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published in(发表于) 2016/4/30 5:48:50
Regulatory power consumption! Third party payment landscape suddenly changes, and

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Regulatory power consumption! Third party payment industry shocks – third-party payment, third party payment picture, PayPal-IT information

First pay May renew a licence "a big test" has not, third party payment industry has ushered in several rounds of regulatory turmoil.

In mid-April, led jointly by the State Council ministries meeting explicitly start a campaign against Internet financial activities. Third party payment is included in the key areas of regulation.

And more recently, and its supporting action being exposed, and stop applying for a new licence is almost a foregone conclusion. Each institution also began to enter the regulatory system of classification, the next step will also cancel direct-attached Bank, reserve uniform depository business mode adjustment.

Under the regulatory power, whether it will trigger a deep level the industry reshuffle? In the view of the industry, through policies and market mechanisms to regulate the industry turmoil have become consensus round exit, in the next sectors mergers, and complete the licence the optimal allocation of resources. In this context, traditional revenue model, or walking into history, root segments, providing comprehensive financial solutions are likely to be way out of third party payment industries.

Classification supervision landing

"We've been working overtime for two weeks, in accordance with the provisions of the rating requirements of materials submitted to the compliance department. From top to bottom, attach great importance to, after all the recent wind close watch, we all want to go wrong. "A veteran and an in-house staff of third party paying the Agency's Beijing Office, told the China business newspaper.

Recently, according to the people's Bank of China issued by non-bank institutions regulation on classification, Association of payment and clearing, China enacted the implementation measures for the non-bank institutions management evaluation (trial), and sent to the third-party payment institutions. The assessment of payment in the customer management, compliance and risk management, customer rights protection, system security, anti-money-laundering measures and sustainability 6 the main dimensions, the paying agent will be divided into 5 categories 11. Among them, the class c the following are interviewed face regulatory, rectification, risk, annual comprehensive examinations and other regulatory measures. Class-d will also cease to process some or all of the following payment services, and e class body with no rectification within the time limit, you can legally revoke a licence.

Reporters combed from May 2011 release for the first time since the third party payment license, the Central Bank has so far 8 batches of 270 tickets were issued to pay licence. One industry source told reporters that the number of institutions operating in the licensed have not, empty resource, some institutions operate non-standard rife led to fraudulent accounts. In addition, fake businesses, Fund II, and even diverted customers reserve is also common.

Public information display, 2015 to 2016, in six months, the Bank have been revoked by the Zhejiang enterprise management services limited, Guangdong Yi ' tourism and leisure services limited and the sea smooth out corporate services limited of the three companies in the payments business license, order the exit payments market. In March of this year, bank card acquiring purge banks of market order special checks, Bank of banks and payment institutions to take penalty, withdrawal and other punishing measures, impose focus on serious breaches of regulation. Including Lucia Lacarra, UBS, Lok Fu pay, modern financial holding companies list.

As described in the hierarchical management approach, serious violation of bank card acquiring business problems will also greatly affect ratings.

"The market is now and five years ago is completely different, market developments have had the window period, the exposure has been fully exposed, tightening the regulatory policy needs to market development. A diagnostic classification but also the industry. "One insider from China UnionPay told reporters.

"NET," apparent

Classification regulation, third-party paid the traditional business model is probably going to have to make adjustments.

According to media reports, the treatment of mutual gold storm, focus on the regulation of non-bank payment institutions for the establishment of a unified customer reserve central depository system, strengthen account monitoring and stricter market access, during the renovation period, in principle, is no longer accepting applications for new institutions. Reporter in a report circulating on the Internet of the renovation programme, impressively in the above column. But this plan has not been officially confirmed. Reporters asked several third party payment institutions, most agencies have not received specific treatment programmes, and would not respond to the treatment. But there are also internal told journalists, unofficial confirmation programme referred to in the regulation mentioned above, direction should be determined.

Insiders told reporters the veteran third-party payment institutions, direct banks have halted the third party payment messages. The source said, stop third party direct banking, unified access "non-bank institution network payment platform", that is, "link", but exactly when access, how to access is not clear.

In fact, to stop third-party payment authority direct banking model, which has already called for at least two years, but because of the interests of all parties the complicating factor of the game, and the regulatory and market environment, has been unable to implement. Shanghai a third party paid institutions of General Manager told reporter, third party paid market industry mess as has a long history, some institutions even for pay gold save tube to as and bank rates negotiations of weight, big institutions sat hold data and bargaining right formed monopoly, Bank or select straight even Hou procedures fee was down, or on will loss big institutions of mass customer, and some name Shang access UnionPay of institutions also and no through the channel paid, UnionPay Dan risk is no interests.

And the motion adopted in the industry seems to prove that "link" has been highly recognized by regulators and the establishment support. Deputy Secretary General of China Association of payment and clearing kanglin recently responded to the media, non-bank payment network payment platform is now Central Bank approval procedures, first half of the year is expected to be officially launched.

According to people familiar with the matter said, which will also be a "link" shareholders, UnionPay online referrals and networks of Hong Kong will in future play a similar role.

A payments industry veteran practitioners told reporters that the unified access "link" unity reserve depository "two unified", will further regulate the market order. "Third party payment mechanism through joint negotiations with banks, pricing will be the adoption of uniform standards, some do not have the bargaining power of small payments actually will get more benefits. ”

But it had reservations about this. The aforementioned third party payment insider view, technology costs, difficult access the platform has not been determined, unified pricing many institutions may face issues such as rates, business will obviously have an impact.

Landscape Pro

In fact, both the hierarchical supervision, is the unity reserve depository and interface, the regulation of third-party payment, eventually to lead non-bank institutions back to provide the community with small, fast, convenient payment service purposes. And that guide the direction of the industry, formulated at the end of last year by the non-bank institution network payment services regulations have an inkling. In addition, over the past six months the Central Bank lowered the credit card fees, and acquiring and mass screening prepaid card market reorganization, a series of measures and is about to begin in May first licence to pay "renewal" face, insiders predict will trigger further industry reshuffle.

Forward industry Institute of a copies report think, currently more than 200 more than third party paid platform has formed three unit forces: first unit forces from paid treasure and tenpay, its has powerful of Internet enterprise resources; second unit forces to fast money, and meeting pay world, and EZ pod paid and Lacarra, for representative, its city accounted for rate limited, but has became subdivision market field of leader; third unit forces contains many small third party paid platform, this class enterprise strength weaker, need relies on foreign capital power, or easy was peer merger.

Renewal results also tested some smaller bodies of market confidence. The foregoing a third party paying the Agency's General Manager, told reporters in Shanghai, right now everyone is waiting for the renewal of licence results to observe Central Bank guidance. "The first batch of 27 organizations in the industry have a certain scale, while continuing to hold little suspense, but some companies just accept the punishment, some businesses are sure to exit some markets. "He said.

In his view, the traditional status of acquiring business has been quite awkward. While dealing with the increasingly severe irregular business halted, on the other hand at the request of Commission on bank card credit card rates the latest adjustment, future lower rates on a single industry become more and more transparent, "code" to be eradicated, which further revenue profit. Profit model of a single institution in this wheel to adjust out of a real possibility.

Policy and market facing dual pressure, some third-party payment institutions in recent years have begun trying to transition. A case study of remittances in the world in 2014 as the breach was stopped by Central Bank fined after the new tenants in favour of previously established network development financing, transition to a financial services institution. As far as reporters comb, including fast money, YeePay, remittance and a number of institutions in the world have their own financial service platform.

In the preceding payment of senior industry practitioners, for third party payment organization, future payment or simply entry, an important development direction and financial management, financial services, marketing management application scenarios, such as stacking, providing comprehensive financial solutions.

In fact, the role of market regulation and regulators would like to see results. After 2013, Bank licensing pace has been slowing down, in 2015, the year only issued one.

Insiders of the foregoing from the Cup, at present 270 licensed picture compared with the developed countries has been over, pay businesses across the United States dozens of homes. Currently the has pay qualification of enterprise, real profitability and 35 licence faced a huge waste of resources, so the current policy is to use the regulation to the market, through exit, mergers and acquisitions, and other ways to complete a licence the optimal allocation of resources.


监管重拳频出!第三方支付行业格局骤变 - 第三方支付,第三方支付拍照,支付宝 - IT资讯

首批支付牌照五月续牌“大考”虽还未到,第三方支付行业已经迎来了多轮监管风暴。

4月中旬,由国务院牵头联合多部委召开会议,明确启动针对互联网金融的专项整治活动。第三方支付被纳入重点整治领域。

而最近,与整治配套的相应动作陆续曝光,其中,停止申请新牌照几乎已成定局。各家机构也开始进入分类评级的监管体系,下一步还将面对取消直连银行、备付金进行统一存管等业务模式的调整。

监管重拳之下,是否将触发深层次行业洗牌?在业内人士看来,通过政策和市场机制共同调节行业乱象已成为共识,未来行业将出现一轮退出、并购潮,并完成牌照资源的优化配置。在此背景下,传统单一盈利模式或将走入历史,扎根细分领域、提供综合化的金融解决方案则可能成为第三方支付行业转型的出路。

分级监管落地

“我们已经加班加点两周了,按照规定把评级要求的材料提交合规部。自上至下都非常重视,毕竟最近监管风声太紧,大家都不想出问题。”一家老牌第三方支付机构北京办公室的一位内部员工告诉《中国经营报》记者。

近期,根据中国人民银行发布的《非银行支付机构分类评级管理办法》,中国支付清算协会制定了《非银行支付机构自律管理评价实施办法(试行)》,并下发到各家第三方支付机构。此次评定以客户备付金管理、合规与风险防控、客户权益保护、系统安全性、反洗钱措施、持续发展能力等6项为主要维度,支付机构将被分为5类11级。其中,自C类以下则面临监管约谈、限期整改、风险提示、年度全面检查等监管措施。D类以下还将停止办理部分或全部支付业务,而对于没有在期限内整改的E类机构,则可依法吊销其牌照。

据记者梳理,自2011年5月份首次发放第三方支付牌照以来,央行迄今已发出了8批共270张支付牌照。一位业内人士告诉记者,不少机构在持牌后并未开展业务,空占牌照资源,更有一些机构因经营不规范导致盗刷账户事件频发。此外,虚假商户、资金二清,甚至挪用客户备付金等情况也屡见不鲜。

公开信息显示,2015年到2016年,央行在半年内相继吊销了浙江易士企业管理服务有限公司、广东益民旅游休闲服务有限公司及海畅购企业服务有限公司三家公司的《支付业务许可证》,责令其退出支付市场。而在今年3月,在央行整肃银行卡收单市场秩序的专项抽查中,央行对多家银行和支付机构采取罚款、市场退出等严惩措施,对严重违规机构实施重点监管。包括拉卡拉、瑞银信、乐富支付、现代金控等多家公司榜上有名。

而按照此次分级管理办法中的描述,银行卡收单业务中存在重大违法违规问题的也将极大程度影响评级结果。

“现在的市场已经和五年前完全不一样,市场发展已经度过了窗口期,该暴露的问题已经充分暴露,收紧监管是政策需要也是市场发展必然。分类评级也是对行业的一次摸底。”一位来自银联的内部人士向记者表示。

“网联”呼之欲出

而在分级监管之外,第三方支付传统的业务模式也可能将不得不做出调整。

根据媒体报道,此次互金整治风暴中,对非银支付机构的整治重点为建立统一的客户备付金集中存管制度,加强账户资金监控,并将进一步严格市场准入,在整治期间原则上不再受理新机构的申请。而记者在一份于互联网上流传的《整治方案》中看到,上述内容赫然在列。但此方案并未得到官方确认。记者询问多家第三方支付机构,多数机构表示仍未收到具体整治方案,且不愿对此次整治作出回应。但也有机构内部人士告诉记者,上述非官方确认方案中提到的监管措施,大方向应该是确定的。

上述老牌第三方支付机构内部人士告诉记者,叫停第三方支付直连银行此前就有过消息。该人士表示,叫停第三方支付直连银行,统一接入“非银行支付机构网络支付清算平台”,就是“网联”,但具体什么时候接入,如何接入还不清楚。

事实上,对于停止第三方支付机构直连银行模式,银联已经呼吁了至少两年,但由于各方利益博弈、监管与市场环境的复杂因素,始终未能落实。上海某第三方支付机构的总经理告诉记者,第三方支付市场行业乱象由来已久,一些机构甚至以备付金存管来作为与银行费率谈判的砝码,大机构坐拥数据和议价权形成垄断,银行要么选择直连后手续费被压低,要不就会流失大机构的海量客户,而一些名义上接入银联的机构也并没有通过该通道支付,银联担风险却无利益。

而此议案的通过在业内看来,证明“网联”的成立已经得到了监管部门的高度认可和支持。中国支付清算协会副秘书长亢林在不久前也向媒体回应,目前非银行支付机构网络支付清算平台正在央行走审批程序,预计今年上半年将正式推出。

而据知情人士透露,银联也将成为“网联”的股东,今后银联和网联将会在线下线上发挥类似的作用。

一位支付行业资深从业者告诉记者,此次在统一接入“网联”,统一备付金存管“两个统一”后,将进一步规范市场秩序。“第三方支付机构将通过网联与银行谈判,定价也将采取统一标准,一些没有议价能力的小型支付机构实际上将得到更多利益。”

但机构对此持有保留态度。在前述第三方支付的内部人士看来,接入该平台的技术成本、操作难度还未确定,统一定价后不少机构可能面临着费率提高等问题,对经营显然会产生影响。

行业格局临变

事实上,不论分级监管,还是备付金存管与接口的统一,此次针对第三方支付领域的整治,最终还是为了引导非银行支付机构回归为社会提供小额、快捷、便利支付服务的宗旨。而这一行业引导方向,在去年年底出台的《非银行支付机构网络支付业务管理办法》中已经初露端倪。此外,近半年来央行下调刷卡手续费,并对收单和预付卡市场大规模排查整顿,一系列措施与即将开始的五月首批支付牌照“续牌”狭路相逢,业内人士由此预言将引发深层次行业洗牌。

前瞻产业研究院的一份报告认为,目前200余家第三方支付平台已经形成三股势力:第一股势力来自支付宝与财付通,其拥有强大的互联网企业资源;第二股势力以快钱、汇付天下、易宝支付与拉卡拉等为代表,其市占率有限,但已经成为细分市场领域的佼佼者;第三股势力包含众多小型第三方支付平台,这类企业实力较弱,需要依靠外来资本力量,否则容易被同行兼并。

续牌结果也考验着一些小机构的市场信心。前述上海一家第三方支付机构的总经理告诉记者,目前大家都在等续牌结果出来,以观测央行导向。“首批27家机构在行业里都具有一定规模,虽然继续持牌悬念不大,但毕竟有一些企业此前刚刚接受处罚,某些业务肯定要退出一些地区的市场。”他表示。

而在他看来,传统收单业务的地位已经相当尴尬。一方面监管日趋严厉此前不规范的业务面临叫停,另一方面在发改委关于银行卡发卡费率最新调整的要求下,未来收单产业上下游费率越发透明,“套码”将被根除,从而进一步压缩营收利润。因此盈利模式单一的机构在此轮调整中出局的可能性极大。

面临政策和市场双压,一些第三方支付机构近年来也已经开始尝试转型。以汇付天下为例,2014年由于违规被央行重罚停接新商户后,转而通过此前建立的代理网络发展理财业务,向金融服务机构转型。据记者梳理,包括快钱、易宝支付、汇付天下等多家机构目前均拥有自己的理财业务平台。

在前述支付行业资深从业者看来,对于第三方支付机构,未来支付或收单只是入口,重要的发展方向是与财务管理、金融服务、营销管理等各类应用场景进行叠加,提供综合化的金融解决方案。

事实上,发挥市场调节作用也是监管层乐见的结果。而自2013年后,央行发牌节奏一直趋缓,在2015年全年只发出了一张。

前述来自银联的内部人士透露,其实目前270张牌照的存量数字与发达国家相比已经超额,全美的支付企业也才几十家。目前国内具有支付资质的企业里,真正有盈利能力的也就三五家,牌照资源面临巨大浪费,所以目前政策其实是将这种调节交由市场,通过退出、并购等方式来完成牌照资源的优化配置。






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