China launched the first microgravity experiment satellite | | microgravity _ news
On April 6, the tenth satellite carrying practice long second d carrier rocket blasted off. 
This was taken on September 8, 2015 tenth satellite in the practice that you are debugging. 1:38 A.M. Jinghua times yesterday, my first microgravity science experimental satellite--practice tenth recoverable scientific experiment satellite (referred to as "practice tenth"), by a long second d carrier rocket was launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Satellite goes into orbit, mission a complete success.
China is the United States, and Russia third country to master satellite technology outside practice tenth is the 25th of recoverable satellites to be launched. "Is the first large-scale implementation of unmanned space micro-gravity experiments of recoverable scientific satellites. "Tenth satellite of five branches of the China Aerospace Science and technology group practice works Tang Bochang, Chief Architect said.
According to introduced, practice tenth, satellite Yu December 31, 2012 official project, is space science pilot special first science experiment satellite in the only of returns type satellite, main science target is using space in the micro-gravity, special environment, carried out involved micro-gravity fluid physical, and micro-gravity burning, and space material science, and space radiation effect, and gravity biological effect, and space biological technology six big field of 19 items science experiment, main research, and reveals micro-gravity conditions and space radiation conditions Xia material movement and the life activities of law. Total satellite designed to last 15 days, will use sophisticated satellite technology in China according to the scheduled program return to Earth.
At present, space science pilot project is proceeding according to plan has advanced steadily, and space science in China series a starter star satellite in the near future--dark matter particle detection "out out" successful in-orbit delivery units. Quantum scientific experimental satellite and hard x-ray modulation telescope satellite will be launched in 2016, the second half, in the completeness of quantum mechanics test, supermassive black holes and other space science frontiers made significant scientific results.
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Microgravity experiment what is the point?
Uncover obscured by the gravity of the secret
For scientists, space is a good laboratory. Physical phenomena on Earth, are restricted by the Earth's gravity, buoyancy, sedimentation, and so on. In micro-gravity, which is usually said "weightless" environment, able to observe many unique phenomena cannot be observed on Earth.
Practice tenth, Chief Scientist, academician Hu Wenrui, said, in recent years, micro-gravity environment are national research focus areas. Human beings should go into space, you have to research microgravity material which changes occur. Theories of scientists conjecture, and only under micro-gravity environment of space, you can experiment.
"The gravitational field of the Earth is covered in material movement and the law veil on life, not open will not be able to see the nature of the problem. "Of the national space science centre, space science satellite project Deputy Director Wu Ji said," tenth satellite is a high efficiency, short of practice, integrated space experiment platform, its mission is to unlock the secrets of concealed by gravity, and strive to gain a significant scientific breakthrough.
"Practice tenth" how much cattle?
Single most largest pilot project
Introduced Hu Wenrui, at present, only Russia and China's scientific satellite, recoverable satellite technology to. Practice carrying 19 scientific experiments, tenth task, involving 28 scientific experiments, is by far the single space microgravity and life science experiments and most types of satellite missions.
"We will not repeat the experiments of others. "Hu Wenrui says," all tasks is new research, innovative every scientific experiment, there is a strong scientific value, is expected to get the internationally advanced level, with independent intellectual property rights of major scientific and technological achievements. ”
In addition, unlike Russia scientific satellite mission returns to Earth as a whole at the end, practice tenth into rail and return class. "The 19 experiment, 8 fluid physics and combustion experiment in rail tanks and 11 other scientific experiments will be conducted in the recovery tank. "Apply the tenth scientific application satellite systems designer Kang Qi said.
According to reports, the satellite during flight, researchers in the scientific application satellite systems operation Center via video, pictures, see the experiment of the entire process, through access to research data.
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"Practitioner" to do what God wants?
Development of mouse embryo cells how to grow in space
As humanity into space, in the future the mammals can do normal reproduction in space?
--In order to answer this puzzle, practice tenth early embryos in mice on the space. Can it or else the normal development in the space environment? What's different with the ground during its development?
"Our cells in mouse embryos for research, of its culture and microscopic real time tracking to see if it can continue to divide in a micro-gravity environment to 8 cells, 16 cells ... ... Observed under microgravity conditions, development of mammalian embryos can and does on the Earth. "Duan en-CAs's Institute of Zoology researcher said.
Our space "practitioner" is expected to be the world's first space mouse early embryos can develop pictures in real time.
Study on the fire burning under micro-gravity to avoid space accidents
Manned space flight in the process, there are many potential risks threaten the security of spacecraft and astronauts, spacecraft fire incident is the most serious one in the cabin. This "practice" to do another "event", is exploration safer for future manned space flight code for fire protection design and material selection, use the specification.
This practice tenth, plans carried out of "wire insulation layer fire experiment" and "typical non-metal fire experiment", will in special of equipment in the through big current fever or heating silk for introduction burning, observation micro-gravity conditions Xia specific material of fire and burning characteristics, understand environment flow, and oxygen concentration and material shape, factors on flame spread of effect law, and and gravity conditions Xia of burning for compared.
Observing space radiation and microgravity genomic changes
The Mars rescue has been hailed as a survival guide for the Department of space, but attentive viewers will find descriptions of radiation is relatively small. Not space radiation has cracked, but so far has not offers aid to solve the risks of radiation.
In the environment of space, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections of solar energetic particles produced when, there is persistent high energy, strong penetrability of galactic cosmic rays, even dozens of centimeters of aluminum to protection.
At present, countries carrying out space radiation biology research, mainly for risk assessment and find countermeasures. This practice tenth carried 3 biological radiation case, carrying rice seeds, Arabidopsis seeds and samples such as nematodes, study of space radiation-induced genome variation and space radiation damage of molecular networks controlling, establishing radiation risk assessment system, for radiological assessment of the space station and provide the basis for protection.
Xinhua, the Jinghua times, Pan Shanju
Responsible editor: Mao Minmin SN184
Article keywords:Satellites in microgravity
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中国发射首颗微重力实验卫星|卫星|微重力_新闻资讯
4月6日，搭载实践十号卫星的长征二号丁运载火箭升空。 这是2015年9月8日拍摄的正在调试中的实践十号卫星。 京华时报讯昨日凌晨1点38分，我国首颗微重力科学实验卫星——实践十号返回式科学实验卫星（简称“实践十号”），由长征二号丁运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。卫星进入预定轨道，发射任务取得圆满成功。
我国是继美国、俄罗斯之外第三个掌握返回式卫星技术的国家，实践十号是我国发射的第25颗返回式卫星。“也是首颗大规模实施无人空间微重力实验的返回式科学卫星。”中国航天科技集团五院实践十号卫星工程总设计师唐伯昶说。
据 介绍，实践十号卫星于2012年12月31日正式立项，是空间科学先导专项首批科学实验卫星中唯一的返回式卫星，主要科学目标是利用太空中微重力等特殊环 境，开展涉及微重力流体物理、微重力燃烧、空间材料科学、空间辐射效应、重力生物效应、空间生物技术六大领域的19项科学实验，主要研究、揭示微重力条件 和空间辐射条件下物质运动及生命活动的规律。卫星总设计寿命15天，将利用我国成熟的返回式卫星技术按预定程序返回地球。
目前，空 间科学先导专项各项工作正按计划稳步推进，我国空间科学系列首发星——暗物质粒子探测卫星已于近期“满分出师”，顺利在轨交付用户单位。量子科学实验卫星 和硬X射线调制望远镜卫星将于2016年下半年相继发射，争取在量子力学完备性检验、超大质量黑洞等空间科学前沿领域取得重大科学成果。
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微重力实验有什么意义？
揭开被重力掩盖的秘密
对科学家来说，宇宙空间是一个很好的实验室。地球上的物理现象，都受到地球重力的制约，比如浮力、沉降等。在微重力，也就是通常说的“失重”环境下，能观察到很多地球上不可能观测到的独特现象。
实践十号卫星首席科学家、中科院院士胡文瑞说，近年来，微重力环境是各国研究的焦点领域。人类要走向太空，就必须研究微重力环境下物质会发生哪些变化。而科学家们的一些理论猜想，也只有到太空微重力的环境下，才能进行实验验证。
“地 球重力场是盖在物质运动规律和生命活动规律上的面纱，不揭开就无法看到很多问题的本质。”中科院国家空间科学中心主任、空间科学卫星工程常务副总指挥吴季 说，“实践十号卫星是一个高效、短期、综合空间实验平台，它的使命就是揭开被重力所掩盖的科学秘密，力争获得重大科学突破。
“实践十号”到底有多牛？
单次实验项目种类最多
胡文瑞介绍，目前世界上只有俄罗斯和我国把返回式卫星技术运用到科学卫星上。实践十号搭载了19项科学实验任务，涉及28项科学实验研究，是迄今为止单次空间微重力和生命科学实验项目及种类最多的卫星任务。
“我们绝不会重复别人的实验。”胡文瑞说，“所有实验任务都是全新探索，每一项科学实验均具有创新性，有很强的科学研究价值，有望获取具有国际先进水平的、具有自主知识产权的重大科技成果。”
另外，不同于俄罗斯科学卫星是任务结束后整体返回地球，实践十号分为留轨舱和返回舱。“19项实验中，8项流体物理和燃烧实验将在留轨舱进行，其他11项科学试验将在回收舱进行。”实践十号卫星科学应用系统总设计师康琦说。
据介绍，卫星飞行期间，科研人员可以在卫星科学应用系统任务运行中心通过视频、图片看到各项实验的整个过程，通过获得的数据开展研究。
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“实践者”上天要干些啥？
看小鼠胚胎细胞在太空如何生长发育
随着人类走向太空，未来，哺乳动物能在太空正常繁衍吗？
——为了回答这个疑惑，实践十号把小鼠早期胚胎带上了太空。它能否在空间环境下正常分裂、发育？其发育过程与地面有哪些不同？
“我们以小鼠细胞胚胎为研究对象，对其进行培养并显微实时跟踪观察，看它在微重力环境中能否继续分裂到8个细胞、16个细胞……观察在微重力情况下，哺乳动物胚胎能否和在地球上一样正常发育。”中科院动物所研究员段恩奎说。
我们的太空“实践者”还有望在世界上首次获得空间小鼠早期胚胎是否能发育的实时摄影图片。
研究微重力下燃烧避免太空火灾事故
载人空间飞行过程中，存在多种威胁航天器和航天员安全的潜在风险，其中航天器舱内火灾事故是最严重的一种。这次“实践者”要做的另一件“大事”，就是为今后载人空间飞行探索更安全的防火规范和材料选用、使用规范。
这 次实践十号计划开展的“导线绝缘层着火实验”和“典型非金属材料着火实验”，会在特殊的设备中通过大电流发热或加热丝进行引燃，观察微重力条件下特定材料 的着火和燃烧特性，了解环境流动、氧气浓度和材料形状等因素对火焰传播的影响规律，并与重力条件下的燃烧进行对比。
观察太空辐射和微重力下基因组变化
《火星救援》被喻为一部太空生存指南，但细心的观众会发现，里面对辐射的描述相对较少。并不是太空辐射问题已经破解，而是由于至今还没有完备的手段能够解决太空辐射的风险。
太空环境中，既有太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射时产生的太阳高能粒子，也有长期存在的能量高、穿透性强的银河宇宙射线，即使是数十厘米的铝板也难以防护。
目 前各国开展空间辐射生物学研究，主要是进行风险评估和寻找对策。这次实践十号搭载了3个生物辐射盒，携带了水稻种子、拟南芥种子和线虫等样品，研究空间辐 射引起生物基因组变化和空间辐射损伤的分子网络调控，建立辐射风险评估体系，为我国空间站辐射评估和防护提供基础。
京华时报记者潘珊菊新华社
责任编辑：茅敏敏 SN184
文章关键词： 卫星 微重力
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