China Launches satellite to explore space reproduction viability issues | | satellite China News
Original title: humans can do to reproduce in space? Tenth satellite of China practice helps answer
Xinhua Jiuquan on April 6, Reuters new media (reporter Yu Fei Wang Cong Rong Qihan) humans to leave Earth in the future, through the long Star Trek, long term survival in the universe?
Can humans into space to multiply? Born in space will be like?
Spacecraft caught fire do?
Not day and night, four points, and the points of space, flowers will bloom time as home of the Earth? Do you have a different kind of beauty? Do different seed will bear with the Earth?
……
Now maybe it is still too early to answer these questions, but Chinese scientists have carried out in the next two weeks in space of 19 new and interesting experiments, help accumulate and the promotion of relevant knowledge.
6th, located in the Gobi desert in Northwest China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, long second d carrier rocket will practice tenth satellite into space.
This satellite carries waiting for the flowering of rice and Arabidopsis, with graceful fruit flies, thousands of eggs (some of them will hatch in space), the tiny nematode worm, mouse embryos ... ... After the space journey, the "passengers" with the satellite return capsule returned to Earth, landing at siziwang banner of Inner Mongolia, helping scientists reveal effects of microgravity and space radiation on life.
Chinese scientists also intend to practice, tenth in the makeshift laboratory in space, "the fire burning a few"; observe how droplets evaporate, and the bubbles of boiling liquid out ... ...
In addition to the Find method of the future survival of mankind, apply the tenth issue of the scientific experiment will also help humans better life on Earth, such as: drilling for oil more efficiently reduce coal burning pollution; manufacturing in space made out of materials on Earth.
Space science experiment innovative
Chinese Academy of Sciences, the national space science centre, space science satellite project Deputy Director Wu Ji introduced practice tenth is the world's largest single carrying experimental project space satellites. Scientists have used satellite orbit and recovery class, involving microgravity fluid physics, combustion in microgravity, space materials science, space radiation effects, gravitational biological effects, space, biotechnology and other areas of space science experiments, reveals micro-gravity conditions and radiation conditions of physical movement and life activities.
"China to innovation-driven development, there must be knowledge. At present in the field of space science, China is still the use of knowledge. Practice tenth will greatly improve China's micro-gravity Sciences and space life science research level, provide innovative knowledge for future development and utilization of the space environment to promote innovation and development in the field of space science, China is of great significance. "Wu Ji said.
Chief Scientist, academician Hu Wenrui, apply the tenth said: "practical scientific experiments are carried out on the tenth new exploration, are not carried out abroad, each experiment is innovative and strong scientific value, will nurture academic breakthroughs on major issues. ”
Academy of aerospace science and technology group practice introduced tenth satellite Commander Qiu Jiawen, tenth closely around the practice relating to energy, agriculture and health national science and technology strategy, combined with the spacecraft fire, and other key technology needs, promotion of bio-engineering, new materials and other high-tech development and basic research in life science breakthroughs for promoting space micro-gravity Sciences and space life science development is of great significance.
Open space experiment
Practice tenth China's 25th retrievable satellite, is the first large-scale implementation of space micro-gravity experiments by satellite.
Experts, physical phenomena on Earth, are restricted by the Earth's gravity, buoyancy, sedimentation, pressure gradient and so on. In microgravity, the ground is masked by gravity factors became important, so the micro-gravity environment can observe many unique phenomena cannot be observed on Earth.
Will be built around 2020, China station, which can do many microgravity experiments on the space station. So why do scientists have to experiment on the satellite?
Hu Wenrui explain advantages include time in the experiment on the space station, can be controlled, but residual gravitational interference may affect experimental results. Practice tenth satellite is designed specifically for scientific satellites, can provide a lower gravity than space station experiment, more beneficial to some.
Meanwhile, in satellite experiments are done on mobility is better. Some samples I hope nearer the time mounted to the satellite from the launch as possible, for example the experiment of stem cell and bone marrow samples and embryos are only a few hours before launch into the satellite. And, after the end of the experiment, samples with the capsule recovery as soon as possible, take out the analysis.
In addition, the practice tenth both return capsule rail module, some dare not do experiments on the space station, such as combustion, rail tank allows you to complete.
"Recoverable satellite is complementary to the space station, could also play an irreplaceable function of the space station. "Said Hu Wenrui.
Practice tenth scientific applications system architect Kang Qi said, use recoverable satellites for space science experiments, experimental conditions, high levels of micro-gravity, low risk, low cost, experiment with more opportunities in a flight, particularly conducive to international cooperation, it is a very important means of space experiments.
It is reported that the European Space Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency participated in practice on the tenth part of the experiment.
Tenth satellite Zhao Huiguang, Chief Architect introduce the practice, China is the United States, and Russia outside third country to master satellite technology. Practice tenth satellite is China's satellite technology, micro-gravity Sciences and space life science research carried out efficient, short-term space experiments, integrated platform. Tenth, will complete the six areas of practice and 19 scientific experiments, of which 8 fluid physics experiments in the satellite orbit module, 11 other scientific experiments conducted in the recovery tank.
He said that recoverable satellite has unique advantages, many carrying experiments of biology laboratory, life science experiments and science, on-orbit experiments need to be returned to Earth for direct analysis. In addition, samples in space time is not too long, to the space station in the future, once for a long time, so this kind of short, experimental satellite is very suitable to be real.
After 11 years, China satellite
Ding long launch vehicle carried out this mission in the 90 's of the last century, China was specifically designed for launching satellite development.
Institute of aerospace science and technology group of the eighth Commander Tan Xuejun introduced practice tenth delivery systems, long distance, the launch practice tenth on dibutyl launch recoverable satellites have separated by 11 years. Prior to the development of satellite collection points in the mountains of Central Sichuan Suining because there was a relatively small population and the town. But with the rapid economic development of Suining increased density in mountain areas in recent years, for the protection of personal and property safety of the local population, but also for the convenience of satellite search recovery, apply the tenth issue of the collection points to siziwang banner of Inner Mongolia in the past year.
"As a result, the rocket according to the overall parameters of the change made the appropriate adjustments. In addition, to set aside for biological samples before launch time, the rocket fuel ahead of time. "Tan Xuejun said.
For now, Ding has fired 27 times, long second, has 39 satellites into space, keeping the 100% success rate, won the "gold rocket," said. Apply the tenth second d is long, space science, China launched the second series of satellites. Ding successfully at the end of last year, two dark matter particles satellite "monkey" into space this year, developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, quantum and carbon satellites will be launched.
Responsible editor: Wang Hao
Article keywords:China satellite
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中国发射卫星探索人类太空繁衍可行性等问题|卫星|中国_新闻资讯
原标题：人类能到太空繁衍后代吗？中国实践十号卫星有助解答
新华社酒泉4月6日新媒体专电（记者 喻菲 王聪 荣启涵）人类未来能否离开地球，穿越漫漫星际，在宇宙中长期生存？
人类能否到太空中去繁衍后代？在太空诞生的人会是什么样？
宇宙飞船着了火怎么办？
在没了昼夜之分、四季之分、上下之分的太空中，地球之花还会按故乡的时间绽放吗？会有别样的美吗？会结出与地球上不同的种子吗？
……
现在要回答这些问题也许还为时尚早，但中国科学家未来两周在太空中开展的19个新奇又有趣的实验，能帮助积累和增进相关的知识。
6日凌晨，在位于中国西北戈壁滩的酒泉卫星发射中心，长征二号丁运载火箭将实践十号卫星送入太空。
这颗返回式卫星携带了等待开花的水稻、拟南芥，体态轻盈的果蝇，上千只蚕卵（其中一部分将在太空中孵化），细小的线虫，小鼠的胚胎……经过太空旅行后，这些“乘客”将随卫星返回舱重返地球，着陆在内蒙古四子王旗，帮助科学家揭示微重力环境和空间辐射对生命的影响。
中国科学家还准备在实践十号这个临时搭建在太空的实验室里，“烧上几把火”；观察液滴如何蒸发，以及沸腾的液体中冒出的泡泡……
除了寻找人类未来宇宙生存之法，实践十号的科学实验也将有助于人类更好地在地球上生活，例如：更高效地开采石油；减少燃煤污染；在太空制造地球上造不出来的材料。
空间科学实验独具创新
中国科学院国家空间科学中心主任、空间科学卫星工程常务副总指挥吴季介绍，实践十号是世界上单次搭载空间实验项目最多的卫星。科学家利用卫星留轨舱和回收舱，开展涉及微重力流体物理、微重力燃烧、空间材料科学、空间辐射效应、重力生物效应、空间生物技术等领域的多项空间科学实验，揭示微重力条件和空间辐射条件下的物质运动及生命活动规律。
“中国要想创新驱动发展，必须有知识。目前在空间科学领域，中国还只是知识的使用国。实践十号将极大地提高中国微重力科学及空间生命科学研究的整体水平，为未来空间环境的开发利用提供创新知识，对促进中国在空间科学领域的创新发展具有重大意义。”吴季说。
实践十号首席科学家、中科院院士胡文瑞说：“实践十号上开展的科学实验都是全新探索，都是国外没有开展过的，每项实验都具有创新性和很强的科学研究价值，将孕育学术上重大问题的突破。”
航天科技集团五院实践十号卫星总指挥邱家稳介绍，实践十号紧密围绕有关能源、农业和健康等领域国家科技战略目标，结合航天器防火等关键技术需求，促进地面生物工程、新材料等高技术发展和生命科学等基础研究取得突破，对于推动中国空间微重力科学和空间生命科学发展具有重要意义。
开辟太空实验场
实践十号是中国第25颗返回式卫星，也是首颗大规模实施空间微重力实验的卫星。
专家介绍，地球上的物理现象，都受到地球重力的制约，比如浮力、沉降、压力梯度等。在微重力环境下，在地面上被重力掩盖的因素就开始变得重要，因此，微重力环境能观察到很多地球上不可能观测到的独特现象。
中国将于2020年前后建成空间站，届时空间站上可以做很多微重力实验。那么科学家为何还要在返回式卫星上做实验？
胡文瑞解释，在空间站上做实验的优势包括时间长、可以人为控制等，但残余重力的干扰可能给实验结果带来影响。实践十号卫星是专门为科学而设计的卫星，可为实验提供比空间站更低的重力，对一些实验更加有利。
同时，在返回式卫星上做实验机动性更好。一些实验样本希望装到卫星上的时间离发射越近越好，例如这次实验中的干细胞、骨髓样品、胚胎等是在发射前几个小时才装入卫星。并且，在实验结束后，样品能随返回舱尽快回收，取出分析。
此外，实践十号既有返回舱还有留轨舱，一些空间站上不敢做的实验，例如燃烧实验，就可利用留轨舱来完成。
“返回式卫星既是对空间站的补充，也能发挥空间站不可代替的功能。”胡文瑞说。
实践十号科学应用系统总设计师康琦说，利用返回式卫星开展空间科学实验，实验环境好、微重力水平高、风险小、成本低，一次飞行可提供较多的实验机会，特别有利于开展国际合作，是一个非常重要的空间实验手段。
据悉，欧洲空间局和日本宇宙航空研究开发机构参与了实践十号上的部分实验研究。
实践十号卫星总设计师赵会光介绍，中国是继美国、俄罗斯之外第三个掌握返回式卫星技术的国家。实践十号卫星是利用中国成熟的返回式卫星技术，开展微重力科学和空间生命科学研究的高效、短期、综合空间实验平台。实践十号将完成六大领域和19项科学实验，其中8项流体物理试验在卫星留轨舱中进行，其他11项科学试验在回收舱中进行。
他说，返回式卫星有着独特的优势，不少生物实验、生命科学实验和科学搭载实验，在轨实验后都需要返回地面来直接分析资料。此外，样本在太空停留时间不能太长，而要在未来空间站进行，返回一次时间较长，所以这种短期、需实物的实验用返回式卫星非常合适。
时隔11年中国再发返回式卫星
执行这次发射任务的长二丁运载火箭是中国在上世纪90年代专门为发射返回式卫星研制的。
航天科技集团第八研究院实践十号运载系统总指挥谈学军介绍，这次发射实践十号距离长二丁上一次发射返回式卫星已相隔11年。中国之前研制的返回式卫星回收点都在四川中部遂宁山区，因为当时那里人口和城镇相对较少。但随着经济快速发展，近年来遂宁山区人员密度增大，为保护当地百姓的人身和财产安全，同时也为了方便卫星搜寻回收，实践十号的回收点在去年改为内蒙古四子王旗。
“因此，火箭的整体参数也根据这一变化做了相应调整。此外，为了在发射前为装载生物样品预留时间，火箭燃料加注的时间也提前了。”谈学军说。
到目前为止，长征二号丁已经发射了27次，先后将39颗卫星送入太空，保持了百分之百的成功率，赢得“金牌火箭”之称。实践十号是长二丁发射的第二颗中国空间科学系列卫星。长二丁去年底成功将暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空”送入太空，今年还将发射中科院研制的量子卫星和碳卫星。
责任编辑：王浩成
文章关键词： 卫星 中国
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