也没戴过博士、硕士的帽子，对待工作有时会固执到不近人情，却实现了中国航空武器装备从跟踪发展到自主创新的伟大跨越……
正如日前一位航空工业高层管理者向《瞭望》新闻周刊记者所言，“中国歼-10，这是一个花多大代价外国人都不会卖给我们的技术，这是一个在新中国百废待兴的境地下花费二十多年打造的战略精品，而他为这项事业做出了丰碑般的贡献！他是中国工业皇冠级一代巨匠，是中国歼-10之父！他把毕生精力都献给了我国战机事业。”
在“宋文骢院士追思会”上，歼-10项目原行政副总指挥晏翔说，当年国家对歼-10团队提出了三项任务，一是研制出世界先进水平的三代战斗机；二是培养出一支能掌握先进技术的队伍；三是建立出能研制生产先进战机的基础设施。“可以说，歼-10项目圆满完成了这三大任务，为我国的航空工业的继续发展打下了坚实基础。”
15分钟改变历史
宋文骢能成就“歼-10之父”，源自一段机缘巧合。
1982年2月，中国新一代战机研制方案评审论证会在北京海运仓总参谋部招待所召开，唱主角的是沈阳601所的歼-13方案和洪都650所强-6的衍生方案。由于洪都所的变后掠翼方案天生复杂和不可靠，再加上洪都所的科研力量不足，所以普遍认为601所的歼-13将胜出。
宋文骢作为成都611所的代表也参加了会议，但任务只是去“帮助参谋参谋，完善完善方案”。或许是为了做到优中选优，会议“意外地”决定给611所一个机会，汇报他们的新歼方案。但因为是临时安排，所以发言时间只有短短的一刻钟。
尽管没有飞机模型，没有图样资料，手里有的只是连夜赶制出来的几张明胶片，但在短短的15分钟内，宋文骢从未来战争怎么打开始讲，提出新战机应该强调机动性、中距离导弹拦射、电子对抗等需求，然后拿出了611所的鸭翼布局方案，令在座所有人印象深刻。经过讨论，会议决定暂停选型，给两个月时间让601所和611所完善各自方案再行定夺。
1984年，经过三次新歼选型会和发动机选型会的反复研究，611所的鸭式布局被选为最终方案进行发展。1986年，邓小平批准新歼研制，列为国家重大工程，代号10号工程。随后，国防科工委正式任命宋文骢担任总设计师。这一年，宋文骢56岁。
后来，有人开玩笑道，老宋十几分钟的汇报，把人家费尽力气搞的方案给搅黄了。而今看来，受到“影响”的绝不仅仅是“兄弟单位”，而是整个中国的航空工业。
“逆袭”后面的24年硬功夫
“台上一分钟，台下十年功”。区区15分钟的报告就能够成功“逆袭”，其背后是宋文骢在航空工业领域数十年的不断探索、刻苦钻研与丰富实践。
早在1958年，宋文骢还是哈军工三期空军工程系一科的学生，就参加了“东风113”项目，担任该型飞机总体设计组组长。一个大三学生担此重任，在世界飞机设计史上十分罕见。虽然在“大跃进”的背景下，“东风113”项目无疾而终，但在整个研制过程中，宋文骢的专业水平得到了极大提升，更为重要的是，在实际摸索中，他逐步积累起飞机总体设计“着眼全局协同各系统，总体牵头一条龙推动”等宝贵经验。
此后，宋文骢又先后参与和主导了歼-7、歼-8、歼-9等多个项目的研制，虽然期间有成功有失败，但他对中国未来航空技术和航空工业发展的认识思考在不断加深。
例如，歼-9项目历时15年虽然最终凋谢，但对鸭翼布局却进行了深入而细致的研究。与此同时，宋文骢还敏锐地察觉到，如何在超声速条件下运用机动性战术，将是新歼研制面临的一个非常关键的问题。为此，他专门成立了战术性能和远景发展研究组，搞清楚了拦射的原理方案，并进行了指标论证和误差分配。所有这些，都为此后歼-10的成功奠定了坚实的基础。
从这个角度来看，宋文骢无疑是幸运的，因为在新中国航空工业这块尚未开垦的处女地上，拥有足够多的机会能让他不断尝试、施展拳脚、积累经验、迅速成长。而最为幸运的是，在中国航空工业从量变到质变的关键节点上，他和他的歼-10及时地出现了。
“啃别人的馒头永远只能是乞丐”
曾经在采访中，《瞭望》新闻周刊记者知道宋文骢生前对一件事一直“耿耿于怀”。1960年的春天，按照协议，苏联派出一组专家来华咨询。对于“老大哥”们，宋文骢和许多年轻人一样，抱着虚心求教的态度，“开会讨论中，一位苏联专家发言时掏出一个小本子，我们一位同志无意识地凑过头去，结果这位专家对我们的同志睨了一眼，会后小题大做地提出了抗议。”
这件事让年轻的宋文骢很受刺激，从那时起，他就悟出一个道理，长年啃别人嚼过的冷馒头，就只能永远当个可怜的乞丐，立志要走出一条中国独立自主设计研制飞机的道路。
中国航空工业从1953年启动到1983年这30年中，一直走着“复制”的道路，整个国家工业化底子薄，航空工业创新也乏力。在三代战机的竞争中，当时内定的方案之所以竞争失败，就是因为这是一个没有电传飞控、没有静不稳定布局、没有综合化航电、没有超视距作战能力的保守二代半方案。
而作为竞争对手的歼-10，在气动外形、机体结构、飞控系统等各个方面在国内都是全新设计，新技术应用超过60%。而按照一般的原则，这一比例不应该超过30%。“有人说这注定要失败，简直是异想天开。”采访中，晏翔回忆说，宋文骢坚持己见。
当然，创新绝非不切实际的天马行空，更需要立足现实。歼-10方案能打动空军，不仅在于宋文骢抛出了一套新型的先进三代鸭式飞机方案，更是一整套扬长避短、针对国内发动机水平不佳，材料工艺落后，电子设备体积重量大的被动现实，如何尽可能利用能量机动理论和飞机敏捷性来设计、发挥优势区性能，并将视距内空战与超视距空战紧密结合起来的空战理论体系。
从孤星闪烁到星汉灿烂
一个人能力再强，时间和精力也是有限的。如何从根本上持续提升中国航空工业的研发能力，一直是宋文骢思考的问题。在成为歼-10项目的总设计师后，针对中国落后的航空工业水平和不合理的科研体系弊病，宋文骢顶住压力和阻挠改革了战机的科研体制。
一是建立三级设计师系统，将参与研制的不同行业和部门的设计师按系统配套纳入管理，明确上下关系和责任；二是建立经济负责制，每一项成品必须经过一系列实验合格才能上机，否则不给钱；三是推广评审技术，每一个项目的开发从方案论证到制造总装，都要经过评审合格才能进入下一流程；四是组织重大技术攻关，对影响整个飞机研制进程的技术难题进行组织攻关。
这个体制为此后战机研发的快速有序打下了坚实的管理基础，中国的航空工业开始焕发生机。
有人曾当面问他：搞一个型号少则8年10年，多则20年，你今年50多了，这飞机能在你手里定型吗？宋文骢回答道：“这架飞机能不能在我手里定型，我说了不算。但有一点可以肯定的是，通过这架飞机的研制，中国一大批现代飞机设计研制的人才肯定会成长起来，我们只要为他们铺好了路，到时候我老宋在不在没关系，自然会有比我宋文骢更高明的人来接着干。”
对此，杨伟无疑是最有发言权的人之一。作为歼-10双座型和歼-20的总设计师，硕士毕业时才22岁，进入成都飞机设计所后立刻就被宋老所重视，仅仅参加工作一年半以后，就成为歼-10飞控系统研发的负责人。直至今天，都可以用不可想象来形容。
在接受本刊记者采访时，杨伟回忆道，“1990年的时候，我已经申请出国了，已经拿到了护照，就差办签证了。后来宋总说别走了，把我留下了。实际上背后不是这三个字，他之后交给了我新任务和新挑战，我觉得这种对人才的爱护是对事业的一种追求。”
宋文骢对人才的培养和扶持是极为用心的。1998年杨伟被宋文骢选定为自己航空科研事业的接班人以后，宋文骢再没有当着其他人的面批评过杨伟，还总在向别人介绍杨伟时加一句：“这是未来要接我班的人。”
私下里，宋文骢对杨伟的要求却很严格。杨伟讲到这样一件事：“1998年确定我当总设计师后，宋总跟我说的第一句话是‘你小子别以为你当了官，以后报告自己不写了，念别人的发言稿。计算你不做了，文章你不看了。’现在我也用这句话来要求年轻一辈，我觉得这种要求对我们来讲是一种鞭策，是一种培养。”
曾经，有人问他生命中还有什么遗憾的时候，宋文骢缓缓地说，“如果说还有什么遗憾，那就是人的寿命太短，时间太少了。如果人能活到100岁、200岁，那我还能为自己的国家研制几架飞机。”（记者尚前名）（来源：瞭望新闻周刊）
责任编辑：陈琰 SN225
文章关键词： 歼-10 宋文骢
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