Xinhua News Agency, asked the Philippine Sea arbitration case
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 15- question: ask the Philippines sea arbitration case
Xinhua News Agency, "Xinhua viewpoint" reporters Bai Jie, Yang Yijun, Wang Zhuolun
Upon request of the Philippines to establish Arbitration Tribunal will soon rule the South China Sea. Nanhai arbitration unilaterally instituted and promoted in the Philippines, uproar in the international community, Chinese officials-intensive statement responded to refute, academics, civil concern. Come the arbitration case? Philippines forced to what purpose? How China deals with? ……
Xinhua News Agency, "Xinhua viewpoint" nine questions of reporters has combed the circles and interviews with relevant government officials, legal experts, historians, answer to the question.
Question: the South China Sea comes the arbitration case?
On January 22, 2013, the Chinese Embassy in the Philippines said the Philippine Foreign Ministry note, Philippines the Philippines on the South China Sea, "maritime jurisdiction" instituted mandatory arbitration of disputes, and claims that it is based on the United Nations Convention on the law of the relevant provisions. The Chinese Government has repeatedly declared, does not accept, does not participate in the Philippines filed for arbitration.
On December 7, 2014, the Chinese Government on the question of jurisdiction raised by the Philippine Sea arbitration cases position papers, comprehensive and systematic description of China did not accept, does not participate in arbitration and the arbitral tribunal clearly has no jurisdiction in this case position and justifications.
However, under the Philippines insisted on pushing, still forced to advance by the arbitral procedure. At present, the Tribunal has completed trials on the real problem and will make a final decision in the near future.
"Ever since the 70 's of last century, long illegal occupation of the Philippines China's Nansha and construction. Now a thief, the abuse of unilateral arbitration the dispute settlement mechanism of the Convention, is a ' malicious prosecution ' and acts of blackmail. "The border of Chinese Academy of social sciences researcher Li Guoqiang said.
II ask: why are the South China Sea in the Philippines an arbitration case?
According to the Director of the Law Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Xu Hong on January 23, 2013, of commencement of the arbitration proceedings in the Philippines the next day, the Philippine Foreign Ministry released a document clearly describes the purpose of arbitration as "protecting our national territory and maritime areas", claims that do not "give up our national sovereignty", is very explicit about the true intention.
"The Philippines insisted on a unilateral lift, Nanhai arbitration case, the real objective is by means of arbitration this appropriation of its illegal invasion and occupation of China's Nansha Islands, from legally denying China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. "Professor, Faculty of international law, University of Ma Chengyuan said.
Executive Director of the International Law Institute of Wuhan University said Zeng Lingliang, as a legal way to solve the problem, "arbitration" may at first sound is generally accepted practice for the international community. The unilateral act of the Philippines is the use of the psychology of the people, with strong deceptive and deceptive.
Three questions: China's stance on the arbitration case?
On the issue of territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, will not accept unilateral recourse to third-party dispute resolution, is the consistent position of China. Beijing's stance and attitude that Philippine Sea arbitration case has been very clear: not to accept, not participation. Future decision making, also does not acknowledge, does.
Zeng Lingliang said that the territory dispute over sovereignty of the United Nations Convention on the law of the normative matters, while with regard to maritime delimitation, as early as 2006, the Chinese Government in accordance with the provisions of the Convention to exclude statements. "While the Philippines on the South China Sea arbitration case was carefully packaged, but are essentially belongs to the territorial sovereignty and maritime delimitation. ”
In addition, submit the dispute to arbitration also breaches between China and the ASEAN countries signed the Declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea, as well as resolve disputes through friendly consultation and negotiation between China and the Philippines the consensus.
"The practice illegal in the Philippines, two in bad faith, three unreasonable, not binding on the China, does not influence the exercise of their rights. "Li Guoqiang said.
Four questions: the authority of the arbitral tribunal is fair and just?
As the Philippines unilaterally request the establishment of a temporary institution, South China Sea Arbitration Tribunal in violation of the provisions of the Convention, forced to hear and the exercise of jurisdiction, is free to expand its powers and abuse of power.
Xiao Jianguo, Deputy Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Sea Division said, the Tribunal accepted illegal unjustified claims in the Philippines has in fact become agents of the Philippine side, completely from the third-party program due impartiality and discretion.
"Missing from the outset the establishment of the Arbitration Tribunal Foundation, just build castles in the air. "Xiao Jianguo said," for this illegal building, it should be removed, the Arbitration Tribunal shall be revoked. ”
"As a State party to the Convention, all Chinese do, not against international law, including the Convention, is not an International Tribunal, was forced to hear and the exercise of jurisdiction, arbitrary power abuses of power in the South China Sea the arbitral tribunal. "Li Guoqiang said.
Five questions: arbitration case is the South China Sea is not just a legal case?
"Arbitration case is not the South China Sea in the Philippines with legal disputes, but a political farce in legal coat. "Xu Hong said," plenty of evidence, the Philippines filed arbitration case's real aim is to deny the Chinese South China Sea territorial sovereignty over Nansha and its illegal to steal China's Nansha can legitimize. ”
Involvement of countries outside South China Sea arbitration case full of conspiracy. Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi has publicly said: "the Philippines insists on clearly behind and political action. ”
In fact, starting from 2013, the Philippines unilaterally initiate an arbitration, United States just go hand in hand. Only from the perspective of public reports, United States White House, Congress, the State Council, the military leaders expressed support for the Philippines.
Vice President of the Chinese society of international law, China Ocean society and Vice Chairman Zhang Hai-wen said that along with the United States promoting the "return to Asia" strategy, the South China Sea issue heats up. US public claim that islands of South China Sea territorial dispute concerning United States national interests. In this context, the sea must not be simply put in the arbitration case analysis under the framework of international law.
Liu asked: no participation means not?
Does not accept, does not participate in the Philippines referred to the South China Sea arbitration case, does not mean the Chinese Government inaction on this issue. In fact, from the Philippines to unilaterally initiate an arbitration case, China through various channels, and take various measures to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
On December 7, 2014, raised the South China Sea by the Chinese Government on the Philippine position on the question of the jurisdiction of arbitration case files. Zhang Xinjun, an associate professor at Tsinghua University law school, said of this position paper is a sign the Chinese Government "do something".
In addition, in October 2015, the arbitral tribunal after the ruling on jurisdiction and admissibility, the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued a statement that the ruling is invalid, not binding on the Chinese side, and a five-point legal basis.
China also through other channels, to the international community declared its position. Foreign Ministers, ambassadors, the spokesman, in meetings and talks, speeches, press conferences and other occasions to clarify China's stance to condemn acts of the Philippines.
Seven questions: not recognized not to enforce the award results are in breach of international law?
China's Foreign Ministry has repeatedly said that, regardless of the outcome of arbitration case, the Chinese side will not be accepted and recognized award, not of enforcement. China will not agree to any country with this award is based on talks with China on the South China Sea issue, and would not accept any countries, institutions and individuals based on the arbitral award, all demands and claims.
Many international law experts believe that the Philippine arbitration unilaterally in violation of international law, arbitral tribunals lack legitimacy, fairness, and China does not acknowledge, does the decision contrary to international law, "was labeled".
"Because the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction at the outset, so whatever ruling results favorable or unfavorable to China, do not have the force of law, naturally there is no implementation. "Ma Chengyuan said.
Sea-Secretary for Foreign Affairs of yujing said Ouyang, decision has not been made, people couldn't wait to jump to results of China's compliance with, and enforcement of the award. "These people do to China what kind of results? If you want to use the ruling to limit Chinese in the South China Sea sovereignty or sovereign actions, that proof that the arbitral tribunal is not ultra vires the referee? How this ruling might be a valid decision? ”
Eight questions: adverse ruling meant the loss of the South China Sea interests?
International law experts said that this situation only ruling be enforced appear, but China's position on the issue of arbitration cases are not accepted, do not perform, and no relevant execution of the arbitral institutions, so the outcome of arbitration will not affect the maintenance of sea rights and interests of the Chinese side.
Xu Hong said, whether from the Philippines to initiate an arbitration or the arbitral award, will not change China's sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and their adjacent waters of history and facts, not shake China's determination to safeguard national sovereignty and maritime rights and interests and the will, nor does it affect resolving the dispute through direct negotiations, China, as well as with countries in the region to jointly safeguard peace and stability of the South China Sea policies and positions. "Don't want any aspect being kidnapped by the case. ”
"This is a comprehensive strength and the will to battle, relating to territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests I had no room for compromise. The "yujing, said Ouyang.
Asked whether China "go it alone"?
On May 12, the Sino-Arab cooperation forum at its seventh session, held in Doha in the Doha Declaration, adopted at the ministerial meeting, stressed that Arab countries support China with the countries concerned on the basis of bilateral agreements and relevant consensus through friendly consultations and negotiations, the peaceful settlement of territorial and maritime disputes; stressed the need to respect the sovereignty of States and the United Nations Convention on the law of the State party enjoy the right to free choice of dispute resolution.
According to press reports, there have been about 40 countries in the South China Sea, China's position on the arbitration case made it clear that support both the ASEAN countries, including countries outside.
"The international community through consultation the South China Sea issue, maintaining sea peace stability and the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea stance of understanding and support, represents the voice of safeguard fairness and justice in the world. "Zeng Lingliang said.
He said following the Tribunal ruling, in the short term there may be some noise noise. In this regard, to maintain position on the South China Sea issue in China, policies, attitudes change, continue to firmly defend their rights and interests and the maintenance of peace and stability in the South China Sea.
(Editors: Dou Yuan UN833)
2016-05-15 13:28:01
Xinhua
新华社九问菲律宾南海仲裁案
新华社北京5月15日电题：九问菲律宾南海仲裁案
新华社“新华视点”记者白洁、杨依军、王卓伦
应菲律宾请求建立的南海仲裁案仲裁庭将于近期作出裁决。菲律宾单方面提起并推动南海仲裁案，在国际上闹得沸沸扬扬，中国官方密集表态回应驳斥，学界、民间广泛关注。仲裁案由何而来？菲律宾强推目的何在？中国如何应对？……
新华社“新华视点”记者梳理了各界关注的九个问题，并采访有关政府部门官员、法学专家、历史学者，就上述问题一一作答。
一问：南海仲裁案由何而来？
2013年1月22日，菲律宾外交部照会中国驻菲大使馆称，菲律宾就中菲有关南海“海洋管辖权”争端提起强制仲裁，并声称其依据是《联合国海洋法公约》有关规定。中国政府多次郑重声明，不接受、不参与菲律宾提起的仲裁。
2014年12月7日，中国政府发表关于菲律宾所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件，全面系统阐述中国不接受、不参与仲裁以及仲裁庭对本案明显没有管辖权的立场和理据。
然而，在菲律宾执意推动下，仲裁庭仍然强行推进程序。目前，仲裁庭已完成对实体问题的审理，并将于近期作出最终裁决。
“自上世纪70年代以来，菲律宾长期非法侵占中国南沙岛礁并大搞建设。现在却贼喊捉贼，滥用《公约》争端解决机制单方面提起仲裁，是一种‘恶意起诉’和讹诈行为。”中国社会科学院边疆研究所研究员李国强说。
二问：菲律宾为何要提南海仲裁案？
据外交部条法司司长徐宏介绍，2013年1月23日，在菲律宾启动仲裁程序的第二天，菲外交部就发布了一份文件，明确把提请仲裁的目的描述为“保护我们国家的领土和海洋区域”，声称不要“放弃我们的国家主权”，把真实意图很露骨地讲了出来。
“菲律宾执意单方面提起南海仲裁案，实质目的是通过仲裁这种手段将其非法侵占的中国南沙岛礁据为己有，从法律上否定中国的领土主权和海洋权益。”中国政法大学国际法学院教授马呈元说。
武汉大学国际法研究所执行理事长曾令良说，作为解决问题的一种法律途径，“仲裁”乍一听是能为国际社会普遍接受的做法。而菲律宾的单方面行为正是利用了人们的这种心理，具有较强的欺骗性和迷惑性。
三问：中国对仲裁案采取什么立场态度？
在领土主权和海洋权益问题上，绝不接受单方面诉诸第三方争议解决办法，是中国的一贯立场。中国政府对菲律宾南海仲裁案的立场和态度一直很清楚：不接受、不参与。未来裁决结果作出后，也将不承认、不执行。
曾令良说，领土主权争议不是《联合国海洋法公约》的规范事项；而关于海洋划界，中国政府早在2006年就根据《公约》规定作出了排除性声明。“虽然菲律宾对南海仲裁案进行了精心包装，但本质上都属于领土主权争议和海洋划界问题。”
此外，将南海争议提交仲裁也违背中国同东盟各国签署的《南海各方行为宣言》，以及中菲之间通过友好磋商和谈判解决争议的共识。
“菲律宾的做法一不合法，二不守信，三不讲理，对中国无约束力，不影响中国行使自己的权利。”李国强说。
四问：仲裁庭是否公平公正权威？
作为应菲律宾单方面请求建立的一个临时机构，南海仲裁案仲裁庭违反《公约》规定，强行审理和行使管辖，属随意扩权和滥权。
外交部边海司副司长肖建国表示，仲裁庭一味全盘接受菲律宾的非法无理主张，实际上已沦为菲方的代理人，完全偏离了第三方程序应有的公正立场与审慎品格。
“仲裁庭从一开始就缺失成立的根基，恰如凭空建立的空中楼阁。”肖建国说，“对于这幢违法建筑，应予拆除，有关仲裁庭应予撤销。”
“作为《公约》缔约国，中国所做的一切，针对的不是包括《公约》在内的国际法，也不是国际海洋法法庭，针对的是强行审理和行使管辖权、随意扩权滥权的南海案仲裁庭。”李国强说。
五问：南海仲裁案是不是单纯的法律案？
“菲律宾南海仲裁案绝不是一起单纯的法律纠纷，而是一场披着法律外衣的政治闹剧。”徐宏说，“大量证据表明，菲律宾提起南海仲裁案的真实目的就在于否定中国对南沙岛礁的领土主权，并将其非法窃取中国南沙岛礁的行为合法化。”
域外国家的介入更让南海仲裁案充满阴谋意味。外交部长王毅曾公开指出：“菲律宾的一意孤行，显然有幕后指使和政治操作。”
事实上，从2013年菲律宾单方面提起仲裁起，美国就如影随形。仅从公开报道看，美国白宫、国会、国务院、军方都有政要表达过对菲律宾此举的支持。
中国国际法学会副会长、中国海洋学会副理事长张海文说，随着美国推进“重返亚太”战略，南海问题逐渐升温。美方公开声称，南海岛屿领土争议事关美国国家利益。在这个背景下，南海仲裁案绝不能简单地放在国际法框架下分析。
六问：不参与是否意味着不作为？
不接受、不参与菲律宾所提南海仲裁案，并不代表中方在此问题上无所作为。实际上，从菲律宾单方面提起仲裁案起，中国就通过多个途径、采取多种手段维护自身合法权益。
2014年12月7日，中国政府发表关于菲律宾所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件。清华大学法学院副教授张新军表示，这一立场文件是中国政府标志性的“有所作为”。
此外，2015年10月，仲裁庭就管辖权和可受理性作出裁决之后，中国外交部发表声明，指出裁决无效，对中方没有约束力，并阐述了五点法理依据。
中方还通过其他多种渠道向国际社会宣介自身立场。外交部长、驻外大使、发言人等，在会见会谈、演讲、记者会等多个场合阐明中国立场，批驳菲方行径。
七问：不承认不执行裁决结果是否违反国际法？
中国外交部多次表示，无论仲裁案最终结果如何，中方都不会接受和承认裁决，更不会执行裁决。中国不会同意任何国家以此裁决为基础与中方商谈南海问题，也不会接受任何国家、机构和个人以仲裁裁决为基础提出的一切诉求和主张。
多位国际法专家认为，菲律宾单方面提起仲裁违背国际法，仲裁庭缺失合法性、公正性，所谓中国不承认、不执行裁决结果违反国际法，“完全是贴标签”。
“由于仲裁庭一开始就不具有管辖权，所以无论裁决结果对中国有利还是不利，都不具备法律效力，自然也就谈不上执行问题。”马呈元说。
外交部边海司司长欧阳玉靖表示，判决还没有作出来，有人就迫不及待地跳出来要中国遵守、执行裁决结果。“这些人究竟要中国执行什么样的结果？如果是要用这个裁决来限制中国在南海的主权主张或者主权行动，那岂不正好证明了仲裁庭是在越权裁判？这个裁决又怎么可能是个有效的裁决？”
八问：不利裁决是否意味着丧失南海权益？
国际法专家表示，这种情况只有裁决得到执行才会出现，但中国在仲裁案问题上的立场是不接受、不执行，且仲裁庭没有相关执行机构，因此仲裁结果不会影响中方维护南海权益。
徐宏说，无论是菲律宾提起仲裁，还是仲裁庭作出裁决，都不会改变中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有主权的历史和事实，不会动摇中国维护国家主权和海洋权益的决心和意志，也不会影响中国通过直接谈判解决有关争议，以及与本地区国家共同维护南海和平稳定的政策和立场。“希望任何方面都不要被这个案件所绑架。”
“这是一场综合实力和意志的较量，涉及我领土主权和海洋权益的事没有妥协空间。”欧阳玉靖说。
九问：中国是否“孤军奋战”？
5月12日，在多哈举行的中阿合作论坛第七届部长级会议通过《多哈宣言》，强调阿拉伯国家支持中国同相关国家根据双边协议和地区有关共识，通过友好磋商和谈判，和平解决领土和海洋争议问题；强调应尊重主权国家及《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国享有的自主选择争端解决方式的权利。
据记者了解，已有约40个国家对中国在南海仲裁案上的立场明确表示支持，既包括东盟国家，也包括域外国家。
“这是国际社会对中国通过协商处理南海问题、维护南海和平稳定、全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》立场的理解和支持，代表着世界上维护公平正义的声音。”曾令良说。
他表示，仲裁庭作出裁决后，短期可能会有一些杂音噪音。对此，中国要保持在南海问题上立场、政策、态度不变，继续坚定维护自身权益、维护南海和平稳定。
(责任编辑：窦远行 UN833)
2016-05-15 13:28:01
新华网