Report of the Ministry of education: higher education scale in China ranked first in the world
In 2015, Chinese College students reached 37 million people, ranking first in the world; various universities 2852, second highest in the world; the gross 40%, higher than the global average. Expected by 2019, the gross enrollment rate of higher education will reach more than 50%, will enter the stage of higher education popularization in China.
The figures are reported in the report on the quality of higher education in China. The morning of April 7, the Ministry of education released the report on the quality of higher education in China for the first time, the world's first higher education quality "country report".
The Ministry of education also issued 3 reports on the topic, namely, the quality of engineering education in China report, the national teaching quality monitoring reports of newly-built undergraduate colleges and the new achievement – best new University new College eligibility assessment performance report.
Series report highlights data and facts speak for themselves. Reference more than more than 4,000 valuation experts in the development of the quality of evaluation reports, more than 700 universities quality report, based on higher education quality monitoring national data 40duowange data platform, and 20duowanfen special questionnaires, hundreds of in-depth interviews carried out a systematic analysis and statistics.
Wu said the Ministry of higher education teaching evaluation Center Director, compared with when the new China was founded, grew over 310 times times the size of China's higher education, ranking first in the world. At present, the world average in 5 college students, at least one study in Chinese universities.
"New College" accounted for half of
Higher education society of Qu Zhenyuan, China introduced from 2000 to 2015, China's newly-built undergraduate colleges (including College) received 678, total undergraduate Institute of 55.6%. Referring to the newly-established universities since 2000 the Ministry of education approved the establishment of the University.
In terms of layout, newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities mainly in the non-capital cities, regional distribution of China's higher education reasonable. Reports show that as of May 2015, the Chinese capital city in Africa point 208 new University, 51.6% of the total newly-built undergraduate colleges. National currently has 339 and above the city, newly-built undergraduate colleges had 196 cities in which distribution, distribution rate of 57.8%.
And the control of data is that the 1998 National University has 591, one-tenth in Beijing, the one-second concentrated in the 20 largest cities, below ground level and few colleges of the city.
Innovation education in colleges and universities is "weakness"
Compared with the power of higher education in the world, problems still exist in Chinese higher education. Wu introduced, mainly for the "four, one is not high enough."
First, the disciplines set the tuning is not enough, scientific research level and the transfer rate is not high, "short Board" remains a serious problem.
Secondly, innovation personnel training is inadequate, innovation and enterprise education in colleges and universities is "weakness".
Third, high level and creative team of teachers is not enough, lack of educational and practical resources, realize the new spanning from quantity to quality remains a problem.
The four, quality awareness and quality culture is not enough, lack of performance evaluation, many colleges "to" very serious, the teacher evaluation "heavy light teaching and research".
The five, correlation between employment and study is not high, different types of college students ' learning experience and job satisfaction there is imbalance, "differential" is obvious.
, President of the Chinese society of education delivered by Zhong Bing-a former headmaster of Beijing Normal University, he is surging in response to news (www.thepaper.CN) relating to "the gap between Chinese universities and world-class universities," also said that this gap is significant, primarily domestic colleges and universities at the undergraduate level, the spirit of innovation, innovation, innovation is not enough.
Delivered by Zhong bing said, colleges, connotation and do make the school better, this is the most important. He argues that colleges and universities should make efforts in several ways: first, you need to have advanced views on education with the idea of running second, need advanced personnel training model; and, third, need to have excellent human resources; IV, needs to be advanced, the internal governance structure of science; v, needs a good culture, social environment to support.
"These are long, thick product sends thinly. "Delivered by Zhong bing said, whether it's excellent team building and school spirit is an excellent education, studying, are unlikely to gather up the money.
Delivered by Zhong Bing expressed optimism: "all work together. Believe that soon we will have a first-class University stand out. ”
Problems out of touch with social needs speciality in colleges and universities
Correlation between employment and study is not high, it is a big problem in China's higher education. It's one of the reasons, whether it is College when applying for a professional program was too complex for too long, resulting in major lags behind social demands?
Wu answered journalists questions, said the surging, ownership of the speciality in Chinese universities, does not require approval, but some professional record.
He said that professional is basic part of personnel training of colleges and universities, professional, scientific or not is very important for a student job in the future, it is imperative to reform and optimization.
"Learned from the eldest 985, 211 new University, exists in professional settings and social requirements, current situation less closely, disjointed or lag issues. "Wu said," we want resolved through three ways: first, the professional evaluation of the Basic, basic, basic, basic management of teachers. That's the bottom line. Secondly, the Ministry of education in the speciality of national quality standards, hope 80% more professional to be able to reach the national standard in most schools. Third, the focus on the world. If we can make China the 20% of more than more than 50,000 Professional, can reach the world level, on the protection of all our China training quality of talents with international standards in terms of quality. If you can do this three-point, this problem will be greatly improved. ”
"Peking University and Tsinghua University Grants are more reasonable"
With the expansion of higher education in China, the University "hardware" construction and investment also showed growth spurt. Reports indicate that in 2013 compared with 2003, the national total income increased 3.6 times higher education funding, public budget expenditure on education increased by 4.9 times times, college students budget expenditure on education has increased 1.7 times.
However, in terms of financial investment, gap between each school are considerable. During the two sessions this year, President of the national people's Congress, Guizhou University Zheng Qiang said, from 1949 until 2012, 63, received financial support of Guizhou University, but arrived in Zhejiang University 3 months of financial inputs.
Wu said, the University in charge of the subject are not the same, strength is not the same for each province, the gap does exist. "But based on Guizhou University deserves and Zhejiang University, the same amount of funding, first of all, do not, second, it is impossible to do, is not realistic. ”
But Wu believes that Zheng Qiang called on the issue of reasonable. "Our local universities, particularly in remote or underdeveloped areas of the University, to give enough support. It is the responsibility of State and local governments. ”
Journalists say the surging Wu, such as Peking University and Tsinghua University, the Ministry of education affiliated colleges, the Ministry of education has legal responsibility and obligation to provide the funding for education, which are central to funding, to whom is not the Ministry of education, but we should look at who is in charge, who voted and more.
"Peking University and Tsinghua University each year for more, the school also bears a different responsibility, the money gap, which is normal. United States and the United Kingdom universities, universities around the world that not all schools have invested as much. (Peking University and Tsinghua University) assume the strategic responsibility of the State, give more money, is reasonable. "Wu said.
(Editors: Zhong Qinghui UN660)
2016-04-07 17:14:19
Surging
教育部报告：中国高等教育规模居世界第一
2015年，中国在校大学生规模达到3700万人，位居世界第一；各类高校2852所，位居世界第二；毛入学率40%，高于全球平均水平。预计到2019年，高等教育毛入学率将达到50%以上，中国将进入高等教育普及化阶段。
这是《中国高等教育质量报告》公布的数字。4月7日上午，教育部首次发布《中国高等教育质量报告》，这也是世界上首个高等教育质量的“国家报告”。
教育部同时还发布了3本专题报告，即《中国工程教育质量报告》、《全国新建本科院校教学质量监测报告》、《新型大学新成就——百所新建院校合格评估绩效报告》。
系列报告突出用数据和事实说话。研制过程中参考了4000多位评估认证专家的质量评估报告、700多所高等学校质量报告、基于高等教育质量监测国家数据平台的40多万个数据，并对20多万份专门调查问卷、数百人次深度访谈进行了系统分析整理统计。
教育部高等教育教学评估中心主任吴岩表示，与新中国成立时相比，中国高等教育的规模增长超310倍，位居世界第一。目前，全世界平均每5个在校大学生中，至少有1个是在中国高校学习的。
“新建本科院校”占半壁江山
中国高等教育学会会长瞿振元介绍，在2000 年至2015 年间，中国新建本科院校（含独立学院）共678 所，占全国普通本科院校的55.6%。新建本科院校指的是教育部2000年以后批准设立的本科院校。
在布局上，新建本科院校主要分布在非省会城市，中国高等教育区域布局趋向合理。报告显示，截至2015年5月，中国在非省会城市布点的新建本科院校208所，占全部新建本科院校的51.6%。全国现有339个地级及以上城市，新建本科院校已分布于其中的196个城市，布点率达57.8%。
与此对照的数据是，1998年全国本科高校有591所，十分之一在北京，二分之一以上集中在20个大城市，地级及以下城市很少有本科高校。
高校创新创业教育仍是“软肋”
与世界高等教育强国相比，中国高等教育问题依然不少。吴岩介绍，主要表现为“四不够、一不高”。
其一，学科专业设置优化不够，科研水平和成果转化率不高，“短板”问题依然严重。
其二，创新人才培养力度不够，高校创新创业教育仍是“软肋”。
其三，高水平教师和创新团队不够，教学经费和实践资源不足，实现由量到质的新跨越仍是突出问题。
其四，质量意识和质量文化不够，绩效评价不力，不少高校“等靠要”思想还相当严重，对教师评价“重科研轻教学”。
其五，就业与所学专业相关性不高，不同类型院校学生对学习过程体验和就业状况满意度存在不平衡现象，“级差”现象明显。
中国教育学会会长钟秉林曾任北京师范大学校长，他在回答澎湃新闻（www.thepaper.cn）记者关于“中国高校与世界一流名校的差距”时也表示，这方面差距很明显，主要是国内高校在本科阶段，创新精神、创新能力、创新成果还不足。
钟秉林说，对于高校来说，进行内涵建设，踏踏实实把学校办好，这才是最重要的。他认为，高校要在几个方面做出努力：首先，需要有先进的教育观点与办学理念；第二，需要先进的人才培养模式；第三，需要有精良的人力资源；第四，需要要先进的、科学的内部治理结构；第五，需要良好的文化氛围、社会环境来做支撑。
“这些都是长期积累，厚积薄发的过程。”钟秉林说，不管是精良的队伍建设，还是优良的办学传统、学风校风，都不可能用钱堆积起来。
钟秉林乐观地表示：“一起努力吧。相信不久我们就会有一流大学脱颖而出。”
高校专业设置存在与社会需求脱节问题
就业与所学专业相关性不高，是中国高等教育的一大问题。这其中原因之一，是否是高校申请专业时程序太过复杂时间太长，以致专业设置滞后于社会需求？
吴岩回答澎湃新闻记者问题时表示，中国高等学校对专业设置有自主权，不需要审批，但是有的专业需要备案。
他说，专业是高等学校人才培养的基本环节，专业的好坏、科学与否对于一个学生今后就业非常重要，专业改革与优化势在必行。
“从985、211的老大学到新建的大学，专业设置中都存在着与社会要求、现实状况结合不太紧密、脱节或滞后等问题。”吴岩说，“我们想通过三种方式解决：第一，有基本的专业评价，基本的师资、基本的条件、基本的管理。这是底线。第二，教育部在做专业设置的国家质量标准，希望在大部分学校80%以上的专业能够达到国家标准。第三，着眼于世界。如果我们能让中国所办5万多个专业的20%，能够达到世界水平，就保障了我们中国的所有的人才培养质量跟国际在质量方面接轨。如果能做到这三点，这方面的问题就会大为改观。”
“北大清华拨款多一些是合理的”
随着中国高等教育规模扩张，高校“硬件”建设与投入上也呈井喷式增长。报告显示，2013年与2003年相比，全国高校教育经费总收入增加了3.6倍，公共财政预算教育经费增加了4.9倍，高校生均公共财政预算教育支出增加了1.7倍。
不过，在财政投入上，各校之间的差距相当大。今年两会期间，全国人大代表、贵州大学校长郑强曾称，从1949年到2012年，63年期间，贵州大学所获的财政支持，抵不过浙江大学3个月的财政投入。
吴岩对此表示，各高校分管的主体不一样，每个省的实力也不一样，差距是确实存在的。“但是据此得出贵州大学应该得到和浙大同样的经费额度，第一，做不到，第二，也不可能这么做，不现实。”
但吴岩认为，郑强呼吁的问题有其合理性。“我们对地方性大学，尤其是老少边穷或者欠发达地区的大学，要给予足够的支持。这是国家和地方政府共同的责任。”
吴岩对澎湃新闻记者称，比如北大清华，是教育部部属院校，教育部有法律责任和义务给予其教育经费，这是中央财政拨款，并不是教育部要给谁，而是要看主管是谁，谁就投得多。
“北大清华每年投得多，学校也承担着不同的责任，给的钱有差距，这是正常的。美国、英国的大学，全世界的大学也不可能每所学校都投入一样多。它（北大清华）承担的是国家的战略责任，给的钱相对多一些，是合理的。”吴岩说。
(责任编辑：钟庆辉 UN660)
2016-04-07 17:14:19
澎湃