Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin said that China would vigorously pursue climate diplomacy
In today's globalization is developing in depth, depth of interests blend, more and more as you have me, I have your fate in the community. Through international cooperation to meet global challenges, it has become the wise choice. Is a typical global issue of climate change, standing out in the international agenda. On December 12, 2015, the United Nations climate change conference in Paris by the Paris agreement, shows that international cooperation to meet global challenges is not only necessary, but also feasible. As the largest developing country, China will take concrete actions to address climate change, actively and constructively participating in global climate governance, China programme, contribution of Chinese wisdom, show the power of responsible, as well as style. This is comrade XI Jinping as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee to promote the construction of ecological civilization, advocating win-win cooperation as the core of the new international relations, promote and discuss joint construction and sharing of global governance in the field of climate change practice. Climate diplomacy a successful example of China's participation in global governance, is also an important task of China's diplomacy in the new period.
One
Climate change is closely related to human survival and development model, negotiations on global climate governance is not a simple scientific problems. Adopted in 1992, the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change provides a legal framework for international cooperation to deal with climate change, established between developed and developing countries in accordance with common but differentiated responsibility principle of fundamental mechanisms to cope with climate change. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, and the 2012 of the Kyoto Protocol adopted by the Doha amendment for the further implementation of the Convention has actively explored. But the threat of climate change to human society and challenges remain. With the deepening of scientific knowledge, the urgency of the international community to address climate change has continued to improve, countries reflecting the disadvantages on the basis of industrial civilization, and explore future development model and development path. Sustainable development concept popular, becoming a global trend of green and low-carbon development, gradually formed a consensus on cooperation to deal with climate change. This brings new opportunities to advance global climate governance process.
In this context, 2011 Durban Conference on climate change opens a new process of negotiations, planned for 2015 at the Paris Conference a new legal agreement, applicable to all countries after 2020 new mechanisms to address climate change. This prospect of negotiation processes related to the cause of global climate change, about the future of sustainable human development, and concern of the international community. On November 30, 2015, some 150 heads of State or Government attended the opening of the Paris Congress activities, unprecedented, multilateral climate diplomacy to a new climax. After hard negotiations, Paris was finally adopted by consensus by the General Assembly of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change of the Paris agreements. After 2020 the Paris agreement established the basic framework for international cooperation to deal with climate change, the creation of a "national independent contribution" as the core, "bottom up", less flexible patterns of greenhouse gas emissions, opened a new stage for global climate governance. Paris Conference has become an important milestone in the process of global climate governance.
The past ten years, while maintaining the maximum capacity of the developing countries, China has become the world's second-largest economy and largest emitter of greenhouse gases, more unique in the field of climate change.
As China's comprehensive strength, and the construction of ecological civilization continues to advance China's international voice and influence in climate governance continues to rise gradually into the world stage, becoming an integral part of global climate governance key players. Stand in achieving the historical height of domestic development and the common development of mankind, the Chinese Government has more innovation, self-confidence, and actively respond to climate change, international cooperation and constructive participation in the global climate change negotiations, successfully led the historic Paris agreement reached by the General Assembly in Paris, China's contribution to the global climate governance process.
Two
XI Jinping pointed out many times, inseparable from the idea of global governance system changes lead. To promote the development of innovation in global governance, actively exploring Chinese culture positive in savoir and governance with the resonance of the era. November 30, 2015, XI President attended climate changes Paris Assembly opening activities, published entitled together building cooperation total win, and fair of climate changes governance mechanism of important speech, clear proposed "entrants, and cooperation total win", and "pursues rule of law, and fair justice", and "inclusive mutual mirror, and common development" of global governance concept, while advocate and and different, allows States looking for most for national conditions of should of policy. They contain wisdom of Chinese culture, with the demands of the vast number of developing countries and voice resonance resonance, distinct concept of global climate governance with Chinese characteristics.
First, win-win cooperation. The essence of Chinese culture emphasizes "peace and harmony", the pursuit of harmony, peace, cooperation and integration. Based on the traditional Chinese culture, Chinese construction of win-win cooperation as the core of the new international relations. Facing the threat of climate change, the parties should share weal and that "concerns, and self-serving" mentality and you lose, I win the watch zero-sum thinking there will be no way out. China stands for the parties to work together, help each other and jointly meet challenges, and discuss plans to address climate change, maintaining the common interests of mankind. States should also tap the potential of cooperation on climate change, explore the Green and low-carbon development road in line with their respective national conditions.
Second, fairness and justice. Value pursuit of Justice has always been a traditional Chinese culture. Confucius said, "the State-owned home, inequity and unequal." In the Huainan Zi said, "impartially, and alignment of the peoples". Fair political ideals and moral ideal is traditional and fundamental law. On the issue of climate change, the historical responsibilities of developed and developing countries, stages of development and respond to different China adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, stressed that developed countries should provide financial and technical support to developing countries, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries, in order to maintain fairness and justice in the global climate governance.
Third, inclusion and mutual learning. "But different" embodies the wisdom of Chinese culture. Mencius said, "things do not align, love." Circumstances and capacity of States on the issue of climate change is different, it is difficult to use a uniform standard to standard. Therefore, China holds that strengthening dialogue among States, respect for each other's concerns, and allowed States to find the most appropriate to their State of the coping strategy. The Paris agreement finally established "national independent contribution" as the subject, "bottom up" emission reduction mechanisms, embodies this spirit of inclusion.
Three
Guided by this philosophy, China is committed to promoting the construction of win-win cooperation, fair and equitable global climate governance system, firmly safeguard the common interests of the developing countries to continuously strengthen dialogue and cooperation with developed countries to promote the multilateral processes on climate change, the global green development, makes a real contribution to maintaining global ecological security.
China has actively carried out diplomatic climate, provide an impetus for the international multilateral process. Chinese influence into full play, enhance communication and coordination with all parties, favorable factors for the continued mobilization of and accumulated to promote play a key role in the Paris agreement reached on schedule. The past two years, China has with the United Kingdom and the United States, and India, and Brazil, the EU, France, issued a joint declaration on climate change, on strengthening cooperation, promoting multilateral processes on climate change reached a series of consensus, especially in Central America, the consensus in the Sino-French Joint Declaration on climate change, in the final phase of negotiations of the Paris agreements form the basis for parties to seek compromise.
During the Paris Conference, the Chinese delegation in a responsible and constructive attitude, full participation in the negotiation of issues, intensive shuttle diplomacy, support host country France and related work of the United Nations. On one hand, China continued through the "basic group", "share similar positions in developing countries", "the Group of 77 and China" and other negotiating groups, constructive leading role to play in developing countries, maintain unity and common interests of the developing countries. Meanwhile, China and the United States, EU and other developed countries to maintain close communication and seek consensus. China's plan tends to represent the interests of all parties "greatest common divisor", is a practical middle ground. After the end of the Paris Conference, United States President Barack Obama and France President Francois hollande to call President XI Jinping respectively, thanked the Chinese side for promoting Paris success played an important role of the General Assembly, stressed that without China's support and participation, the Paris agreement cannot be reached.
China vigorously promote South-South cooperation, in order to provide best effort support to help developing countries cope with climate change. For the economies of many developing countries and poor infrastructure, vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change threatening problem of weak capacity and, over the years, China through South-South cooperation on climate change for African countries, small island States and least developed countries, improve the ability to provide active support to address climate change. Since 2011, China has invested 410 million Yuan to help dozens of countries to improve climate change infrastructure, the strengthening of capacity-building to address climate change. In September 2015, when attending the United Nations Summit, the President announced that China will set up a China Fund for South-South cooperation on climate change. At the Paris Conference, Chinese President further stated that China is set to launch in 2016, in developing countries, 10 low-carbon model, 100 to mitigate and adapt to climate change project and 1000 places cooperation projects to address climate change. These cooperation initiatives are provided in climate governance of public goods in China, is a selfless Act to help other developing countries. China South-South cooperation in the field of climate change policies and measures, reflects always stand together with other developing countries, China's foreign policy concept that China adhere to the win-win cooperation and common development advocated in international relations.
China to take domestic action and to take the lead on global climate change. As the big emitters, China's effective energy conservation and emissions reduction is the biggest contribution to the global response to the climate change process. XI Jinping has stressed on many occasions is the inherent requirement of sustainable development of China to address climate change, is responsible the international obligations of the country, and not what others want us to do, but what we have to do. China climate change into medium-and long-term plan for national economic and social development, insist on both mitigation and adaptation to climate change, through legal, administrative, technical, marketing and other means to promote the work and achieved remarkable results. 1990-2010, China's cumulative energy saving per cent of the world total energy saving of 58%. China 24% of the total installed capacity of renewable energy world, new installed capacity per cent global increase of 42%. China has become the world's energy-saving and utilization of new and renewable sources of energy for the first nation. In June 2015, China introduced the strengthening action to address climate change--the national autonomous contribution, from 2020 to 2030, China proposes action to address climate change objectives, path and policy measure. Chinese Government's commitment to be carbon dioxide emissions peak around 2030 and strive for an early realization of 2030 carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP lower than in 2005-65% 60%, proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to around 20%, forest volume increase of about 4.5 billion cubic meters over 2005. Proceeding from China's stage of development and current conditions, control and other developed carbon footprints of history, China's action targets large, difficult, hard unusual efforts to achieve. China practice green and low carbon development concept, become active participants in the global cause of environmental protection and sustainable development and promoters.
Four
The Paris agreement for 2020 laid the basis for international cooperation to deal with climate change after, passing the determination and confidence of the parties to promote low carbon transformation. But not because of the Paris agreement reached on climate change and settled immediately. Climate change is a long-term arduous historical task, needs to make arduous efforts of several generations. As the Chinese President pointed out in his opening address at the Paris Conference, "the Paris agreement is not the end, but a new beginning." All members of the international community should continue to work together, strengthen communication and cooperation and jointly promote the effective implementation of the Paris agreements, promoting the cause of international climate change forward.
The future, China will continue to practice the Chinese diplomatic philosophy, take an active part in global climate governance process, vigorously carry out climate diplomacy, promoting the early entry into force and implementation of the Paris agreements, deepening the international dialogue and cooperation in the field of climate change. Meanwhile, in a responsible manner, bravely assumed moral, will make stronger South-South cooperation on climate change. China will also strengthen the construction of ecological civilization in China, persist in innovation, coordination, green, open, shared vision of development through scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, implementation of the optimization of the industrial structure, establish a national carbon emissions trading market, a series of policies and measures, forming modernization pattern of harmonious development between man and nature, in order to contribute more to the future of mankind. (Author Liu Zhenmin: Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs)
(Editors: Zhong Qinghui UN660)
2016-04-08 20:34:53
Surging
外交部副部长刘振民：中国将大力开展气候外交
在全球化深入发展的今天，各国利益深度交融，越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。通过国际合作应对全球性挑战，已经成为各国的明智选择。气候变化是典型的全球性议题，在国际议程中地位突出。2015年12月12日，联合国气候变化巴黎大会成功通过《巴黎协定》，表明国际合作应对全球性挑战不仅必要，而且可行。作为最大的发展中国家，中国采取切实行动应对气候变化，积极、建设性参与全球气候治理，提出中国方案，贡献中国智慧，展现了负责任、有担当的大国风范。这是以习近平同志为总书记的党中央推进生态文明建设、倡导以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系、弘扬共商共建共享的全球治理理念在气候变化领域的具体实践。气候外交成为中国参与全球治理的成功典范，也是新时期中国外交的重要课题。
一
气候变化与人类生存和各国发展模式密切相关，围绕全球气候治理的谈判从来就不是一个简单的科学问题。1992年通过的《联合国气候变化框架公约》为国际合作应对气候变化提供了法律框架，确定了发达国家与发展中国家按照共同但有区别的责任原则应对气候变化的基本机制。1997年通过的《京都议定书》和2012年通过的《〈京都议定书〉多哈修正案》为进一步落实《公约》作出了积极探索。但气候变化给人类社会带来的威胁与挑战依然存在。随着科学认知的不断深入，国际社会应对气候变化的紧迫感持续增强，各国在反思工业文明弊端的基础上，不懈探索人类未来发展模式和发展道路。可持续发展理念不断深入人心，绿色低碳发展渐成全球潮流，合作应对气候变化逐步形成共识。这为推进全球气候治理进程带来了新契机。
在此背景下，2011年气候变化德班会议开启了新的谈判进程，计划在2015年的巴黎大会上达成新的法律协议，建立适用于所有国家的2020年后应对气候变化新机制。这一谈判进程关系到全球应对气候变化事业的前景，关系到人类可持续发展的未来，国际社会高度关注。2015年11月30日，约150个国家元首或政府首脑出席了巴黎大会开幕活动，盛况空前，将多边气候外交推向新的高潮。经过艰苦谈判，巴黎大会最终协商一致通过了《〈联合国气候变化框架公约〉巴黎协定》。《巴黎协定》确立了2020年后国际合作应对气候变化的基本框架，创立了以“国家自主贡献”为核心、“自下而上”、相对宽松灵活的温室气体减排模式，开启了全球气候治理的新阶段。巴黎大会也因此成为全球气候治理进程的一座重要里程碑。
过去十年来，在保持最大发展中国家身份的同时，中国成为全球第二大经济体和最大温室气体排放国，在气候变化领域的国际地位日益独特。
随着中国综合实力不断增强、生态文明建设持续推进，中国在气候治理领域的国际话语权和影响力持续上升，逐步迈向世界舞台中央，成为全球气候治理不可或缺的重要参与方。站在实现国内发展转型和人类共同发展的历史高度，中国政府更加开拓创新、自信进取，积极应对气候变化问题，建设性参与全球气候变化国际合作和谈判，成功促成巴黎大会达成历史性的《巴黎协定》，为全球气候治理进程作出了中国贡献。
二
习近平主席多次指出，全球治理体制变革离不开理念的引领。要推动全球治理理念创新发展，积极发掘中华文化中积极的处世之道和治理理念同当今时代的共鸣点。2015年11月30日，习近平主席出席气候变化巴黎大会开幕活动，发表题为《携手构建合作共赢、公平合理的气候变化治理机制》的重要讲话，明确提出“各尽所能、合作共赢”、“奉行法治、公平正义”、“包容互鉴、共同发展”的全球治理理念，同时倡导和而不同，允许各国寻找最适合本国国情的应对之策。这些主张蕴含中华文化智慧，同广大发展中国家的诉求与呼声共鸣共振，形成具有鲜明中国特色的全球气候治理观。
一是合作共赢。中国文化的精髓强调“和合”，追求和谐、和平、合作、融合。基于中国的传统文化，中国提出构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系。面对气候变化威胁，各方应休戚与共，“事不关己、高高挂起”的旁观心态和你输我赢的零和思维都不会有出路。中国主张各方通力合作，同舟共济，共迎挑战，共商应对气候变化大计，维护全人类的共同利益。各国还应挖掘气候变化合作潜力，探索符合各自国情的绿色低碳发展道路。
二是公平正义。公平正义一向是中国传统文化的价值追求。孔子说，“有国有家者，不患寡而患不均”。《淮南子》中说，“公正无私，一言而万民齐”。公平的政治理想和道德理想是传统社会的根本法则。在气候变化问题上，发达国家和发展中国家的历史责任、发展阶段和应对能力不同，中国坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，强调发达国家应向发展中国家提供资金和技术支持，保障发展中国家的正当权益，正是为了维护全球气候治理中的公平正义。
三是包容互鉴。“和而不同”体现了中国文化的大智慧。孟子说，“物之不齐，物之情也”。各国在气候变化问题上的国情和能力都不同，很难用一个统一标准去规范。因此，中国主张各国间加强对话，尊重各自关切，允许各国寻找最适合本国国情的应对之策。《巴黎协定》最终确立的以“国家自主贡献”为主体、“自下而上”的减排机制，正是这种包容精神的体现。
三
在上述理念的指引下，中国致力于推动构建合作共赢、公平合理的全球气候治理体系，坚定维护发展中国家的共同利益，不断加强同发达国家对话合作，为推动气候变化多边进程、倡导全球绿色发展、维护全球生态安全作出了实实在在的贡献。
中国积极开展气候外交，为国际多边进程提供推动力。中国充分发挥大国影响力，加强与各方沟通协调，不断调动和累积有利因素，为推动如期达成《巴黎协定》发挥关键作用。近两年，中国先后同英国、美国、印度、巴西、欧盟、法国等发表气候变化联合声明，就加强气候变化合作、推进多边进程达成一系列共识，尤其是中美、中法气候变化联合声明中的有关共识，在《巴黎协定》谈判最后阶段成为各方寻求妥协的基础。
巴黎大会期间，中国代表团以负责任和建设性姿态，全方位参与各项议题谈判，密集开展穿梭外交，支持配合东道国法国和联合国方面做好相关工作。一方面，中国继续通过“基础四国”、“立场相近发展中国家”、“77国集团加中国”等谈判集团，在发展中国家中发挥建设性引领作用，维护发展中国家的团结和共同利益。另一方面，中国与美国、欧盟等发达国家保持密切沟通，寻求共识。中国提出的方案往往代表了各方利益的“最大公约数”，是切实可行的中间立场。在巴黎大会结束后，美国总统奥巴马和法国总统奥朗德分别给习近平主席打电话，感谢中方为推动巴黎大会取得成功发挥的重要作用，强调如果没有中方的支持和参与，《巴黎协定》不可能达成。
中国大力推进南南合作，为帮助发展中国家应对气候变化提供力所能及的支持。针对不少发展中国家经济和基础设施落后、易受气候变化不利影响威胁且应对能力薄弱的问题，多年来，中国通过开展气候变化南南合作为非洲国家、小岛屿国家和最不发达国家提高应对气候变化能力提供了积极支持。自2011年以来，中国先后投入4.1亿元人民币帮助数十个国家改善应对气候变化基础设施、加强应对气候变化能力建设。2015年9月，习近平主席在出席联合国有关峰会时宣布中国将设立中国气候变化南南合作基金。巴黎大会上，习近平主席进一步表示，中国将于2016年启动在发展中国家开展10个低碳示范区、100个减缓和适应气候变化项目及1000个应对气候变化培训名额的合作项目。这些合作倡议是中国在气候治理领域提供的公共产品，是无私帮助其他发展中国家的义举。中国在气候变化领域的南南合作政策和措施，体现了中国始终同广大发展中国家站在一起的外交理念，表明了中国坚持合作共赢、共同发展的国际关系主张。
中国切实采取国内行动，为全球应对气候变化作出表率。作为排放大国，中国卓有成效的节能减排行动是对全球应对气候变化进程的最大贡献。习近平主席多次强调，应对气候变化是中国可持续发展的内在要求，也是负责任大国应尽的国际义务，这不是别人要我们做，而是我们自己要做。中国把应对气候变化融入国家经济社会发展中长期规划，坚持减缓和适应气候变化并重，通过法律、行政、技术、市场等多种手段全力推进各项工作，取得了显著成果。1990至2010年间，中国累计节能量占全球累计节能量的58%。目前中国可再生能源装机容量占全球总量的24%，新增装机占全球增量的42%。中国已经成为世界节能和利用新能源、可再生能源的第一大国。2015年6月，中国提交了《强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献》，提出了中国2020年至2030年应对气候变化行动目标、实现路径和政策措施。中国政府承诺将于2030年左右二氧化碳排放达到峰值并争取早日实现，2030年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降60%—65%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到20%左右，森林蓄积量比2005年增加45亿立方米左右。从中国发展阶段和现实国情出发，对照欧美等发达国家碳排放历史足迹，中国的上述行动目标力度大、难度高，需要付出艰苦异常的努力才能实现。中国用自身行动践行绿色低碳发展理念，成为全球环境保护与可持续发展事业的积极参与者和推动者。
四
《巴黎协定》奠定了2020年后国际合作应对气候变化的基础，传递了各方推动绿色低碳转型的决心和信心。但气候变化问题不会因为《巴黎协定》达成而立刻得到解决。应对气候变化是一项长期艰巨的历史任务，需要几代人付出艰苦努力。正如习近平主席在巴黎大会开幕式讲话中指出，“巴黎协议不是终点，而是新的起点”。国际社会所有成员应继续携手努力，加强沟通与合作，共同推动《巴黎协定》有效实施，促进国际应对气候变化事业向前发展。
未来，中国将继续践行中国特色大国外交理念，以积极姿态参与全球气候治理进程，大力开展气候外交，推动《巴黎协定》早日生效和落实，深化气候变化领域国际对话与合作。同时，以负责任的态度，勇担道义，将气候变化南南合作做实做强。中国也将加强国内生态文明建设，坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，通过科技创新和体制机制创新，实施优化产业结构、建立全国碳排放交易市场等一系列政策措施，形成人与自然和谐发展的现代化建设新格局，为全人类美好未来作出更大贡献。（作者刘振民：外交部副部长）
(责任编辑：钟庆辉 UN660)
2016-04-08 20:34:53
澎湃