Online literary plagiarism is hard to tell what's real: lawyers do fret-Internet copyright, cyber-literature-IT information

On March 28, the Member of the Shanghai writers ' Association night spirits in the ID for "a long time love my ghost spirits" on a personal micro-blog, forwarding the Beijing Xicheng District people's court civil judgments.

In the verdict, new world press limited liability companies were asked to "stop the publication and distribution of infringing content, signature wind off the water front of the Shi Tianqi flowers book." The company and Shi Tianqi in specified newspapers published apologies.

It was exactly one year ago, actor Shi Tianqi network copying event occurs, when public opinion uproar, was involved by copying 38. Eventually, stand up and follow through with the lawsuit only underworld spirits 4.

Plagiarism has been confirmed by the courts, but in the end only the compensation amount for litigation costs 1/3, and for a public apology and deep spiritual experiences in a year by public criticism, book publishing delays, lengthy legalization process and the high cost of offsite actions.

Exposure platform for the activist author tweets "romance copy report" blogger friend Lin Qian told reporters that "most infringed the author's rights, all because of time and cost are too high, compared with the copying costs of contrast is too big. In addition, public activist being subjected to the pressure of public opinion, and does not necessarily have the chance. ”

Internet copyright cases similar to this, according to the Xicheng court statistics, which last year accepted network copyrights involved 515 cases, accounting for 68.4% of the total number of intellectual property cases; the corresponding percentage in the first quarter of this year rose to 84.6%. Similarly, the Chaoyang Court last year to accept Internet copyright cases 1800-related, accounting for 64.78% of the total number of intellectual property cases; the corresponding percentage in the first quarter of this year rose to 79.22%.

On April 26, the international day of intellectual property, recalling that a cyber work rights, as more Web authors and the underworld spirits looks forward to, "I wish on China in the original protection will do better. ”

▲ Xiao-chuan in the Haidian District Court filing fee bills

Network paper copied several manuscripts in question is often harder to find

On March 23 last year, network fantasy author, Goodnight little green suddenly received a deep spiritual message on Twitter--a fierce activist battlefield is "hit" to the little green eyes.

"She jumped copy ... ... Article skeleton is exactly the same. "Hades soul was also in the afternoon had just received the reader's Twitter followers, knew the actor written by Shi Tianqi water wind off the flowers in front of her old content.

With the forwarding of microblogging, Underworld spirit found plagiarized authors in this collection involve more friends xiaoqing was one of them. She told the little green "never again", and called on the involved authors join denunciation.

Just a week ago, Xiao chuan, Anhui Web authors online, ran into Shi Tianqi being propaganda across the new Orient House ? dream of busy sinking, found its content seems to be giving up, published by Orient House Princess.

Xiao chuan read sections of the network, and purchase the book via the Internet, proved almost myself to editing, and because of disagreement with the Edit network without a published novel. In the case of communicating and editing two days failed, Xiao-chuan in "Dragon skies" forums posted this, and on March 20 last year to Twitter to complain.

Fermentation caught the attention of tieyu, head of a Beijing culture media. As Ming ling in collaboration with his friend, forwarded his micro-blogging in solidarity with, and said it would pay to help activist, author of legal procedures.

Iron fish waged a writer on weibo solidarity, for participants to use A4 paper to write "original protection against plagiarism", filmed by uploading Tweets. Zhihou, iron fish received hundreds of followers for help rights network works, "network books infringed author a lot, but usually they do not know. Know, because the cost is too great, it is hard to go to proceedings. ”

Is this Shi Tianqi copying of legal rights, authors involved, stand up and stick a year right only a ghost spirit, small green, Yan Xiao-chuan and other Web authors sleep speakers.

Rights related to the original author and parties evidence retention

After underworld spirits persuaded green to participate in human rights and drag her.

A few days later, accused them of taking advantage of the hype on Twitter appear sound. Micro-Bo v opinion, think the Web authors are literature "bonded labour". This statement points out the private publishing agencies sign contracts with its author, buy books all the copyright issues.

"Xiao chuan, proposed to deal with the case, there are complex reasons of copyright. "The iron fish told the legal evening news reporter," Yan Xiao chuan had her transferred all rights reserved company, she only copyright, so lawyers had to consider whether the Court could only award damages for an apology, no compensation would be. ”

Statements were made by the legal evening news reporter Xiao chuan in 2012 and contract related to the company's "copyright cooperation agreements", which provided as b company has the right to "sign on the use of agency work containing the works and all derivative works and/or all derivative uses. ”

" Publishing company buyout after the author's economic rights, the authors found that related violations, in addition to the reasonable expenses of litigation, will not be able to claim compensation, and can only make an apology, cease the infringement . From the point of view, this is bad for the author. "In this regard, property expert, Zhong LUN law firm partner Zhang Xuesong," says author only copyright is more widespread. To contract for their own benefit, authors can sign a copyright transfer agreement with publishing company into models, that after discovering infringement prosecution and compensation. ”

Eventually, Yan Xiao-chuan and other mediation.

In this process, the evidence of infringement has always been network works difficult.

The underworld spirits and green shots published that year in the network of literary works as the cards under the Banyan tree, Xiao-chuan's work is on the company Web site, was tampered with by the parties, "about my delivery time in December 2012 to April 2013, submitted the site later again in March 2015. ”

"Xiao chuan mailbox delivery the first draft manuscript records. "Qian Zhang remember is very close," her second modified version of QQ is offline files, there is no evidence can be found. ”

"Now the development of network literature to determine the ownership of the work increases the difficulty of the new. "Case of Xicheng District Court judge Wen Handong told reporters the intellectual property rights, because electronic information and data on the Web is easy to change, and in the process of being inspected, if it didn't go to the related departments to be notarized before then, evidence easily destroyed or lost.

Virtual witness status proceedings NET red tape

If there is no involvement of the iron fish, xiaoqing not going legal procedures, "to run various notarized, too lazy to do my own. Plagiarism is also angry, but hold up is too cumbersome. ”

Xiao-chuan case mediation, Xiao Qing and Ming ling began to prepare for litigation. Qian Zhang Qing and Ming ling, just continue to help small issued a lawyer's letter, "and the defence cannot reach unanimous views, before entering the proceedings. ”

Xiaoqing 2003 posted on the "Jinjiang city of literature" articles on the Web site of the bloom from the dust, have been copied. Informed by readers, xiaoqing posted a notice on your own blog, first wrote the statement, mainly being mistaken as her copy. After they disappear.

This time, green thoroughly experience a return to "How do I prove that I am my" problem.

Because the network is the network name of the author, not linked to identity, prove that he is the author of this piece is rights difficult. Small green can only reapply for copyright, plus backstage path in a Web site posting that year, spent more than a week's time .

"Little green, as no individual authors, it is difficult to prove identity. "Qian Zhang was some adventure," only to apply for copyright as evidence is flawed. Author of if just starting out, this is more trouble. Although you can cooperate through the website, but it will increase the difficulty of obtaining evidence. ”

In addition, judge Wen Handong said, "this case dragged on for a long time, but also because in two or three months to contact the defendant Shi Tianqi. This lawsuit is difficult, and if the defendant is an individual, according to the client's address, and send relevant materials according to law, it is difficult to confirm whether I sign. Celebrity addresses and other contact information are more difficult to find. ”

Another defendant Beijing Xinhua published pioneer technology company argued to the Court--in 2005 Shi Tianqi Assistant book on behalf of Shi Tianqi provided to company, and then introduced to the press by the company. Company to transfer the manuscripts of the books involved only layout without any modification, also won't know torts.

Because there is no evidence the company to modify the manuscript, as well as any contract with Shi Tianqi, final judgments of the Court, the company "of infringing books published no subjective intention or negligence, benefit is not objectively." Therefore, the Court does not support the Ming ling on the company's joint and several liability for tort claims.

"A lot of writers and we reflect, they do not want to file a lawsuit. "Wen Handong told reporters," as they do writing does not rule a special litigation goes long, writing will be interrupted. Proceedings are often not up to expectations. ”

Workload and case upside down lawyer how to answer

The litigation process Ming ling in Shanghai, xiaoqing in Chongqing, Sichuan, Anhui, after notarization uniform express to iron all over the fish. "Most of the publishing house in Beijing, most of the authors in the field, has sued the publishing company, must be in the local court. ”

When Xiao chuan notarial 5 pounds heavier when he was sent to Beijing, Qian Zhang some too much.

Qian Zhang needed to work all over the 460,000, statistical copy data .

Because of heavy and cumbersome, and the case is not big, very few lawyers willing to take over network works infringement case. "Lawyer specializing in intellectual property litigation is not too much, resulting in attorneys ' fees are higher. "Wen Handong said.

"In civil cases, summary procedures take 3 months to finish, ordinary procedure to 6 months. General IP forensics and evidence of the case is more complex, in accordance with the ordinary procedure . "In this time-consuming cost, Qian Zhang hesitated, and finally at around 60,000 yuan cost received two cases of delegates," lawyers ' fees are based on the workload. I think small profits but quick turnover. ”

Illegal cheap plagiarism to be restricted

Is relative to the Web authors find a lawyer's rights difficult, under the network literature being coerced, network copying frequently visible.

In 2006, Rick Zhuang told Guo to the dream whispering colour, copying her case of the outside circle, spring breeze Art Publishing House eventually stop "dream" published, and compensation of 200,000 yuan.

And when the alleged plagiarism last year, Shi Tianqi denied in an official statement, "not only of the Orient House, this book, I provide all the manuscripts to publishing companies, no copy, no ghostwriting, no paying for text, the only thing I do is sell my full text publishing company. For reputation damage, I will seek legal solutions. ”

"Always wanted to go before the formal proceedings, for now this result, I have a clear conscience, but she had no follow-up of the work hard, I have been reflecting on this. "Shi Tianqi told the legal evening news said in an interview," when is a 30,000-word his works to friends, her butt and publishing house, in 2005, I made a note to 2009 never had-the book was published. And publishing companies also signed contracts, but because there is no law, there is no remaining evidence. ”

Court trials believe that Shi Tianqi "only to witness testimony provided evidence to the contrary, no other documentary material related to support, not enough to overturn evidentiary effect of the publication signature. ”

The identification of the new world press published book of the wind off the water flowers in front of the two vast disappeared, apart from the title, the names of the characters and individual words, and the spirit ? letter expression of the beautiful river Styx similar, identical or similar words to 1691. In the underworld spirits in the decision in the case, asked Shi Tianqi and new world press limited liability companies compensation for the economic loss of 4200 Yuan, reasonable cost 6000 Yuan. 1/3 of the total amount was 30,000 yuan of litigation costs.

"The verdict, and I didn't understand at first, but my results do not contravene the laws. The verdict, my lawyer's notice to do it. "Shi Tianqi said.

For Guo's decision, and its own verdict, Ghost spirit and green are not feeling very well, "Although only a public apology, but from a practical point of view, we are paying too much of the proceedings, and too little copycats should bear the cost. If economic power well, will feel no compensation for losses. In this way, copying will not be restricted. ”

Recession authors were forced to return to traditional publishing industry network

Ghost spirit this case spent more than 30,000 yuan, which accounted for the major part of the--lawyer fee of 10000 Yuan, notarization fee 4120, copyright registration fees of more than 4,000 yuan, writing more than 1000 Yuan.

He Xiaoqing, Xiao chuan, as these expenses are covered by the iron fish help advance. Ghost spirit remember that they have a friend in tort, in consultation, lawyers charge by the hour, and informed even won no compensation. "She finally just gave up. ”

Find Lin Qian platform seeking activist author, are also more likely to use the Internet public denunciation. Lin Qian said, "because authors feel the need to pay too much, so work is infringing, want to use fewer legal rights, and can expect to do less. ”

Xiaoqing wrote on the micro-blog to the instability of her income. Underworld spirits clearly wants to keep their own creative content, revenue will be affected, "Publishing House will tell you, write stuff market do not. ”

In 2000, during the rise of network literature, Ming ling was the first to enter the Banyan tree one of the authors of the literature network. "The threshold is not high at that time, feel free to publish, not like today's literature website will ask how many words a day, provisions to meet the market theme. ”

After Hades soul was invited by magazine editors, with fixed income, and transformation. "Until the magazine closed down, and only return to the network. But everything is different now, major literary site very much, writing is also very much. Audiences hadn't had a good shape, I am writing, there may be no market. ”

Xiao Qing and Ming ling walked into the magazine's experience is similar. Just last year, hired after the final collapse of a magazine, she chose to do physical books, not back to the network.

Physical books is not labeled volume affect the Court judgment standard

Because the speed is too fast, small green felt are not up to. "The site provides to copy too, but is too speed, editing for many not all copying of content, because of stress at work, it is difficult to find. Book manuscript is relatively strict. ”

They slump in the publishing industry in the past two years, "the reduction in physical books printed, talking to publishers about print runs is difficult. In addition to well-known writers or best-selling published to hundreds of thousands of, first run reach 20,000 copies of works in General. ”

"When talking about print, 20,000 authors wish, I can only print 10,000. "As a publisher of iron fish is also very helpless," really harsh, but I have no choice. Like the print runs of 10,000 and royalties to check 10%, compared with 4% in Internet royalty. Sell shop discounts will be very low, the shop became the main channel. By contrast, there are 3-month sales period, works not found in the books, will be returned. ”

Changes in the physical market volume, also reflected on the indicated volume of books. This in turn affects the standard of the judgment of the Court.

Wen Handong said, "prior to 2000, books are labeled volume, which is a very important considering the gravity of the infringement of the standards. No annotation, compensation can only be based on infringement of the standard words, consider the plaintiff's and defendant's popularity, mode of transmission, is a paper or a network, and so on, led to the amount of compensation does not come on. ”

Wen Handong believes that writers the difficulty of protecting intellectual property rights, first of all is that many writers for the new legal rules. He suggested that, "in accordance with relevant provisions of copyright law, authors can take license or transfer over to professionals fighting or rights of way. This way than not rights or their rights more effectively. ”

"Last year, the China writers ' Association set up a expert legal service mission, renowned experts offer legal service; the Writers Association also provide a fair reference contract and authors to protect their interests from an authorized source. "Zhang Xuesong," said CWA members to ask questions, and litigation is the most reasonable offer is essentially public in nature. This is also a good place to explore. ”

网络文学抄袭难辨真假：律师都发愁 - 网络版权,网络文学 - IT资讯

3月28日，上海作协成员冥灵在ID为“久爱吾冥灵”的个人微博上，转发了北京市西城区人民法院民事判决书。

在判决结果中，新世界出版社有限责任公司被要求立即“停止出版、发行带有涉案侵权内容，署名为石天琦的《水风空落眼前花》一书”。该公司和石天琦须在指定报刊刊登道歉声明。

这是整整一年前，发生的演员石天琦网络抄袭事件，彼时舆论沸沸扬扬，被抄袭者牵涉到38位。最终，站出来并坚持完成这场诉讼的只有冥灵等4人。

被抄袭虽然得到了法院的确认，但最终赔偿金额仅为诉讼成本的1/3，而为了一个公开道歉声明，冥灵在一年里经历了被舆论指责、新书出版延期、漫长的公证过程和高成本的异地诉讼。

为维权作者提供曝光平台的微博“言情小说抄袭举报处”博主林谦友告诉记者，“多数被侵权作者难维权，都是因为时间和经济成本过高，与抄袭者要付出的代价相比反差太大。另外，公开维权会遭受舆论压力，而最终并不一定有胜诉把握。”

类似这样的网络著作权案件，据西城法院统计，该院在去年受理涉网络著作权案件515件，占知识产权案件总数的68.4%；今年第一季度的相应占比上升至84.6%。同样，朝阳法院去年受理涉网络著作权案件1800件，占知识产权案件总数的64.78%；今年第一季度的相应占比上升至79.22%。

4月26日，国际知识产权日，回顾这一场网络著作维权，更多的网络作者有着和冥灵一样的期待，“希望中国在原创保护这件事上，会做得更好。”

▲言晓川在海淀区人民法院立案的诉讼费票据

网文抄袭涉多篇原稿往往难被发现

去年3月23日，网络奇幻作者goodnight小青忽然在微博上接到冥灵的消息——一个激烈的维权战场被“砸”到小青眼前。

“她还跳段抄的……文章骨架是一模一样的。”冥灵也是在下午刚刚收到读者的微博私信，才知道演员石天琦所著的《水风空落眼前花》里有她的旧作内容。

随着微博的转发，冥灵发现这本文集里被抄袭的作者牵涉的越来越多，朋友小青也是其中之一。她告诉小青“不要再忍”，并呼吁牵涉的作者一起加入声讨。

就在那一周前，安徽网络作者言晓川在网上，偶然看见正在宣传中的石天琦跨界新作《东宫·繁华沉梦》，发现其内容好像是自己放弃出版的《东宫太子妃》。

言晓川试读了网络章节，又在网上购买全书，证实几乎就是自己当初发给编辑、而因与编辑意见不合没有出版的网络小说。在和编辑沟通两天未果的情况下，言晓川开始在“龙的天空”论坛贴出此事，并在去年3月20日到微博上诉苦。

事情的发酵引起北京一家文化传媒公司总裁铁鱼的关注。由于冥灵是与他合作的朋友，他转发微博声援，并称愿意出钱帮助需要维权的作者走法律程序。

铁鱼先在微博上发动了一场作家声援会，让参与者用A4纸写下“保护原创，抵制抄袭”，拍下照片上传微博。之后，铁鱼收到上百条求助网络著作维权的私信，“网络著作被侵权的作者很多，但通常他们自己都不知道。而知道的，由于成本太大，都很难去走法律程序。”

就是此次对于石天琦抄袭的法律维权，涉及到的作者中，站出来并坚持一年维权的只有冥灵、小青、言晓川和另一位网络作者寐语者。

维权涉原作者与签约方证据难留存

冥灵说服小青参与维权后，又觉得拖累了她。

没几天，微博上出现指责他们借势炒作的声音。有微博大V也展开舆论，认为这些网络作者是“文学包身工”。这一说法点出了民营出版机构与旗下作者签合同时，买断著作全部版权的问题。

“当时建议先处理言晓川的案子，也有版权的复杂原因。”铁鱼告诉《法制晚报》记者，“言晓川已经把她的所有版权转让给签约公司，她只有著作人身权，所以律师当时考虑法院可能只会判对方道歉，不会有赔偿。”

《法制晚报》记者看了言晓川在2012年与签约公司的相关“版权合作协议”，其中规定作为乙方的公司有权“对签约作品的使用均包含对签约作品及其所有衍生作品和/或所有衍生产品的使用。”

“出版公司买断作者著作财产权后，作者发现相关侵权行为，除为了诉讼的合理开支外，就无法主张赔偿了，只能让对方道歉、停止侵权。从赔偿角度而言，这是对作者不利的。”对此，知产领域专家、北京市中伦律师事务所合伙人张雪松表示，“作者只有著作人身权的情况比较普遍。要考虑合同对自己有利的话，作者可以在与出版公司签著作权转让协议时采用分成模式，这样发现侵权后可以去起诉并获得赔偿。”

最终，言晓川与对方达成调解。

在这个过程中，证据保存一直是网络著作侵权案的难点。

冥灵和小青都截图当年发表在榕树下文学网的作品为证，而言晓川的作品是发在签约公司网站上，时间遭到当事方篡改，“我交稿的时间是在2012年12月到2013年4月左右，网站后来在2015年3月份重新进行了提交。”

“好在言晓川的第一稿有邮箱传送稿件的记录。”张茜记得当时很悬的是，“她第二次修改版本用的是QQ离线文件，就没有证据可查。”

“现在网络文学的发展给作品权属的确定增加了新的难度。”审理此案的西城区法院知识产权庭法官闻汉东对本报记者表示，因为现在网络上电子信息和数据易于更改，而且在被查证的过程中，假如之前没有去相关部门进行公证的话，证据很容易灭失。

虚拟网名难证其身份诉讼程序繁琐

如果没有铁鱼的介入，小青不会去走法律程序，“要各种跑公证，我自己肯定懒得办。被抄袭也生气，可是追究起来太繁琐。”

言晓川的案子调解后，小青和冥灵开始准备诉讼。张茜只是先继续帮小青和冥灵发出律师函，“因为和被告方意见达不成一致，才又进入诉讼程序。”

小青2003年贴在“晋江文学城”网站上的小文章《从尘埃里开出花来》，也曾被抄袭。在被读者告知后，小青只是在自己的博客上发了一个公告，声明是自己先写的，主要担心别人误以为是她抄袭。之后便不了了之。

这次，小青彻底体验了一回“如何证明我是我”的难题。

因为网络作者用的都是网名，没有和身份信息挂钩，证明自己就是这篇作品的作者是维权一个难点。小青只能重新申请作品版权，加上找当年在网站发文的后台路径，用了一周多的时间办理。

“小青作为没有单位的个体作者，很难证明身份。”张茜感到这次有些惊险，“仅以申请的作品版权作为证据是有瑕疵的。如果换成刚出道的作者，这就比较麻烦。虽然可以通过网站配合调查，但会增加取证的难度。”

另外，法官闻汉东谈道，“这个案子时间拖得相当长，也是因为用了两三个月才联系到被告石天琦。这样的诉讼难点在于，假如被告方是个体的话，按当事人提供的地址，依法寄送相关材料，很难确认是不是本人签收。而名人的地址等联系信息更难找到。”

另一被告方北京新华先锋出版科技有限公司对法院辩称——是2005年石天琦的助理将书稿以石天琦的名义提供给公司，再由公司介绍给出版社。公司仅对涉案书籍的稿件进行交接排版，并未进行任何修改，也无从知晓侵权。

因无证据证明该公司对稿件进行过修改，以及与石天琦方签订过任何合同，法院最终判决，该公司“对侵权图书的出版发行主观上并无故意或过失，客观上也并未获益”。因此，法院不支持冥灵对该公司提出的连带侵权责任的诉讼请求。

“很多作家就和我们反映过，他们不愿意打官司。”闻汉东告诉记者，“因为他们写作的时间不规律，一个诉讼拖得特别长的话，写作就会被中断。诉讼得到的结果往往也达不到预期。”

工作量与案情倒挂律师多不愿接案

这个诉讼过程，冥灵在上海，小青在重庆，言晓川在安徽，各地公证之后统一快递给铁鱼。“大部分出版社在北京，大部分作者都在外地，而起诉出版公司，必须在当地的法院。”

当言晓川把5斤重的公证书寄达北京时，张茜有些吃不消。

张茜需要把这46万字的作品全部过一遍，统计出抄袭的数据。

因为工作量大而繁琐，并且案情并不算大，很少有律师愿意接网络著作侵权的案子。“能专门从事知识产权诉讼的律师不是太多，导致律师费用比较高。”闻汉东说道。

“民事案件中，简易程序需要3个月审完，普通程序要6个月。一般知识产权案件取证和例证比较复杂，都会按照普通程序。”在这个耗时耗力的成本下，张茜也犹豫过，最后以总共6万元左右的费用接下两个案子的委托，“律师的收费都是根据工作量。我还是考虑薄利多销。”

违法代价低廉抄袭行为难以被制约

与网络作者找律师维权艰难相对的是，在网络文学被市场裹挟之下，网络抄袭频繁可见。

2006年，庄羽告郭敬明《梦里花落知多少》抄袭她《圈里圈外》案件，最终让春风文艺出版社停止“梦里”的出版，并赔偿20万元。

而去年被指抄袭时，石天琦在官方声明中给予了否认，“不只《东宫》这本书，对于我本人提供给出版公司的所有书稿，没有抄袭，没有代笔，没有花钱买过文字，我唯一做的只是把我的文字全权卖给了出版公司。对于名誉权的损害，我也会寻求法律途径解决。”

“之前一直想走正规的法律程序，对于现在这个结果，我是问心无愧，只是对自己当初没有对作品后续事宜上心，这个我一直在反省。”石天琦接受《法制晚报》采访时表示，“当初是拿了3万字自己的作品给朋友，她帮忙和出版社对接，我在2005年交了稿子，到2009年书出版都没再管过。之间和出版公司也签过合同，但是因为没有法律意识，没有存留证据。”

法院最终审理认为，石天琦“仅仅以证人证言的方式提供反证，无其他相关书面证据材料予以佐证，不足以推翻出版物署名的证据效力。”

经查明，新世界出版社出版《水风空落眼前花》一书收录的《两处茫茫皆不见》一文，除标题、人物姓名及个别词句外，与《冥灵·美人河》的文字表达方式基本一致，相同或相似字数为1691字。在对冥灵案件的最终判决中，要求石天琦和新世界出版社有限责任公司赔偿经济损失4200元、合理费用6000元。总共的金额是3万元诉讼成本的1/3。

“对判决结果，我刚开始非常不理解，但我对法律结果不抵触。对判决结果的处理，我等律师的通知去做。”石天琦说。

对于郭敬明的判决结果，以及自己的判决结果，冥灵和小青都感觉不太尽如人意，“虽然只是要个公开道歉，但从实际来看，我们诉讼的付出太多，而抄袭者要为此承担的代价太少。如果对方经济实力好，不会觉得赔偿有损失。这样，抄袭不会被制约。”

传统出版业衰退作者被迫回归网络

冥灵的这场官司花费3万多元，其中占主要部分的是——律师费10000元，公证费4120元，版权登记费4000多元，律师函1000多元。

和小青、言晓川一样，这些费用都由铁鱼帮助垫付。冥灵记得，自己有朋友遇到侵权，在咨询之后，律师称按小时计费，并告知即便打赢了也没有赔偿。“她最后就放弃了。”

找到林谦友平台寻求维权的作者，也都更倾向于用网络舆论声讨。林谦友表示，“正因为作者觉得要付出太多，所以著作被侵权的多，想用法律维权的少，而想到又能去做的更少。”

小青曾在微博中写到自己收入的不稳定。冥灵也清楚，想坚持自己的创作内容，收入就会受到影响，“出版社会告诉你，写的东西市场不要。”

2000年网络文学兴起时，冥灵是最早进入榕树下文学网的那批作者之一。“当时门槛不高，可以随意发布，不像现在的文学网站会要求每天交多少字，规定迎合市场主题。”

冥灵被杂志社编辑邀请后，有了固定的收入，于是转型。“直到杂志社倒闭，只能回归网络。但一切都不一样了，各大文学网站非常多，写作者也非常多。读者群不是当年的样子了，坚持自我的写作，可能没有市场。”

小青和冥灵走入杂志的经历相似。只是在去年，受雇的最后一家杂志社倒闭后，她选择继续做实体书，没有再回网络。

实体书未标明印量影响法院判赔标准

因为对速度要求太快，小青觉得自己达不到。“网站对抄袭的规定也是有的，但就是因为太赶速度，编辑对于很多不是全盘抄袭的内容，因为工作紧张，很难发现。实体书的审稿相对严一些。”

她们都感到出版行业在这两年大幅衰退，“实体书印量减少，跟出版方谈印量很费劲。除了知名作家或者畅销书能出版到几十万，一般的作品首印都到不了2万册。”

“在谈印数的时候，作者希望2万，我只能印1万。”作为出版方的铁鱼也很无奈，“确实很苛刻，但没有办法。比如这1万的印量，要签10%的版税，而网络版税只有4%。卖给网店的折扣会很低，网店就成为主要渠道。相比之下，书店有3个月的销售期，作品在书海里不被发现，就会被退货。”

实体市场印量的变动，也体现在书本的标明印量上。这又影响着法院的判赔标准。

闻汉东说道，“2000年之前，书上都有标明印量，这是考量侵权严重程度的一个很重要的标准。现在没有标注，赔偿标准就只能根据侵权的字数，考量原告和被告的知名度、传播的途径、是纸质还是网络等等，导致赔偿的数额上不来。”

闻汉东认为，作家维护知识产权的难度，首先在于很多作家对于法律规则比较陌生。他建议，“根据著作权法的相关规定，作家的作品是可以采取许可或者转让的方式交给专业的人士打假或者维权。这样比不去维权或者自己去维权要更有效率。”

“去年，中国作家协会建了一个专家法务服务团，有知名的专家为会员提供优惠的法律服务；作协还提供一些公平参考的合同，有利于作者从授权源头维护权益。”张雪松称，“作协会员可以去咨询问题，代理诉讼也是最合理的报价，基本上算公益性质的。这也是一个不错的探索。”