Jin Sha Jiang You the most intelligent dam: "slight illness" telling you
On June 23, the xiluodu hydroelectric power station water to 540 m elevation.
The xiluodu dam, is located in the junction of leibo County in Sichuan province and yongshan County in Yunnan province on the jinsha River, dam Crest elevation 610 m, maximum height 285.5 metres, ranks third in the world has built dams.
In addition to taller than other dam height, body weight, "it is the world's most intelligent dam, a slight illness will tell you in a timely manner. "Original Zhang Chaoran, Chief Engineer of the Chinese Academy of engineering, the three gorges group said.
Most complex hydraulic structures
Xiluodu dam is a concrete double curvature arch dam, from the perspective of horizontal, vertical, and are vaulted. Such a design, determined by the local hydrological and geological conditions, and has brought many of the world's toughest problems.
Zhang Chaoran, hydraulic territories in arch dam is considered the most complex of buildings.
He explained that the xiluodu dam built in the main stream of the Yangtze River, both, Highland high arch dam earthquake, high head and large discharge characteristics: its seismic fortification criterion, the dam wall discharge, discharge power are among the first in the super high arch dam in the world, River hydro-geological conditions and structural complexity is also the highest arch dam in the world, only to thrust a, up to 14 million tons. Meanwhile, it is also the world's only underground cavern excavation material of high arch dam of coarse aggregate, cracking properties of concrete materials and weak. Thus, construction of facing concrete temperature control and crack prevention, the riverbed dam weak lower unloading rock mass based processing, extension of basic structure of the dam safety, construction safety in flood season and a series of technical challenges.
Entity dam and digital dam building
As an owner, group of the three gorges despite the world number one project--the three gorges hydropower project construction experience, but in a complex of high arch dam construction technology and management and on reserves of experience, remains "the white one".
Policy response, the beginning of construction, dam and proposed entity "digital dam" system model of building--through a unified, platform, interface, the whole process of collecting covers the entire professional real-time data of dam-building, with the rising of concrete dam, the virtual "digital dam" also continue to grow.
"Digital dams ' role, it boils down to collect construction parameters, and according to a certain logic for processing, for final assessment, early warning. Meanwhile, substantial construction and engineering data to the analysis of the Scientific Research Institute, used to guide production. "Chen Wenfu, Director of xiluodu dam project engineering construction are presented.
Said Zhang Chaoran, a process-wide, comprehensive, life-cycle simulation system, 10, 20, even 100 years later, can be mastered through simulation of dam life.
Has a wealth of data
285.5 metres in height in xiluodu dam, reporters found that every once in a while there will be a box for about 15 cm square, inside packed wound around the head. Asked about xiloudu hydropower project management professional teacher Wu Kun, he explained that a total of 30 threads in the box, "corresponding to 30 thermometer".
It turns out that quality is the most critical factor determining concrete strength and temperature. Omni-directional sense temperature on various parts of the dam, they dam more than 2000 multiple positions, every bunker buried two thermometers. Similarly, dam or "ambush" over more than 2000 other types of monitoring instruments, such as displacement, stress, etc. "Those responsible bare head is equivalent to the body sensing neurons ' Synapse", and other key data in real time to the computer terminal temperature constitutes a "digital dam" of the nervous system.
Chen Wenfu introduced in concrete pouring process, for example, the system according to the characteristics of various types of data, collection means have different modes: mixing plant production data, cable transport for automated data collection and import to avoid manual intervention with additional operations; management of dam construction and temperature control, there is a large amount of data traditional artificial measurement. But the latter by means of portable data acquisition instrument, can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy.
"A case study of concrete temperature, buried in the face of a lot of the thermometer, you need to use special instruments for data collection one by one. Technician uniform barcode encoding for acquisition targets, fast for fast scanning and data entry, minimizes the possibility of errors. ”
"Raw materials to mixing, to a horizontal, vertical, transport, then to deck vibration, temperature control, at home and abroad, and no such as the xiluodu dam, has such a wealth of data". 2013 quality of the three gorges project after the expert group checked to the xiluodu, also marveled at the "number of xiluodu arch dam construction, intelligent building to create intelligent construction of high dam......"
"Digital dam" to "intelligent dam" across
"The so-called ' digital Dam ' refers to all of the data can be collected in the course of construction and ' smart Dam ' was able to collect data for analysis and processing, trend and forecasting and control. "The xiluodu dam project Zhou Shaowu, Deputy Director of the Department of engineering construction, sums it up so" smart "the intellectual progress of the dam. In his view, the "smart dam" intelligence--including four aspects of self perception, data analysis, intelligent and self adjustment.
He shows reporters a system of smart phones at the warehouse function--it's a data handler installed on the Smartphone, both at the construction site and the Office, as long as the 3G or wireless network, you can log on to the system. Supervision in the field via mobile phone to submit various types of data, managers in real time in monitoring the operation of the Office and the quality and safety issues.
Zhou Shaowu introduced, Brook Los du "digital dam" construction early, system function main to collection and analysis mainly, to control supplement; construction medium-term, began focused on information monitoring and control of combined; to has late, in automatically collection of based Shang, development has to intelligent control mainly of more items system, formed has to intelligent arch dam construction and run information platform (iDam) for intelligent of platform, to intelligent temperature control, and intelligent vibration pound and digital grouting, equipment for intelligent control core device of dam intelligent of construction management system, Initial implementation "digital dam" to "intelligent dam" across.
In January of this year, "the 300 meters and key technologies of intelligent construction of xiluodu arch dam" was awarded the second prize of national scientific and technological progress. At present, the xiluodu hydropower station when security power breakthrough 130 billion-kilowatt new threat definitions.
(Editors: Hao Long UN654)
2016-04-10 08:40:39
Surging
金沙江有最聪明大坝：“头疼脑热”自己告诉你
6月23日，溪洛渡水电站蓄水至540米高程。
溪洛渡大坝，坐落于四川省雷波县和云南省永善县交界的金沙江上，坝顶高程610米，最大坝高285.5米，在世界已建成大坝中排名第三。
除了比其他大坝身高更高、体量更大，“它还是世界上最聪明的大坝，一有头疼脑热就会及时告诉你。”中国工程院院士、三峡集团原总工程师张超然如是说。
水工界最复杂的建筑物
溪洛渡大坝为混凝土双曲拱坝，从横向、纵向看，都是拱形。这样的设计，由当地水文、地质条件综合决定，却带来诸多世界级难题。
张超然表示，拱坝被认为水工界最复杂的建筑物。
他介绍，溪洛渡大坝建于长江干流，兼具高拱坝、高地震区、高水头、大泄流量等特点：其地震设防标准、坝身泄洪流量、泄洪功率均位居世界特高拱坝之首，河床水文地质条件和大坝结构复杂程度亦为世界拱坝之最，仅水推力一项，就达1400万吨。同时，它还是世界唯一采用地下洞室开挖料作为全坝粗骨料的特高拱坝，混凝土本体材料抗裂特性偏弱。由此，施工中面临混凝土温控防裂、河床坝段弱卸荷下限岩体基础处理、扩大基础坝体结构整体安全、工程安全度汛等一系列技术挑战。
实体大坝和数字大坝同筑
作为业主，三峡集团尽管已有世界水电头号工程——三峡工程成功建设经验在先，但在复杂高拱坝建设的技术、管理和经验储备上，仍是“白纸一张”。
应对之策，即工程建设之初，就提出实体大坝和“数字大坝”建设同步——通过统一的三维系统模型、平台、接口，全过程采集覆盖整个大坝建设各专业的实时信息数据，随着混凝土大坝的不断上升，虚拟的“数字大坝”也不断成长。
"数字大坝’的作用，归根结底就是收集施工过程参数，并按一定逻辑关系进行处理，用于最终评估、预警。同时，提供大量的施工和工程数据给科研院所进行仿真分析，用来指导生产。”溪洛渡工程建设部大坝项目部主任陈文夫介绍。
张超然说，这样一套全过程、全方位、全生命周期的仿真系统，10年、20年、甚至100年后，都可以通过仿真计算来掌握大坝的生命。
拥有丰富的数据
在285.5米高的溪洛渡大坝坝顶，记者发现，每隔一段就有一个约15厘米见方的盒子，里面密密麻麻缠绕着线头。问及溪洛渡水电站工程管理部专业师邬昆，他解释，盒子里一共有30根线头，“对应着30支温度计”。
原来，决定混凝土强度和质量的最关键因素是温度。为全方位实时感知大坝各部位温度，他们在坝体分了2000多个仓，每仓埋有两支温度计。与此类似，坝体里还“埋伏”有2000多台其他各类监测仪器，如多点位移计、应力计等。“那些裸露的线头相当于负责肌体感应的神经元‘突触"，把温度等要害数据实时传送到电脑终端，构成“数字大坝”的神经系统。
陈文夫以混凝土浇筑过程为例介绍，系统针对各类数据的特点，采集手段有不同模式：拌和楼生产数据、缆机运输数据实现了自动采集和导入，避免人工干预与额外操作；而大坝浇筑及温控管理中，有大量数据需要传统的人工测量。但后者借助现场手持式数据采集仪器，可大幅提高工作效率和准确性。
“以混凝土测温为例，埋设在仓面中的大量温度计，需要使用专用仪器一一进行数据采集。技术人员对采集目标作统一的条码编码，实现快速扫描定位和数据的快速录入，最大程度减少出错的可能性。”
“原材料到拌和楼，到水平、垂直运输，再到仓面振捣、温控，在国内外，没有哪个大坝像溪洛渡这样，拥有如此丰富的数据”。2013年三峡枢纽工程质量专家组到溪洛渡检查后，亦惊叹于“溪洛渡拱坝数字建设、智能化建设开创了我国智能高坝建设的先河……”
“数字大坝”向“智能大坝”跨越
“所谓‘数字大坝’，主要是指施工过程中的所有数据都能采集；而‘智能大坝’则是能对采集到的数据作分析、处理，并进行趋势判断和预测预控。”溪洛渡工程建设部大坝项目部副主任周绍武如此概括这座“聪明”大坝的智力进步。他认为，“智能大坝”的智能性主要包括四个方面——自我感知、数据分析、智能判断和自我调整。
他特意向记者现场演示了系统的智能手机盯仓功能——这是一个安装在智能手机上的数据处理程序，无论是在施工现场还是办公室，只要有3G或者无线网络，就能登录系统。监理在现场通过手机提交各类数据，管理人员在办公室实时了解现场的作业情况和质量安全问题。
周绍武介绍，溪洛渡“数字大坝”建设初期，系统功能主要以采集和分析为主，以控制为辅；建设中期，开始注重信息监测和控制的结合；到了后期，在自动采集的基础上，开发了以智能控制为主的多项系统，形成了以智能拱坝建设与运行信息化平台（iDam）为智能化平台，以智能温控、智能振捣和数字灌浆等成套设备为智能控制核心装置的大坝智能化建设管理系统，初步实现了“数字大坝”向“智能大坝”的跨越。
今年1月，“300米级溪洛渡拱坝智能化建设关键技术”荣获国家科技进步二等奖。目前，溪洛渡水电站已累计安全发电突破1300亿千瓦时。
(责任编辑：郝龙 UN654)
2016-04-10 08:40:39
澎湃