Car has been submitted to the State Council of the new deal: private cars without the showmanship to tragedy-car, car-IT information
Recently on the Internet booking taxi service of the interim measures for the Administration (hereinafter "the method") "put on hold" and "fastest early May" two completely opposite news almost at the same time reported. The China business newspaper reporters from approaching the Ministry was informed by the people, through last October, after consultation, the Ministry will adjust and modify the policies, the revised programme has been finalized and submitted to the State Council. It is understood that, compared with the draft for comment, the way only on the net about platform licensing process made some minor adjustments, and overall change is small, private car need to be changed to commercial vehicles the requirement will not change.
The final game
Close to the Ministry of communications told reporters, after the comment was published at the end of last year, after collecting opinions from all sides, the Ministry will adjust and modify the policies, the revised programme has been finalized and submitted to the State Council, when at present are not yet available.
"There are some changes, but little change. "Those close to the Ministry said modified content is not disclosed.
On October 10, 2015, the Ministry issued a circular on deepening reform, further advancing the healthy development of taxi industry guidance (draft for soliciting opinions) and the interim measures for the administration of network booking taxi business service (draft for soliciting opinions) (hereinafter "drafts"). Files on special issues such as location, quantity control, causing the economics profession, the legal profession, the transportation sector debate.
For draft sparked more controversy in the net about the car must go to the county or city level apply to the Transportation Department to obtain the appropriate license terms during the two sessions this year, the Ministry of Transportation Secretary Liu Xiaoming has said, this work has been optimized. "Our preliminary idea is that work levels, level license. Rental service is a combination of online and offline now, this part of the platform is located on the line provincial transport authorities, is the road transport administration for permission, get the license the entire network traffic, the rest of the country does not need to be licensed. Entity services below the line, you license service in Nanjing in Nanjing, you license service in Hangzhou in Hangzhou. ”
Recently, some media reports, the Ministry of the approach has made some modifications to the original, which had a modified was removed in the original draft practitioners hold promotions, incentives, provided that provisions of the 10th to society announcements. In addition, the nature of the car vehicle may also be by the registration for "rental of passenger" to require its registration as "booking a taxi", while creating a vehicle.
In this regard, those close to the Ministry said about about vehicle property change is, indeed, Governments and enterprises to discuss more. "Our policy designed to safeguard the security and interests of passengers, cruise taxi travel 10,000 miles a month or so, 120,000 km a year, whereas the average mileage of private cars is much lower, Beijing's case is 10,000 km a year. Car after car, if not the trading standards to treat it, don't set a retirement period, there will be excessive use of vehicles. We cannot relate people's life and health system, and to meet the requirements of these car companies and drivers. ”
Reporters interviewed a number of private car owners car platform said to operate vehicles, all costs will be much increased. Some part-time owners said, if very strict policy implementation will give up driving car.
Controversy in policy feared hard landing
"It seems to me that policy if you don't come, always controversial, after the introduction, becomes an assessment of the implementation of the existing system, disputes would be less, don't imagine all things not implemented now, should come first. The emergence of new problems the local level can also be adjusted. "Those close to the Ministry said.
In fact, traffic levels have repeatedly publicly hoped that policies can be promulgated as soon as possible. During the two sessions, Transport Minister Yang asked car Management introduced the plan at the time said, "I hope the sooner the better."
Many taxi companies charge in an interview with reporters also expressed expectations of the new deal, "don't come to our day even more bitter. ”
But it seems to propagation method of CUPL Zhu Wei, Deputy Director of the Centre, after the consultation, the number of supporters and opponents, that was highly controversial, 6 million taxi drivers on the one hand, on the one hand is tens of millions of car drivers, if imposed, the effect will be great. In addition, the "Internet +" something no one can see, something new and there is no need across the country. "I suggest that due consideration should be given special introduction content and time of the new deal. Administrative power in respect of ' trial and error ' is that it should be allowed, however, in considering the overall interest of the community, should as far as possible to bring the cost down to the lowest point, in line with the minimum damage and the principle of proportionality. Car deal is the best way, first to individual urban pilot first, lessons learned and then rolled out to the Community approach is more appropriate. ”
Fu Weigang, a researcher at Shanghai Institute of finance and law predicts that policy was launched, may lead to a situation were irregularities in all travel in accordance with the request of the Ministry, the black car would revert to the previous state. Was after this two years car platform of development, now black number has rarely also no market competitiveness, once Ministry forced requirements cars exit car, black on will again grow, consumers of experience only will more poor ; another a situation is policy suffered implementation problem, all car platform and car driver and Government play "cat rat game", you the caught on caught, I the how operation also how operation, caught say.
Local cut
Car, traffic, due to controversial new policy, many people are pinning their hopes on the Government. Exposure draft provisions, competent transport authority is responsible for directing the national network of booking a taxi management. Transportation departments at all levels under the leadership of the people's Governments at the corresponding level, responsible for the administration of network booking taxi management.
Yang said, "based around actual localities may have some different approaches, which gives local governments a large space of innovation and development. ”
In fact, some areas have started to make attempts. As of September last year long rental company in Beijing, first automobile group and Cheung launched the "first steam about a car" platform that provides ride taxi service. Cheung Dragon Capital Auto own taxi, taxi driver as a line of matching resources. Is similar to the traditional taxi, "first steam about cars" provided the Government license of rental vehicles, Hung Beijing taxi special "Beijing b" licences, and the driver's licence and vehicle provides a unified special invoice for Beijing taxi. First steam about the car was reading first official taxi software in the industry. Besides, the official limousine software "promise" also launched at the end of last year.
"First official car platforms such as steam is about vehicles, eg is not representative of advanced productive forces, culture is too strong, I went to a city you want to download a piece of software, it is not convenient, first steam about hundreds of cars in Beijing, passengers wanted to call the car not to, why to use it. About car must have belonged to a national and even global Internet service, cannot be confined to a small place. "Fu Weigang said, don't believe in the so-called official vehicle platform development.
Last October, the traffic transfer policy draft before the introduction, Shanghai Jiao Tong Wei was awarded to drop fast car platform about car rental network platforms engaged in licensing and introduction of the car of "Shanghai model": divided government and market boundaries, vehicles from tube to tube platform, and approval prior to subsequent regulatory changes. In the view of many people in the industry, Shanghai is a more open economic model of the Internet, but because of the policies of the Ministry announced that Shanghai will have to tighten policy.
Car policy once the formal introduction of the Ministry, whether there will be a possibility of a breakthrough? On this, Fu Weigang said, local Government on taxi management is has is big of autonomy of, approach is Ministry of sector regulations, from legal effectiveness Shang,, sector regulations of legal effectiveness is below place NPC developed of local regulations of, if some city developed introduced himself of legal regulations, and only recognize local of provides, not recognize Ministry of regulations, that Ministry also no approach. This is equivalent to a gaping hole, which provides conditions where adjustment policies, but depends on the extent to which local willingness to accept Internet car model now.
专车新政已上报国务院：私家车私自揽客要悲剧 - 专车,私家车 - IT资讯
近日关于《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》（以下简称“《办法》”）“暂时搁浅”和“最快5月初出台”的两则完全相反的消息近乎同时见诸报端。《中国经营报》记者从接近交通部人士处获悉，经过去年10月份的征求意见之后，交通部将政策进行了一些调整和修改，修改后的方案已经定稿且已上报国务院。据了解，与征求意见稿相比，《办法》只是在网约车平台许可流程等方面做了一些细微的调整，整体改动不大，私家车做专车需要改为营运车辆的要求不会改变。
最后的博弈
接近交通部人士向记者透露，去年底征求意见稿公布后，经过征集各方意见，交通部又将政策进行了一些调整和修改，修改后的方案已经定稿且已上报国务院，何时出台目前尚未得知。
“有一些修改，但变化不大。”上述接近交通部人士表示，具体修改的内容目前仍不方便对外透露。
2015年10月10日，交通部发布了《关于深化改革进一步推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见（征求意见稿）》和《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法（征求意见稿）》（以下简称“征求意见稿”）。文件中关于专车定位、数量管制等问题，引发了经济学界、法律界、交通运输界多方争论。
针对征求意见稿中曾引发较大争议的网约车必须到县市级的交通运输主管部门提出申请才能获得相应许可的条款，今年全国两会期间，交通部运输服务司司长刘小明曾表示，已经对这项工作进行了优化。“我们现在初步的想法是：两级工作，一级许可。出租服务现在是线上和线下的结合，线上的这部分由平台所在地省一级交通运输主管部门，就是道路运输管理机构来进行许可，得到这个许可全网通行，全国其他地方不需要再进行许可。线下实体服务，你在南京服务就在南京拿许可，你在杭州服务就在杭州拿许可。”
近日有媒体报道称，交通部对原先的《办法》已作出一些修改，其中，有一种修改思路，是删去了原本征求意见稿中从业者举办促销、奖励活动须提前10日向社会公告的规定。此外，还可能将专车车辆的性质，由登记为“出租客运”改为要求其登记为“预约出租车”，另外开创一种车辆性质。
对此，上述接近交通部人士表示，关于网约车车辆性质变更问题确实是政府和企业之间讨论比较多的。“我们制定政策的初衷是保障乘客的安全和利益，巡游出租车一个月行驶1万公里左右，一年12万公里，而普通的私家车行驶里程低很多，北京调查的情况是一年1万公里。私家车做专车后，如果不用营运车的标准来对待它，不设定报废期限，就会出现车辆过度使用问题。我们不可能把涉及人生命健康的制度放弃，而去满足这些专车企业和司机的要求。”
记者采访的多位专车平台私家车车主均表示，改为营运车辆后，各方面成本会增加很多。一些兼职的车主表示，如果政策执行非常严格将放弃开专车。
争议声中政策恐难落地
“在我看来，政策要是不出台的话，永远有争议，出台之后，就会变成对既有制度执行情况的评估，争议就会少一些，现在别把没有执行的事儿都想象出来，应该先出台再说。出现新的问题地方层面还可以再做调整。”上述接近交通部人士表示。
事实上，交通部层面已经多次公开表态希望政策可以尽快出台。两会期间，交通部部长杨传堂被问及专车管理方案具体出台时间时说道，“我希望是越快越好”。
多位出租车企业负责人在接受记者采访时也表达了对于新政的期待，“再不出台我们的日子就更苦了。”
但在中国政法大学传播法中心副主任朱巍看来，征求意见稿出来后，支持和反对的人数差不多，说明争议很大，一方面是600万的出租车司机，一方面是几千万的专车司机，如果现在强行执行，影响会很大。另外，“互联网+”的东西现在没有人看得清，对于新的东西也没有必要全国一刀切。“我建议应适当考虑专车新政的内容和出台时间。行政权力上的‘试错’是应该被允许的，不过，为了社会整体利益考虑，应尽可能地将成本降到最低点，符合最小伤害和比例原则。专车新政最好的办法就是，先以个别城市试点先行，总结经验之后再向社会推广的办法更为妥当。”
上海金融与法律研究院研究员傅蔚冈预测，政策出台后，可能会出现一种情况是所有不符合规定的专车都按照交通部要求下架，这些车会恢复到以前的黑车状态。本来经过这两年专车平台的发展，现在黑车数量已经很少也没有市场竞争力，一旦交通部强制要求私家车退出专车，黑车就会再次壮大，消费者的体验只会更差；另一种情况是政策遭遇执行难题，各个专车平台和专车司机与政府玩“猫鼠游戏”，你该抓就抓，我该怎么运营还怎么运营，抓到再说。
地方的口子
由于交通部专车新政饱受争议，不少人将希望寄托在了地方政府。征求意见稿规定，国务院交通运输主管部门负责指导全国网络预约出租汽车管理工作。各级交通运输主管部门在本级人民政府领导下，负责本行政区域内的网络预约出租汽车管理工作。
杨传堂也曾表示，“结合各地的实际，各地可以有一些不同的做法，这给了各地政府很大的创新发展空间。”
而事实上，部分地区已经开始做出尝试。如去年9月首汽集团和祥龙出租公司面向北京地区推出“首汽约车”平台，提供预约出租车服务。把首汽和祥龙自有的出租汽车、出租车驾驶员作为线下配套资源。与传统出租车类似的是，“首汽约车”提供的是政府许可的出租营运车辆，挂北京出租车特有的“京B”牌照，而驾驶员持有从业许可证件，并且还随车提供统一的北京出租汽车专用发票。首汽约车也被业内解读为首个官方打车软件。此外，广州官方版专车软件“如约”也在去年底推出。
“首汽约车、如约等官方专车平台并不代表先进生产力，区域性太强，我到一个城市要下载一个软件，不方便，首汽约车在北京就几百辆车，乘客想叫车都叫不到，为什么要用。互联网约车一定是属于全国性甚至全球性的服务，不可能是局限在一个小地方。”傅蔚冈表示，不看好这些所谓官方专车平台的发展。
去年10月，交通部专车政策征求意见稿出台之前，上海市交通委向滴滴快的专车平台颁发了网络约租车平台经营资格许可，并推出了专车的“上海模式”：划分政府与市场边界，从管车辆向管平台转变，从事前审批向事中事后监管转变。在不少业内人士看来，上海模式是比较开放的互联网经济模式，但由于交通部政策的公布，上海市也不得不收紧了政策。
交通部专车政策一旦正式出台，地方是否还会有突破的可能性？对此，傅蔚冈表示，地方政府关于出租车管理是有很大的自主权的，《办法》是交通部的部门规章，从法律效力上来讲，部门规章的法律效力是低于地方人大制定的地方性法规的，假如一些城市制定出台自己的法律法规，且只认当地的规定，不认交通部的规章，那交通部也没有办法。这也相当于为地方开了一个口子，为以后地方调整政策提供了条件，但关键要看地方多大程度上愿意接受现在的互联网专车模式。