"Two bombs and one satellite," Wang Xiji, the meritorious winner: 94 years old "a"-two bombs and one satellite, rocket-IT information
"Two bombs and one satellite" merit winner Wang Xiji 94 is still "the creation"
Units of security says he came to work every day, "not sick, it doesn't rain by 8:30 sure to. Unimaginable 94 years old man has so much momentum. ”
Five technical advisers of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, China's first sounding rocket technology head, long March launch vehicle, first under the auspices of technical programmes, the Chief Designer of China's first satellite, and "two bombs and one satellite" meritorious winner, Grand Prize of national scientific and technological progress Award twice ... ...
China Aerospace, Wang Xiji remarkable feats.
A globe, a resource satellite map, Wang Xiji, the Office, in addition to space-related information products, and almost nothing else. The applications of space science and the missiles of the world encyclopedia books code over a wall bookcase; a few stacks on the table SPACE NEWS and other Chinese and foreign periodicals stacked a foot high.
His hand there is always a small, remember the dense, put a note on every few pages.
This is Wang Xiji returned its 67th year.
President Cleveland
Space, is not the original dream.
The spring of 1950, 29, Virginia power and fuel master Wang Xiji, refusing for several United States "on the big" power plants offer, returned on the East ", President Cleveland" cruise. He plans to return to business, "building big power plants, the fundamental solution to China's industrial development problems! ”
Wang Xiji "plant a dream" had not been achieved, countries need to take his eyes from the sea toward the sky. To change his fate, the red flag articles survived across the ocean, a plan that shocked the world.
On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union put the first satellite on the day, shocked the whole world. In 1958, Mao called for "we're going to have satellite."
After the was removed, 37 years old, Wang Xiji, was transferred to the Shanghai mechanical and electrical Design Institute (now the Academy of China Aerospace Science and technology group 508), led a team with an average age of 21 years old, never seen a young rocket technology team, served as China's first space generation "guest".
Only human
"670 of the last century, the national" headlines ", satellite researchers can be really clear, in accordance with the conditions at the time, launch to send satellite rocket is almost impossible. "Wang Xiji said.
No technology, no data, no foreign aid!
"Wang Xiji" does not have the expertise in rocket, had no previous experience and no real grasp. China's space industry to get started?
"Only the people, nothing else. "Wang Xiji swing left, Word up.
"At that time by two, it is policy to focus on doing big things, second, then a summary of ' developed ' spirit. "He recalled those pioneering days, we cannot imagine what it is today.
It was after the founding of the most difficult times, eats the almost mushy porridge, "Wang Xiji" by "indigenous" feeling the Stones River.
Starting from the easiest sounding rocket, overcoming aerodynamic drag to fly first, then go to space.
Don't understand the school!
Study abroad academic training and a strong theoretical basis, so by analogy is not so difficult. And many of them on thermodynamics, fuel, aerodynamics, structural mechanics and theory of turbine and other aspects of knowledge, a lack of knowledge of the main rocket, as well as the utilization of many knowledge of practical work experience.
There is no computer? Abacus, slide rule, hand-cranked calculators, completed all computing tasks. Room a hand calculator, calculation papers piled higher than the table, 24-hour shifts, for about a month, only a ballistic.
How rough is the rocket launch site? Only a launcher, command post by sandbags piled, rocket propellant pump, generator and force borrowing, antenna man go ... ...
--This can be?
--This can be!
As down as possible more brilliant
Wang Xiji, China team finally succeeded in launching its first modern T-7M of liquid-propellant sounding rockets.
Age of 44 years, "long first" launch vehicle successfully will be China's first satellite "dongfanghong first" sent to heaven.
54 years old that year, China's first satellite, lifted off and successfully returned to Earth.
Age of 82 years, "Shenzhou fifth" the successful launch of a manned spacecraft, China became the third country to master manned spaceship technology in the world.
……
More than half a century later, completed China's space industry has grown from nothing to strong miracle transformation, Wang Xiji was long from the rocket's "layman" become the aerospace sector. Behind the success and glory, and painful lessons, also had to defend the truth in the past.
In 1960, Wang Xiji is responsible for three rocket launch a series of setbacks. In one case, because weather catastrophe, have launched regular rocket being blown over.
"Sad Ah! So much effort! More than silence, a lot of people crying. "Wang Xiji organization said:" I am the Technical Director, to disciplinary punishment to me, not the responsibility of others...... "
"According to China's situation to decide things, even to us, who through failures and get experience. "Said Wang Xiji, way to go conform to the actual conditions of China's space activities, not instant success, not with foreign run, to seek fame, tangible benefits.
18 sounding rockets in China, 12 of which are held by Wang Xiji heads of models developed. Sounding rocket for launch vehicles, satellites, meteorological rocket, sky rocket, biological research rocket and spacecraft has contributed greatly. China's manned space no bigger animal testing and save a lot of time. Precisely because Wang Xiji entrepreneurial teams in the 60 rockets have been a dog's test for the organism.
Curmudgeon
"On technical issues not majority, but must respect the law. "Wang Xiji no less as a" minority ", no less telling people" wanted to say but dare not say. "
80 's of last century, China's manned space project started, most people's advice is to closely follow the international trend of development for reusable space shuttles. For this reason, Wang Xiji specially written entitled the reuse is not all of the economic long paper, pointed out that expensive space shuttle does not meet the conditions, his views gradually leads the industry experts to develop manned spacecraft's direction.
Not afraid of offending people, the stubborn old man arguing with superiors more than once: "all the officials make mistakes, and not all of the people to bear the consequences? ”
Born in 1921, younger than the Communist Party of China only a few days old, who is still "off" rhythm.
He goes to work every day, read the "Thirteen-Five plan", concerned with "made in China" 2025 ". About his new projects this year--"the Internet + space", speaking of space to serve national defense service economy and people's livelihood in the Internet era, Wang Xiji speed unhappy, but clear words.
This is the first generation of new China's science and technology "the creation".
“两弹一星”功勋获得者王希季：94岁老“创客” - 两弹一星,火箭 - IT资讯
“两弹一星”功勋获得者王希季94岁仍是“创客”
单位的保安说，他每天都来上班，“不生病、不下雨的话，八点半前肯定到。难以想象94岁的人还有这么大的劲头。”
中国航天科技集团公司五院技术顾问、中国第一枚探空火箭技术负责人、主持长征一号运载火箭的技术方案、中国第一颗返回式卫星的总设计师、“两弹一星”功勋获得者、两次获得国家科技进步奖特等奖……
对中国航天，王希季功勋卓著。
一台地球仪、一幅资源卫星地图，王希季的办公室里，除了和航天有关的资料用品，别的几乎什么也没有。《空间科学应用》《世界导弹大全》类的书籍码满一墙书柜；桌上几摞《SPACE NEWS》等中外期刊堆得一尺高。
他的手边总有一个小本，记得密密麻麻，每隔几页贴个便笺。
这是王希季归国的第67年。
克利夫兰总统号
航天，原本并不是最初的梦想。
1950年春，29岁的弗吉尼亚理工大学动力及燃料专业硕士王希季，拒绝了好几个美国“高大上”电厂的录取通知，踏上驶回东方的“克利夫兰总统号”邮轮。他计划着回国创业，“建立大电厂，解决中国工业发展的根本问题！”
王希季的“电厂梦”没有实现，国家的需要把他的目光从大海指向天空。改变他命运的，是在红旗漫卷的大洋彼岸，一个震惊世界的大计划。
1957年10月4日，苏联把人类第一颗卫星送上了天，轰动整个世界。1958年，毛主席号召“我们也要搞人造卫星”。
几经辗转，37岁的王希季，被调到上海机电设计院(现为中国航天科技集团五院五0八所)，带领一支平均年龄只有21岁、根本没见过火箭的年轻技术队伍，充当起中国航天第一代“创客”。
只有人
“上世纪六七十年代，全国都在“放卫星”，可真正放卫星的科研人员清楚，依照当时条件，发射能送卫星上天的火箭几乎不可能。”王希季说。
没技术，没资料，没外援！
“王希季们”不具备火箭方面的专业知识，既无前人经验，也无现实把握。中国的航天事业如何起步？
“只有人，其他的什么也没有。”王希季摆摆左手，一字一顿。
“当时就靠两个，一是集中力量办大事的政策，二是后来总结的‘两弹一星’的精神。”他忆起的那段创业岁月，是现在的我们不能想象的。
那是建国后最困难的年代，吃着跟稀饭差不多的烂糊面，“王希季们”靠“土办法”摸石头过河。
从最容易的探空火箭开始，先克服气动力阻力飞起来，再上到空间去。
不懂就学！
留学时受的学术训练和深厚的理论基础，使触类旁通地学习并不那么吃力。而且他们很多人对热力学、燃料学、空气动力学、结构力学和涡轮机等方面的理论都了解，欠缺的主要是火箭方面的知识，以及综合利用诸多知识的实际工作经验。
哪有什么电脑？算盘、计算尺、手摇计算器，完成了全部的计算任务。一屋子都是手摇计算器，计算用的稿纸堆得比桌子高，24小时三班倒，一个月左右，才算出一条弹道来。
火箭发射场有多简陋？只有个发射架，指挥所靠沙包堆成，火箭推进剂用打气筒打进去，发电机跟部队临时借，天线靠人拉着转……
——这都可以？
——这都可以！
越挫越勇越辉煌
王希季的创业团队终于成功发射了中国第一枚液体推进剂现代化T-7M探空火箭。
44岁那年，“长征一号”运载火箭顺利将我国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”送上天。
54岁那年，中国第一颗返回式卫星顺利升空并成功返回地面。
82岁那年，“神舟五号”载人航天器发射成功，中国成为世界上第三个掌握载人飞船技术的国家。
……
半个多世纪过去了，中国航天事业完成了从无到有再到强的奇迹蜕变，王希季也早已从火箭的“门外汉”成为航天界泰斗。成功与荣耀背后，有痛心的教训，也有捍卫真理的过往。
1960年，王希季负责的三次火箭发射任务接连受挫。其中一次，因为天气状况突变，本来发射正常的火箭被风吹倒了。
“痛心啊！大家那么多的心血！岂止是沉默，很多人流泪了。”王希季向组织讲：“我是技术负责人，要处分就处分我，其他人都没责任……”
“结合中国的情况来定事情，就是我们这些人通过失败，得到的经验。”王希季说，中国的航天要走符合自己国情的路，不能急功近利，不能跟着外国跑，要不图虚名，实际得益。
中国18种探空火箭中，有12种是由王希季担任型号负责人研制出来的。探空火箭对运载火箭、人造卫星、气象火箭、高空探测火箭、生物火箭乃至载人航天器的研究都有很大贡献。中国的载人航天没有做大动物的试验，省了很多时间。正是因为王希季的创业团队在60年代的生物火箭上已做过狗的试验。
倔老头
“在技术问题上不能少数服从多数，而是要尊重客观规律。”王希季没少当过“少数派”，没少讲过别人“想说却不敢说”的话。
上世纪80年代，中国载人航天工程启动时，大部分人的意见是紧跟国际潮流发展可重复使用的航天飞机。为此，王希季专门写出题为《重复使用的并不都是经济的》长篇论文，指出耗资巨大的航天飞机不符合国情，他的观点逐渐将业内专家引向发展载人飞船的方向上来。
不怕得罪人，这个倔老头不止一次跟上级争论：“所有官员犯的错误，最后不都得由老百姓承担后果？”
这位出生在1921年，只比中国共产党年龄小几天的老人，身上仍是“创客”的节奏。
他每天上班，认真研读“十三五规划”，关心“中国制造2025”。说起自己今年搞的新项目——“互联网+航天”，说起互联网时代航天如何服务国防服务经济服务民生，王希季语速不快，但思路清晰滔滔不绝。
这就是新中国科技事业的第一代“创客”。