Reflection to the enterprises do not need electricity to the national grid pay: maintenance cost of equipment required
Daily reporter Wang Xin Yi
On May 16, referred to in the people's daily in a survey article, company just installed transformers, even without electricity, but also to pay high fees for a long time.
To solve this problem, the daily economic news reporter, a staff member of the national grid. According to the staff, the people's daily article above referred to "transformer basic prices", in fact, is part of a two-part electricity pricing, charge this fee for power supply companies mainly because of the maintenance of lines and transformers.
"Even if you have no electricity, these costs are also produced. It's like selling vegetables, even if nobody buys tomatoes, stock, sold this part of the cost is borne by the consumer. "The staff member said.
China energy NET Han Xiaoping, the Chief Information Officer, told the business daily journalist, in accordance with current policy, power supply companies charge a capacitor electricity tariffs are reasonable, but because of the cost of construction of power grid enterprises is not transparent and difficult to define whether the charges are reasonable.
This round of reform, power companies is to hold the "middle", and transmission and distribution price is in accordance with the "permit cost + a fair return" principle. Last June, the national development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Board jointly publish the cost of transmission and distribution price supervision and examination procedures (trial implementation), clarified the provisions for cost accounting in power grid enterprises.
Han Xiaoping believes that with the advance of reform, two-part electricity pricing may be cancelled in the future, the cost would also be better regulation of power grid enterprises.
Basic tariffs to cover the running costs of the people's daily said in the report, enterprises are most dissatisfied with is the "basic electricity Transformers" System. Company just installed transformers, even without electricity, but also to pay high fees for a long time.
Basic tariffs are part of a two-part electricity price. The so-called two-part electricity price, referring to the supply Department of the large industrial enterprises of electricity price system, prices are divided into basic (volume) price and electricity price in two parts, basic tariff according to the user's maximum demand or user equipment capacity calculation, electricity tariff record electricity consumption calculated every month by the user.
Why not electricity will have to pay the electricity bill? Network staff in these countries told reporters that the two-part pricing is mainly for large customers, especially industrial users. Grid power supply to users, you need to set up lines, installation of transformers, even suspended electricity grid company also needs line's maintenance costs.
Power sector official told a local reporter for the daily news, "transformer basic tariff" is mainly covering losses of the transformer, and the loss of electricity and fees are in accordance with the provisions of the enterprise when the electricity is suspended, consultations with the local power sector is not free to charge.
Han Xiaoping introduced capacity maximum demand of electricity price according to the user, or the transformer's maximum capacity, while the maximum amount may only appeared for a short time in history, "from this point of view, the basic price does not make much sense. ”
Han Xiaoping told the business daily reporters, in times of economic growth, enterprises operating at full capacity, the problem is not large, but now going to capacity, decrease of the production of some enterprises, has highlighted the problem of basic electricity price.
Above the local power sector official told reporters that if consumption fell, companies can apply for a transformer, such prices can come down, "Enterprise one call will solve all the problems. ”
But in terms of enterprise, to change the transformer capacity is much more complex. Under the existing rules of the electricity service, user volume reduction, must submit an application to power supply Enterprise 5 days in advance, volume reduction, must be the whole or the whole set of stop or replacement of small capacity transformers power transformers.
Similarly, if the user needs to suspend power supply, must also apply to the supply made 5 days in advance, can suspend power twice in a year, not less than 15 days at a time, today suspended a year may not exceed 6 months. Advancing solutions being modified, reflected in the enterprise, transformer problem of excessively high basic price then what is it? These national grid workers told reporters, high low need to have, not simple.
From the head of the private enterprises in Henan told reporter at the daily news, its factory of transformers to 250,000 volts, just need to pay basic charges but if we reduce the transformer up to a 315,000 kV, required to pay hundreds of Yuan per month fee.
Han Xiaoping introduced charges around the capacity price varies as to whether this level is reasonable, cannot at the moment make a judgment.
Han Xiaoping, "said national grid operating cost is not transparent, the effectiveness of the investment and to judge. ”
This modified one of the guiding ideology, is the transmission and distribution of power grid enterprises in accordance with the "permit cost + a reasonable profit" approved, Shenzhen and West Inner Mongolia first to second batch of pilot also is in accordance with the costs of transmission and distribution price supervision and examination procedures (trial implementation) to develop transmission and distribution price.
In Shenzhen, for example, calculated according to the electricity sold by the 2014, after the reform of electricity prices brought down electricity costs by 900 million Yuan. In March this year, transmission and distribution tariff reform by expanding to 18 provincial power grids and a regional power grid.
According to the people's daily reported recently, the newspaper reporter, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, jiaxing city of Luoyang City, Henan province, Zhengzhou, and 53 companies the cost of investigations, and Zhejiang and Henan are outside the first three pilot range.
The heads of private enterprises, the daily economic news reporters, now market conditions are not very good, is hoping to bring down the cost of electricity, "coal prices have dropped so much, price is not changed, it is certainly not reasonable. ”
In accordance with the scope to expand transmission and distribution price reform related matters notice of transmission and distribution tariff reform in 2017 will be in full swing. Han Xiaoping believes that with the advance of reform, two-part electricity pricing may be cancelled in the future, the cost would also be better regulation of power grid enterprises.
(Editors: Xu Yonggang UN006)
2016-05-17 13:50:39
The World Wide Web
国家电网回应企业不用电也缴费：维护设备需成本
每日经济新闻记者 王辛夷
5月16日，《人民日报》在一篇调查文章中提及，企业只要装了变压器，即使不用电，也要长期交纳不低的费用。
针对这一问题，《每日经济新闻》记者采访了国家电网的一位工作人员。据该工作人员介绍，《人民日报》上述文章提到的“变压器基本电价”，实际上是两部制电价中的一部分，供电公司收取这一费用主要是因为线路和变压器的维护。
“即使你不用电，这部分费用也是产生的。就好像卖菜的，就算没人买西红柿，也一样要进货，卖不出去的这部分成本还是由消费者来承担。”这位工作人员说。
中国能源网首席信息官韩晓平告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，按照目前的政策规定，供电企业收取电容电费是合理的，但由于电网企业建设成本不透明，很难界定收费标准是否也是合理的。
本轮电改中，电网企业是要被管住的“中间”，输配电价也将按照“准许成本+合理收益”的原则制定。去年6月，国家发改委和国家能源局共同发布了《输配电定价成本监审办法（试行）》，对电网企业成本核算提出了明确的规定。
韩晓平认为，随着电力改革的推进，两部制电价未来有可能会被取消，电网企业的成本也会得到更好的监管。
基本电费用来覆盖运行成本《人民日报》在上述报道中提到，企业反映最不满意的是“变压器基本电费”制度。企业只要装了变压器，即使不用电，也要长期交纳不低的费用。
基本电费是两部制电价中的一部分。所谓两部制电价，指的是供电部门对大工业企业实行的电价制度，将电价分成基本（容量）电价与电度电价两部分，其中基本电费按用户的最大需量或用户接装设备的最大容量计算，电度电费按用户每月记录的用电量计算。
为什么不用电也要交电费？上述国家电网工作人员告诉记者，两部制电价主要是针对大用户，尤其是工业用户。电网公司向这些用户供电，需要架设线路，安装变压器，即使企业暂停用电，电网公司也一样需要支出线路的维护费用。
一位地方电力部门负责人告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，“变压器基本电费”主要是覆盖变压器的损耗，而这个损耗在电费中的占比以及企业暂停用电时的费用都可以按照规定，与当地电力部门协商，并非随意收取。
韩晓平介绍，容量电价按照用户的最大需量，或者变压器的最大容量计算，而最大用量可能只是在历史上出现过很短的时间，“从这个角度看，基本电价确实不太合理。”
韩晓平对《每日经济新闻》记者表示，在经济形势较好时，企业满负荷运营，这个问题并不大，但现在要去产能，部分企业的产量有所下降，基本电价的问题就凸现出来了。
上述地方电力部门负责人告诉记者，如果企业的用电量出现下降，企业可以申请降低变压器容量，这样基本电价就可以降下来，“企业一个电话就可以解决问题。”
不过在企业方面看来，要改变变压器容量就复杂多了。根据现行《供电营业规则》，用户减容，须提前5天向供电企业提出申请，减容必须是整台或整组变压器的停止或更换小容量变压器用电。
同样的，如果用户需要暂停电力供应，也须提前5天向供电企业提出申请，一年内可以暂时停止用电两次，每次不得少于15天，一年累计暂停时间不得超过6个月。解决问题还待电改推进那么，企业所反映的，变压器基本电价过高的问题又是怎么回事呢？上述国家电网工作人员对记者表示，高不高需要有比较，不能简单判断。
一位来自河南的民营企业负责人告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，其工厂的变压器为250千伏，刚好不需要交基本电费，但如果将变压器向上调一档到315千伏，每个月就需要缴纳数百元的费用。
韩晓平介绍，容量电价在各地的收费标准不一，至于这一收费水平是否合理，暂时还无法作出判断。
韩晓平表示，“国家电网运营成本不透明，投资的有效性也难以判断。”
本轮电改的指导思想之一，就是将电网企业的输配电价按照“准许成本+合理利润”来核定，深圳、蒙西等第一、二批试点也已经按照《输配电定价成本监审办法（试行）》来制定输配电价。
以深圳为例，按照2014年的售电量计算，电改后带来的电价下降降低了9亿元的用电费用。今年3月，输配电价改革试点范围扩大至18个省级电网和1个区域电网。
据近日《人民日报》报道，该报记者对浙江省杭州市、嘉兴市和河南省郑州市、洛阳市的53家企业成本状况展开调查，而浙江、河南均不在前三批电改试点范围之内。
上述民营企业负责人对《每日经济新闻》记者表示，如今市场情况不太好，非常希望可以把用电成本降下来，“煤价都跌了这么多了，电价还是没有变，这肯定不合理。”
根据《关于扩大输配电价改革试点范围有关事项的通知》，输配电价改革将在2017年全面推开。韩晓平认为，随着电力改革的推进，两部制电价未来有可能会被取消，电网企业的成本也会得到更好的监管。
(责任编辑：徐永刚 UN006)
2016-05-17 13:50:39
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