Guilin Jingjiang tomb was private grave erosion of the villagers sell Cemetery official seal | protected | private tombs _ news of cultural relics news
Xinhua News Agency, Nanning, April 5-title: Guilin Jingjiang tombs of why protected areas was a private grave erosion?
Xinhua News Agency reporters Tang Ronggui, Huang Haoming
State-level key cultural relics protection units was surrounded by private graves and villagers flocked to sell the cemetery also issued stamped with the official seal of the "receipt", pay more than 10,000 yuan to "settled" Royal treasure ... ...
Recently found in the Guangxi Guilin Jingjiang Tomb visited protected areas, tombs in the past a large number of private grave erosion has become unrecognizable, and showed a growing trend.
Old and new grave grave interwoven Tomb turned "mass graves"
Guangxi Guilin Jingjiang Tomb has 11 Jingjiang of the Ming dynasty military governors and generals, Ministers, and the Princess more than 300 tombs, is the largest and the best preserved military governors in the Ming dynasty tombs belonging to the State-level key cultural relics protection units. Reporter hang Yao Shan XI, April 1 is located in the eastern suburbs of Guilin, South of the village, saw Yi Tomb by private grave erosion of the most serious side.
According to the information provided by the departments of cultural relics, and Yi Tomb covers an area of 43 acres, around the House, Tomb door, the Kitchen God, God Pavilion and gate lions, Warrior charged horse sacred stone for ceremonial buildings, stone carvings.
Reporters on the scene, the whole Tomb has become a sprawling cemeteries, both the old grave there new graves, thousands of private tombs around it, into tombs like a maze. 3 meters high, about 8 meters in diameter end-Yi Tomb mounds across more than 10 private graves, tombs on both sides of the Shinto gate lions, Warrior horse stone separated by the grave of private control to pieces.
Eclipses on the walls of the Tomb, you can see "old graves, and was buried in new graves" ads have been posted. Villagers in small groups gathered on the highway next to the Tomb, has been selling burial site.
In a corner of the Tomb, the reporter saw two villagers are building a new-made grave, next to the new grave black Tomb Shinto sculpture neon sign. A elderly woman offered to sell reporters the remaining 2 plots, each about 4-square, sandwiched between the numerous private graves. She wanted 14,000 yuan, including costs such as land use, stone and artificial, and indicates that the tomb is poised, the price is very reasonable. She told reporters the land belonging to the village collective, can be stamped with the seal of the village of receipts issued, without fear of being removed.
In 2011, the cultural relics departments to investigate the reserves buried in mass graves. Survey found that end block private grave for 8349 Yi tomb sites, the entire hanging village of more than 17,000, buried mass graves ends Yi tomb sites as the Center, has expanded in recent years into the surrounding rock more than halfway up, and gradually spread to the core area of Jingjiang tomb sites.
Buried mass uncontrollable treatment of lack of supervision is weak
Guilin's Jingjiang Tomb Antiquities Service introduced Zeng Xiangzhong, Deputy Director at the national planning and construction of the 7.5 km Jingjiang tomb of archaeological sites within the Park, mass graves buried in 2011 and already has more than 20,000 seats, and an annual increase of around 1000 seats continued to develop, wreak havoc on tomb sites in Jingjiang and environmental features.
"Yao Shan areas civil strife buried mass number up to 60,000-80,000, nearly two years in the Yao Shan found many covers an area of 200 square meters of luxury, wasting a lot of land, sadly. "Interment said Luo Yi, Deputy Director of Guilin city.
Zeng Xiangzhong said Hang Village buried mass graves there are some historical reasons, in the 1970 of the 20th century before the Tomb had not been included in the cultural relics protection units, built in the Yao Shan Crematorium in Guilin city, Yi tomb sites as moving graves end placed at cemeteries. After the 80 's, along with the reconstruction of the city, a large number of private tombs were moved, buried mass scale gradually. In recent years, the village collective illegally rented out, sold land to build tombs and collect a certain percentage of the so-called contract fees or management fees, contributed to the submerged mass phenomenon.
Zeng Xiangzhong said the Antiquities Service without land ownership, has no enforcement powers, has no right to the Qing tombs, so in a very awkward position.
Luo Yi, in 2006, interment in Guilin city has pushed City Government pass a clean burial mass measures, but poor results finally came. Buried mass graves related to home, land, forestry, heritage, a number of departments, the civil affairs departments have no enforcement power, private tombs are accessible only by departments in accordance with the illegal construction of housing demolition, do not form a joint management of the various departments, and buried mass without containment and eradication.
Clarifying the powers and responsibilities of law enforcement working together can root and cure
The provisions of the regulations on funeral, prohibition of the construction of Tomb in heritage conservation district, public cemeteries in rural areas shall not be other than the villagers provided grave sites in places other than public cemeteries in rural cemetery and buried the remains, built the tomb and rectification by the Home Department.
Zeng Xiangzhong believes that comprehensive Jingjiang buried mass Tomb protected areas of governance issues, is a complex piece of social engineering, not a Department will resolve the recommended work led by the municipal government, to heritage, civil affairs and other departments join forces.
Luo Yi suggested Guilin municipal funeral and interment management regulations should be introduced, to clarify the responsibilities of various departments and related departments to provide law enforcement with applicable regulatory guidance.
Bury the existence of mass graves, a large part of the reason is the lack of cheap public cemetery, private grave is well below prices in operating cemetery. "Should speed up the construction of public welfare cemeteries and sporadic private graves moved to public cemeteries, the renovation of old cemeteries in large, green around the cemetery, built to curb new grave. "Luo Yi said.
Zeng Xiangzhong recommendations, presided over by the land Ministry on the Jingjiang tombs of all the Wild Heritage site, protected area delimitation, and as a basis for land rights and land acquisition, building conservation ecology-the ruins of the wall hedge, Jingjiang Tomb to protect the Wild Heritage sites from vandalism. (End)
Responsible editor: Sun Ailin SN146
Article keywords:Cultural relics protection of private grave
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桂林靖江王陵遭私坟侵蚀 村民推销墓地可盖公章|文物保护|私坟_新闻资讯
新华社南宁4月5日电题：桂林靖江王陵保护区为何被万座私坟侵蚀？
新华社记者唐荣桂、黄浩铭
国家级重点文物保护单位被万座私坟包围，村民成群结队推销墓地还能开具盖有公章的“收据”，交1万多元就能“入驻”皇室风水宝地……
记者日前在广西桂林靖江王陵保护区走访发现，昔日王陵在大量私坟的侵蚀下已变得面目全非，而且呈愈演愈烈之势。
新坟老坟交织 王陵变身“乱葬岗”
广西桂林靖江王陵拥有明朝11世靖江藩王、王妃和将军、大臣的300多座古墓，是现存最大、保存最完好的明代藩王墓群，属于国家级重点文物保护单位。记者4月1日来到位于桂林市东郊尧山西南麓的挂子山村，见到了被私坟侵蚀最为严重的端懿王陵。
根据文物部门提供的资料，端懿王陵占地面积约43亩，原有左右朝房、陵门、神厨神库、碑亭以及守门狮、勇士控马等神道石作仪仗等建筑、石刻。
记者在现场看到，整个王陵已经成为一个杂乱的坟场，既有老坟又有新坟，数千座私坟遍布其间，进入王陵就像走迷宫一般。高3米、直径约8米的端懿王陵土堆上遍布十几座私坟，王陵神道两旁的守门狮、勇士控马等石刻被私坟分隔得七零八落。
在遮挡王陵的围墙上，可以看见“修老坟、葬新坟”字样的广告。村民三五成群地聚集在王陵旁的公路边上，向来人推销坟地。
在王陵的一角，记者见到两位村民正在修建一座新坟，新坟旁边黑色的王陵神道雕塑格外突兀。一位老年妇女主动向记者推销这一片仅剩的2块墓地，每块约占地4 平方米，夹在密密麻麻的私坟之间。她要价1.4万元，包括土地使用、石碑和人工等费用，并表示王陵是风水宝地，这一价格非常合理。她告诉记者这里的土地属 于村集体，可以开具盖有村委会公章的收据，不用担心被拆除。
文物部门曾于2011年对保护区内的乱埋乱葬现象进行调查。调查发现，端懿王陵遗址内私坟数为8349座，整个挂子山村超过1.7万座，乱埋乱葬以端懿王陵遗址为中心，近年来已扩展到周边石山半山腰以上，并逐渐向靖江王陵遗址核心地带蔓延。
乱埋乱葬局面失控 监管缺位整治乏力
桂林市靖江王陵文物管理处副主任曾祥忠介绍，在国家规划建设的7.5平方公里靖江王陵考古遗址公园范围内，乱埋乱葬数在2011年已经有2万多座，并且以每年1000座左右的增幅在继续发展，对靖江王陵遗址及环境风貌造成严重破坏。
“尧山区域内乱埋乱葬的数量达6万-8万座，近两年在尧山发现了很多座占地200平方米的豪华墓，浪费了大量土地，令人痛心。”桂林市殡葬管理处副主任罗逸说。
曾祥忠说，挂子山村的乱埋乱葬有一定的历史原因，在20世纪70年代王陵未被列入文物保护单位前，桂林市就把火葬场建于尧山，同时把端懿王陵遗址作为迁坟 安置坟场。80年代后，随着城市改造的进行，大量私坟被迁入，乱埋乱葬逐渐形成规模。近年来，村集体非法出租、转让、出卖集体土地给建坟者，从中收取一定 比例的所谓的承包费或管理费，助长了乱埋乱葬现象。
曾祥忠表示，文物管理处没有土地权属，也没有执法权，无权清坟，因此处于很尴尬的境地。
罗逸介绍，2006年，桂林市殡葬管理处曾推动市政府出台过清理乱埋乱葬措施，但实施效果不佳，最终不了了之。乱埋乱葬涉及民政、国土、林业、文物等多个 部门，民政部门没有执法权，对于私坟只能由住建部门按照违章建筑拆除，各部门未形成齐抓共管的局面，使得乱埋乱葬得不到根遏制和根除。
厘清权责综合执法 多方合力方能标本兼治
《殡葬管理条例》规定，禁止在文物保护区建造坟墓，农村的公益性墓地不得对村民以外的其他人员提供墓穴用地，在公墓和农村的公益性墓地以外的其他地方埋葬遗体、建造坟墓的，由民政部门责令限期改正。
曾祥忠认为，全面治理靖江王陵保护区乱埋乱葬问题，是一项复杂的社会工程，不是某个部门能够解决的，建议由市政府牵头开展工作，以便文物、民政等部门形成合力。
罗逸建议，桂林市应该出台市一级殡葬管理法规条例，厘清各部门权责，为相关部门执法提供具有可操作性的规范性指导。
乱埋乱葬现象的存在，很大一部分原因在于低价公益性公墓的缺乏，私坟的价格远低于经营性公墓的价格。“应该加快公益性公墓的建设，将零星的私坟迁入公益性墓地，对大片的老坟场进行改造，绿化坟场四周，遏制新坟的修建。”罗逸说。
曾祥忠建议，由国土部门主持对靖江王陵所有野外文物遗址、保护区划进行界限划定，并以此为基础进行土地确权和土地征用，修建保护性生态围墙——遗址绿篱，以保护靖江王陵野外文物遗址免遭人为破坏。（完）
责任编辑：孙爱林 SN146
文章关键词： 文物保护 私坟
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