National finless porpoise damaged farmers ignore the ban into the opened up | protected | finless porpoise | _ the Yangtze River news

Original title: Yangtze River Swan islet pork production plant ban in the bird sanctuary and more than

Reporter Huang yan Teng Fei

Production, factories, banned is repeated. Yangtze River a national finless porpoise faced "foreign invasion", shortening the 70,000 acres of protected areas from planning to more than 30,000 acres, became a microcosm of the ecological protection of the Yangtze River's misfortune.

　　Protection of trapped: "plans of 70,000 acres shrunk to more than 30,000 acres"

Well, Hubei Yangtze River Swan Islet in 2016 will increase 9 finless porpoise Dolphin national nature reserve new Member total will be close to 70. However, around the year 2010, the number of finless porpoises increased reserves only for 2-3.

Sanctuary is located in Shishou, Hubei Province, in the bend of Jingjiang River upstream, is currently the middle reaches of the Yangtze River's only natural conservation and ex situ conservation with State-level nature reserves, 21 km of the old course of the Yangtze River finless porpoise in protected areas of natural habitat of treasure.

However, the reporter learned that, with the increased development along the Yangtze River, and lack of enforcement of laws and measures, makes the survival of finless porpoise environment continued to deteriorate, development and operation of protected areas is facing "restrictions".

On one hand, pollution of the Yangtze River remains serious, protected areas pollution more than. Chinese Academy of fishery Sciences introduced Wei wei, Chief Scientist, he worked at the middle reaches of the Yangtze River section of the multiple investigations, coastal cities and factories like vertical water of the Yangtze River, now get some treatment, built a sewage treatment plant, but the effect is still not optimistic. "Industrial sewage outlets along the coast reported one or two, but in reality hundreds of sites. ”

Recent monitoring data from the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee showed that sewage emissions increase, increased 29.64 billion tons from 2005 to 2014 33.88 billion tons, a total increase of 4.24 billion tons, the total increase in 14.3%.

This reporter has learned, Shishou and Jianli and protected areas close to several rural life of production water is taken from protected areas in the old course of the Yangtze River, but sewage disposal to the protected areas of the old row.

Swan island national nature reserve Deputy Director Zhang Zhenhua said, reserves of water than the main stream of the Yangtze River water, good grade III, sent the four, even five water quality.

The other hand, "three-zone" in name only, space is shrinking. According to the aquatic wild animal protection Ordinance, in the nature reserve "core, buffer and experimental zone", banned from production and operation activities, including core prohibiting human activities. Wei wei, Zhang Zhenhua, introduction, not to mention the buffer and experimental zone, even the core business is commonplace.

Swan Island protected area, many beaches are the Yangtze River has become "fertile fields" agricultural production all year round. Zhang Zhenhua said that the reserve is open to the public, despite the ban on farming, but farmers ' year-round agricultural production, ban useless, increase in agricultural non-point source pollution.

Zhang Zhenhua said resignedly: "nearly 70,000 acres of protected area planning, but actually contracted to more than 30,000 acres. Over the years, this flat is constantly being eroded in agricultural production. ”

In addition to agricultural production, and some local industries also "rush" into the protected area. In 2014, the Swan island is located within the experimental area of Shishou sanctuary built an agricultural processing plant. Laying the Foundation to start building, we knew nothing of this, consultations with local Government to no avail, and finally through to the provincial environmental protection departments to report complaints, was able to tear down the factory. "Zhang Zhenhua said.

　　Management of trapped: "water go, we go"

Environment and external environment constraints development of protected areas and protected areas within the development environment is difficult. First is the shortage of professionals and infrastructure backward.

It is understood that the Swan Island area of the reserve is not small, but the real professionals only 2, outside patrolling, monitoring, management and other staff are often overstretched. In addition, insufficient infrastructure protected areas also face. Swan island is a national nature reserve, but construction of monitoring facilities have not been in place, monitoring protection by "running".

Secondly, the status of vulnerable, management becomes "where water, it tube to which" situation. According to the survey, economic development and ecological protection in previous years often conflict, communication difficulties between the reserve and the local government.

Zhang Zhenhua: "ecological conservation is to contribute to human, do not contribute to local, counter to the fishermen, but also limiting local Government landed for industrial projects, and so on, to some extent do not have access to local support and cooperation. ”

Planning protection of fishermen displaced, in accordance with the policy, the fishermen placed is the responsibility of local governments and tasks, but switched to shore fishermen every year to the sanctuary in front of fighting. "The car, lock all, weak local governments placed last trouble falls in protected areas on the head. ”

Third, water reserves, protected areas have no say. Swan Island protected area in 1998 years ago is communicated with the Yangtze River, after a heavy flood in 1998, was built upstream of the old dikes, blocking the Yangtze River, makes protected areas stagnant water, can only rely on Swan Island gate downstream of drainage or water diversion from the Yangtze River.

"But preserve essential jurisdiction of the pumping stations in the hands of local water conservancy departments, every time we go to their water and a water pump. "Zhang Zhenhua said that the protected areas of demand is not the water Department of the primary factors to consider, they have to consider the interests of local governments and farmers. If the water would flood some farmers illegally Beach, if pumping could cause farmers water difficult, so every time the coordination of water reserves are troublesome.

　　Way to crack: speeding up economic restructuring, strengthening law enforcement efforts

Wei wei, Zhang Zhenhua and other experts, the difficulty for the protected area lies in local development and ecological protection are not coordinated law enforcement difficult, unknown there is the main law enforcement, law enforcement is inadequate, and so on.

At present, the aquatic wild animal protection Ordinance are useless, local transformation of economic development mode has difficulty, experts suggest, in the Yangtze River "no development, to protect" under the Central spirit, strengthen the implementation of relevant environmental protection regulations and policies, and assessment the baton at the same time, speed up the economies of certain cities along the Yangtze River.

First of all deal with the relationship between development and protection. Wang Ding, and other experts believe, for river dolphin protection and to step up publicity, particularly change the idea of local development, alleviate contradictions ideologically. Simultaneously, ecological compensation policy, the local governments are responsible for straightening out relation between environment and economic contradictions. Under conditions of moderate introduction of eco-tourism to drive local economic development, harmonization of environmental and economic interests.

Zhang Zhenhua said that laws must be strictly implemented, otherwise the responsibility relationship is still not smooth. Strict law enforcement still need to further clarify the subject. Wei wei put forward in the hope that people can understand, aquatic organisms in natural ecosystems is not just a plate of fish on the table, and relates to the whole ecological safety.

Secondly, solve development issues within the reserve, also required the State to increase conservation funding and policy inputs. Want with modern remote monitoring facilities, accelerate the construction of upstream water pumping station; isolation devices, increased legal awareness logos.

The other hand, increased establishment, attracting professionals. Zhang Zhenhua said that the protected areas more remote, difficult living conditions, master's prepared are willing to come, Dr is not willing to come. "Protected areas in urgent need of rescue teams and technicians but now are mostly engaged in farming background, who will care? ”

Responsible editor: Wang Hao

Article keywords:
Reserve finless porpoise in the Yangtze River

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国家级江豚保护区遭破坏 农民无视禁令闯入开垦|保护区|江豚|长江_新闻资讯

　　原标题：长江天鹅洲豚类保护区里生产建厂禁而不止　

　　记者 黄艳 滕菲　

　　搞生产、建工厂，明令禁止却屡禁不止。长江边一个国家级江豚保护区面临“内忧外患”，保护区面积从规划的7万亩缩减至3万多亩，成为长江生态保护之困的一个缩影。

　　保护之困：“规划的7万亩萎缩至3万多亩”

　　顺利的话，湖北长江天鹅洲豚类国家级自然保护区2016年将增加9名江豚新成员，累计总数将接近70头。然而，2010年左右，这个保护区内的江豚年增数量仅为2－3头。

　　保护区位于湖北石首市境内、在九曲荆江的上游，是目前长江中游唯一的自然保护和迁地保护结合的国家级自然保护区，保护区内21公里的长江故道成为江豚自然生息的宝地。

　　但是，记者走访了解到，随着沿江开发的力度加大，执法力度和措施的不足，使得江豚生存的大环境仍在恶化，保护区的建设发展和运行也面临各种“掣肘”。

　　一方面，长江排污仍然严峻，保护区内污染不止。中国水产科学研究院首席科学家危起伟介绍，他曾在长江中游一江段多个调查，沿岸城市和工厂像长江直排污水，现在得到一定治理，建起了污水处理厂，但是效果仍然不乐观。“而沿岸工矿企业的排污口报的一两处，但实际上大几百处。”

　　来自长江水利委员会的最新监测数据显示，废污水量的排放量逐年增加，从2005年的296.4亿吨增加到2014年的338.8亿吨，共增加42.4亿吨，总增幅14.3％。

　　记者了解到，石首市和监利县与保护区临近的几个乡镇农民生活生产用水都是从保护区的长江故道里取，但同时污水排放也向保护区的故道里排。

　　天鹅洲国家级保护区副主任张振华说，保护区的水质不如长江干流的水质，好的地方三类水质，差的地方四类，甚至五类水质都有。

　　另一方面，“三区”形同虚设，面积不断萎缩。根据我国《水生野生动物保护实施条例》，在自然保护区的“核心区、缓冲区、实验区”，禁止从事生产经营活动，其中核心区禁止人类活动。危起伟、张振华等介绍，且不说缓冲区和实验区了，连核心区的生产经营活动也是司空见惯。

　　在天鹅洲保护区内，长江边很多滩涂都成了“良田”，一年四季都有农业生产。张振华说，保护区是开放式，尽管明令禁止在里面种地，但是附近农民常年搞农业生产，禁令形同虚设，农业面源污染有增无减。

　　张振华无可奈何地说：“保护区的面积规划的接近7万亩，但实际上萎缩到3万多亩。这些年来，滩涂不断地被农业生产蚕食。”

　　除了农业生产，一些地方工业项目也“闯”入保护区。2014年，天鹅洲所在的石首市在保护区的实验区内开工建设一座农产品加工厂。打地基开建了，我们才知道这个事，跟地方政府协商无果，最后通过向省环保部门举报申诉，才得以拆掉这个工厂。”张振华说。

　　管理之困：“水涨到哪，我们管到哪”

　　大环境、外部环境掣肘保护区发展的同时，保护区内部发展运行的小环境也是困境重重。首先是专业人员数量不足和基础设施落后。

　　据了解，天鹅洲保护区的面积不小，但真正的专业技术人员只有2名，外巡护、监测、内管理等人手常常捉襟见肘。另外，保护区的基础设施也面临不足。天鹅洲虽是国家级保护区，但是监控设施至今没有建设到位，监控防护基本靠“脚跑眼看”。

　　其次，地位弱势，管理变成了“水到哪，管到哪”的局面。据调查，前些年经济发展与生态保护常常冲突，保护区与地方政府之间沟通协调存在困难。

　　张振华坦言：“维护生态是给人类做贡献，没有给地方做贡献，反而还产生渔民转产等矛盾，限制地方政府工业项目落地等等，一定程度上得不到地方的支持与配合。”

　　由于规划保护涉及渔民转产转业，按照当初的政策，渔民安置是地方政府的职责和任务，但是转产上岸的渔民年年都到保护区门前闹事。“拦车、锁门都有，地方政府安置不力，最后麻烦事就落在保护区头上。”

　　第三，保护区的水量，保护区没有发言权。天鹅洲保护区在1998年前是与长江连通的，1998年大洪水后，故道的上游修建起了堤防，阻断了长江水，使得保护区成了死水，只能依靠下游的天鹅洲闸排水或者从长江引水。

　　“但是保护区至关重要的泵站管辖权在地方水利部门手里，每次都是我们去求他们放水、抽水。”张振华说，保护区的需求并不是水利部门首要考量的因素，他们要考虑地方政府和农民的利益。如果放水，就会淹掉一些农民的违法占用的滩涂，如果抽水可能造成农民取水困难，所以每次协调保护区的水量都大费周章。

　　破解之道：加快经济转型，加大执法力度

　　在危起伟、张振华等专家看来，保护区面临的困境主要在于地方发展与生态保护还不相协调，法律执行有困难，存在执法主体不明、执法力度不够等问题。

　　目前国内的《水生野生动物保护实施条例》之所以形同虚设，说明地方经济发展模式转变还有困难，专家建议，在长江“不搞大开发，要搞打保护”的中央精神下，加强落实相关生态保护法规政策，同时调整考核指挥棒，加快沿江城市经济转型。

　　首先处理好发展与保护的关系。王丁等专家认为，对于江豚保护，要加大宣传力度，尤其是转变地方发展理念，从思想上缓解矛盾。同时匹配生态补偿政策，由地方政府负责理顺环境和经济矛盾关系。有条件的情况下，适度地引入生态旅游，带动地方经济发展，协调环境和经济利益。

　　张振华说，相关法律一定要得到严格落实，否则责权利关系依然理不顺。严格执法还需进一步明确执法主体。危起伟提出，希望人们都能明白，自然生态系统中的水生生物不仅仅是桌上的一盘鱼，而关系到整个生态的安危。

　　其次，解决保护区内部发展问题，还需国家加大对生态保护资金和政策投入。一方面希望配备现代化远程监控设施，加快建设上游提水泵站等；设立隔离装置，增加相关法律宣传标识等。

　　另一方面，增加编制，吸引专业人才。张振华说，保护区比较偏远，工作生活条件艰苦，硕士有编制才愿意来，博士根本不愿意来。“保护区急需救护队，但是现在的技术人员多是搞养殖出身，哪有人会救护？”

责任编辑：王浩成

文章关键词：
保护区 江豚 长江

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