Commission's website shows a large collection on the National Palace Museum Director _ | | Shan jixiang, the National Palace Museum National Palace Museum | News
National Palace Museum Director Shan jixiang

Original title: Forbidden City a number of precious cultural relics? National Palace Museum Director "Jean"

The Imperial Palace as a Museum, architecture and collections, all embody the collective wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. How many visitors each year into the Imperial Palace? There are how many pieces of cultural relics in the collection? With these questions, let us into the honest and clean culture of open class, "be faithful Watcher of the excellent traditional culture", listen to the National Palace Museum Director Shan jixiang, tells how the inheritance and protection of fine traditional culture.

　　Excellent traditional culture and the faithful watchers

Shan jixiang

Everyone is no stranger to the National Palace Museum, which is a place full of stories. In 1925, on October 10, the forbidden city has a new name, called the "Palace Museum". The day the Palace doors open. You think about a closed hundreds of ordinary people cannot enter the place, once the door opened to meet ordinary people, is a major cultural event. Under the witness of more than more than 3,000 celebrities of the day, raised a new sign in the forbidden city, called the "Palace Museum". Exactly the same day many people, so much of the public into the opening on the first day of the National Palace Museum, no accurate statistics today. But our older employees recalled, when viewers leave in the afternoon, when they picked up from the ground have been trampled away shoes, picked up a big basket full. This is scene of the day. After the forbidden city as a public cultural venues of the past, are particularly striking.

Museum audience over the years continue to grow. In 2002, when the Imperial Palace audience exceeded 7 million for the first time, became the second largest audience in the world's museums. The first museum in France, called the Louvre. But in just over a decade, and by 2012, the Museum's audience exceeded 15 million, up 15.34 million. Today there is only one Museum in the world, and is host to millions of viewers every year, is the National Palace Museum. Why do people go to the Palace Museum? Because of its unique cultural charm. Not only to receive 15 million regular viewers each year, but also to receive a large number of guests and dignitaries into the National Palace Museum, enjoy excellent Chinese traditional culture.

People into the forbidden city may be the first to see the ancient buildings, here is the world's largest wood-frame buildings and is the world's largest palace complex. You know the ancient capital of Beijing have a clear central axis: from the gate to the Bell Tower, 7.8 km, combination. On this axis, the most important group of buildings, is the "so-called 9999 half" consisting of ancient buildings in the forbidden city. Today we go through detailed statistics, 9371 now old buildings. It is world heritage, so Beijing's urban development surrounding the effective control of the National Palace Museum, 14 square kilometres is not building tall buildings and huge buildings, as the world cultural heritage of the buffer.

Today there are magnificent brilliant, rigorous style of architecture, painting, shows that it is the highest form of official buildings in China. While there are many lively space, has a lot to tell the story. There are these beautiful decorations, unique color, real information, and elegant gardens. Every corner shows its history of heavy and its inheritance of traditional Chinese culture.

　　How many pieces of cultural relics is forbidden city?

How many pieces of cultural relics in the collection of the Palace Museum? We have a total set of 1807,558. Precious cultural relics, 93.2% relics, 6.4%, information 0.4%, almost pieces of precious cultural relics.

Palace today, these artifacts are the 25 categories, more than 200 categories. Such as painting, you can see thousands of land map of the five cow there the Night Revels of Han Xizai, Qing Ming Shang he TU, which are important in painting, a total of 53,000. Calligraphy, as preface to the Orchid Pavilion and the mid, and important collections such as the Bo far with a total of 75,000.

There are 2,800 pieces of calligraphy is very important. The three total 156,000, is unparalleled in the world, paper-one of the most concentrated collection of cultural relics.

National Palace Museum are vessels of the world's largest collection of museums, a total of 160,000, including, in particular, precious has 1,670 bronzes with inscriptions in pre-Qin. There are 11,000 pieces of gold and silver, 19,000 pieces of lacquer ware, 6,600 enamels, which are ancient works of art.

Jade is the pride of the collection of the Palace Museum, China's 5,000-year civilization, even dating back 8,000 years of history through the Museum's jade collection, it can be concatenated, series a complete history of the chain.

Ceramics, a Museum of the Imperial Palace is the largest collection of ceramics in the world, is an astronomical figure, and a total of 367,000, 95% above are produced in Jingdezhen Imperial kiln porcelain.

In addition, the National Palace Museum collection of 11,000 pieces of carving, 13,000 pieces of other processes. In our collection of meticulously kept, more difficult to keep this bonsai, half a meter tall, trunk is made of gemstones, flower petals are made of jade, peg to hang up those leaves are ivory dye, stained teeth. So whether it is cleaning, handling, as well as exhibitions or even, be extra careful. There is a very interesting collection, called life. Some foods, such as traditional Chinese medicines, such as Pu-Erh tea. This was part of a PU-Erh tea. There are some strange things, such as a Kang mat below, 16 two meters long, is made of ivory Kang mat. Four treasures, pieces of paper, ink, he was so mortified comes to 68,000, number of lots. We have 6,200 on Ming and Qing furniture, non-purple pear.

Today we speak of "along the way", the Palace is the Ming and Qing dynasties "along the way" an important fulcrum. Lots of through "along the way" tribute to the Princes of Moab, merchandise trade, cultural exchange in kind kept in the National Palace Museum. Western clocks, most 18th century Western clocks collection, the best quality in the National Palace Museum, our collection of 2,200 Western clocks.

Military honor guard, the Hall of ceremonies, celebrations before using the equipment, including the clock and the Shao music, also a large number, 33,000. Engraved is the very important heritage, you know with text artifacts, heritage is more directly about history without words. Shigu is ten in national treasure of our country's national treasures. Unearthed in the Yin ruins of Anyang Oracle bone, we check the Museum's Web site know, housing a collection of 4,700 pieces. In fact our barn houses a collection of 23,000. Each piece needs naming, sentenced, and this work is still in progress, can be completed after about three years. A total of 600,000 pieces of ancient documents, 240,000 of them blush's book Edition, is the world's largest collection collection a museum.

　　National treasure then moved south of story twists and turns

1931 Japanese invasion of Northeast and North China in an emergency. Palace Council, convened the Council. Arrive at decisions, avoid enemy across part of the Forbidden City cultural relics, through the Beijing-Hankou railway to Shanghai. Forbidden city who nail the box, a total of 13,491 boxes were nailed. From January to May of 1933, is divided into five batches shipped to Shanghai. Tensions later in 1936 and shipped to Nanjing. But in May 1933, the last batch of artifacts carted off after, the Palace people start cleaning not carried away artifacts from 1934 started a clean up clean up for 6.5 years. 1189,000 what cleanup does not migrate to the South is the most did not migrate to the South and did not move south is a large quantity. Like said 6,200 pieces of furniture, such as 1,500 of the carpet, yushanzi, porcelain, large bronzes which are no way to move south, to stay. Heritage of the South? In 1936, 1937 and nervous, and three routes westward, as far as the path all the way to Kunming and go to Chongqing, Sichuan. Most dangerous road Qin Shu Road, Shaanxi and Sichuan into Sichuan. There is one along the upstream of the Yangtze River in Sichuan.

In 1945 the Japanese surrendered, thus these relics of the forbidden city began concentrated in the West to the Mount Emei this place set and in 1947 returned to Nanjing. War of liberation started, no more out of the box. In December 1948 to January 1949, much of the material collected in Shanghai, including the National Palace Museum in Hong Kong (to be delivered to Taiwan), have no merchant fleet, can carry a Navy warship. First ship artifacts, the second ship of the Imperial Palace of the forbidden city relics, the third ship stopped off in the middle. How much do this? Carrying two ship half the National Palace Museum artifacts, 2,972 boxes. Only 13,491 boxes across cultural relics go 2,972 boxes, away 22%,78% no time, they returned to the National Palace Museum.

They returned to the National Palace Museum and returned to the us in the public eye, they keep spreading excellent Chinese traditional culture played an important role. Our collections to the public, and we repair expansion of ancient architecture and open, our audience continues to grow. Therefore, UNESCO's International Council of museums, for the repositioning of the Palace Museum, the Palace Museum was known as one of the world's top five museums.

(Central Commission for discipline inspection supervision site Xiaoyu finishing)

Responsible editor: Zhao Jiaming SN146

Article keywords:
Shan jixiang, the forbidden city's Palace Museum

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故宫博物院院长上中纪委网站节目介绍藏品数量|故宫|单霁翔|故宫博物院_新闻资讯
故宫博物院院长单霁翔

　　原标题：故宫有多少件珍贵文物？故宫博物院院长“数家珍”

　　故宫作为一座博物馆，从建筑到收藏，无不凝聚着中国劳动人民的集体智慧和汗水。每年有多少观众走进故宫？故宫有多少件文物藏品？带着这些问题，让我们走进《廉洁文化公开课》，“做传统优秀文化的忠实守望者”，聆听故宫博物院院长单霁翔，讲述如何传承与保护优秀传统文化。

　　做优秀传统文化的忠实守望者

　　单霁翔

　　故宫大家并不陌生，这是一块充满故事的地方。在1925年的10月10日，紫禁城有了一个新的名字，叫“故宫博物院”。当天乾清宫的大门打开了。大家想一想一个封闭了几百年普通老百姓不能进入的地方，一旦大门打开迎接普通民众，无疑是一个重大的文化事件。当天在3000多名社会名流的见证下，紫禁城高举了一块新的牌子，叫“故宫博物院”。当天究竟多少市民、多少公众进入了第一天开放的故宫博物院，今天并没有准确的统计。但是我们的老员工回忆，当天下午当观众离去的时候，他们从地上捡起被踩掉的鞋，整整捡了一大筐。这就是当天的情景。昔日的紫禁城成为一个公共文化场所以后，是格外引人注目的。

　　这些年故宫博物院的观众在持续增长。在2002年，当时故宫观众第一次突破了700万，成为当时世界上观众人数第二多的博物馆。第一多的博物馆在法国，叫卢浮宫。但是仅仅过了十年，到2012年，故宫的观众突破了1500万，达到1534万。世界上今天只有一座博物馆，每年要接待上千万观众，就是故宫博物院。为什么人们要到故宫博物院来？就是因为它有独具特色的文化魅力。每年不但要接待1500万普通观众，而且还要接待大量来宾、贵宾走进故宫博物院，感受中华优秀传统文化。

　　人们到故宫可能第一个是要看古建筑群，这里是世界最大规模的木结构建筑群、也是世界最大规模的宫殿建筑群。大家知道古都北京有一条清晰的中轴线：从永定门到钟楼，7.8公里，虚实结合。在这条中轴线上，最重要的一组建筑，莫过于“所谓9999间半”组成的紫禁城古建筑群。其实我们今天经过详细的统计，现在是9371间古建筑。它是世界文化遗产，所以北京的城市建设对于故宫的周边进行了有效的控制，14平方公里以内是不能建设高层建筑和大体量建筑，成为世界文化遗产的缓冲区。

　　今天这里有壮美的建筑、严谨的形制、绚丽的彩绘，都表明它是中国官式古建筑的最高形制。同时有很多生动的空间，都有很多值得诉说的历史故事。这里有这些精美的装饰、独特的色彩、真实的信息、典雅的园林。每一个角落都表明着它历史的厚重和它传承的中华传统文化。

　　故宫究竟有多少件文物藏品？

　　故宫博物院究竟有多少件文物藏品？我们一共有1807，558件套。珍贵文物占93.2%、一般文物占6.4%、资料只占0.4%，几乎件件都是珍贵文物。

　　故宫今天这些文物被分了25个大类、200多个类别。比如绘画，大家看到的《千里江山图》《五牛图》还有《韩熙载夜宴图》《清明上河图》这些都是重要的绘画，一共53，000件。书法，像《兰亭序》、《中秋帖》、《伯远帖》这样的重要藏品一共有75，000件。

　　还有2，800 件碑帖非常重要。这三项一共156，000件，是世界上无与伦比的、纸式文物最集中的一个收藏。

　　故宫博物院是收藏铜器世界上最多的博物馆，一共16万件，其中特别珍贵的有1，670件带先秦铭文的青铜器。还有11，000件金银器、19，000件漆器、6，600件珐琅器，这些都是传世的艺术品。

　　玉石器是故宫博物院收藏的骄傲，中华5000年文明，甚至上溯8000年的历史，通过故宫的玉石器收藏，可以把它串联起来，串联一个完整的历史链条。

　　陶瓷，故宫是世界收藏陶瓷最多的一座博物馆，是个天文数字，一共有367，000件，95%以上都是出品于景德镇的御窑瓷器。

　　此外，故宫还收藏有11，000件雕刻工艺、13，000件其它工艺。在我们的藏品中要精心保管、比较难以保管的就是这种盆景，半米高，枝干是宝石做的、花瓣是玉片做的，支楞起来的那些树叶是象牙染的，染牙。所以无论是清洗也好、搬运也好、展陈也好，都要格外的小心。有一类非常有趣的藏品，叫生活用具。还有一些食品，比如中药、比如普洱茶。上面这块就是当年的一块普洱茶。还有一些奇奇怪怪的东西，比如下面一个炕席，两米一六长，居然是用象牙做的炕席。文房四宝、纸墨笔砚一共是68，000件，数量也很多。我们还有6，200件明清家具，非紫檀即黄花梨。

　　今天我们所说的“一带一路”，故宫是明清时期“一带一路”的重要的支点。大量的通过“一带一路”的使臣纳贡、商品贸易、文化交流的实物保管在故宫博物院里面。比如西洋钟表，18世纪的西洋钟表收藏最多、品质最好的在故宫博物院，我们收藏着2，200架西洋钟表。

　　武备仪仗，太和殿前盛典、庆典使用的那些装备，包括钟和韶乐，数量也很大，33，000件。铭刻是非常重要的一类文物，大家知道有文字的文物，比没有文字的文物更直接述说历史。十面石鼓就是我们国家国宝中的国宝。出土于安阳殷墟的甲骨，大家查故宫博物院的网站会知道，收藏了4，700片。实际上我们的库房里收藏了23，000片。每一片都需要定名、需要判义，这件工作我们还在进行，大约在三年之后可以完成。古籍文献一共有60万件，其中有24万块是刷印的书版，也是世界上收藏书版最多的一座博物馆。

　　当年南迁国宝的曲折故事

　　1931年日寇侵略东北，华北告急。当时故宫是理事会制，召开了理事会。最后做出决定，故宫的一部分文物避敌南迁，通过京汉铁路运到上海去。于是故宫人就钉了这种箱子，一共钉了13，491个箱子。1933年的1月到5月，分五批运到了上海。后来形势紧张，1936年又运到了南京。但1933年5月最后一批文物运走了以后，故宫人开始清理没有运走的文物，从1934年开始一清理就清理了6年半。清理的结果有1189，000件并没有南迁，就是大多数没有南迁，并且没有南迁的都是体量大的。比如像刚才说的6，200件明清家具、比如1，500块大地毯、比如玉山子、瓷母，大型的青铜器这些都没有办法南迁，留下了。南迁的文物呢？1936年、1937年形势又紧张，于是又分三路西迁，最远的一条路一直到昆明，然后绕到了重庆、四川。最危险的一条路走的是秦蜀古道，从陕西然后走蜀道到了四川。还有一条就是顺着长江溯流而上到了四川。

　　1945年日寇投降，于是把集中在西部这些故宫的文物开始向峨嵋这个地方集中，然后1947年运回南京。解放战争开始了，就没有再开箱。1948年12月到1949年的1月，包括故宫文物在内的很多物资集中在上海港（准备运到台湾），已经没有商船船队了，只能搭载海军的军舰。第一艘装了故宫的文物、第二艘装了故宫的文物、第三船只装了一半就叫停了。这样装了多少？装了两船半故宫的文物，2，972箱。也就13，491箱南迁文物只装走了2，972箱，装走了22%，78%没有来得及装，就运回了故宫博物院。

　　这些文物重新回到了故宫博物院，回到了我们公众的视野中，它们不断地发挥着传播中华优秀传统文化的重要作用。我们的藏品对社会公布了，我们的古建筑逐渐修缮扩大开放了、我们的观众人数持续增长。所以联合国教科文组织国际博物馆协会，对于故宫博物院重新定位，故宫被称作世界五大博物馆之一。

　　（中央纪委监察部网站 肖羽 整理）

责任编辑：赵家明 SN146

文章关键词：
故宫 单霁翔 故宫博物院

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