China will head transplants carried out the world's first? Expert: nonsense head transplants--IT information
Recently a lot of press from the "India times" reported that first in the world to accept "for surgery" patient will before a Russia changed to the Chinese, this operation will be fenced by the Chinese medical team, is expected in China at the end of next year. The message true? Chinese experts involved in the research say?
Print medium "interesting articles"
14th India the economic times (not called the India times) weekend, "close-up" published an article on Italy doctor kanaweiluo in China human head transplant article, the author is a brain surgeon named Prakash-Chandra.
Xinhua reporters found that in New Delhi, who often published articles about brain surgery in the media. This entitled him to the head! In heaven article says, when he chats with kanaweiluo on social media, they revealed their "intended" operation carried out first in China next year, limb paralysis, brain surgery is a sound Chinese. Also said that a surgical team in China has successfully conducted experiments succeed. Previous one Russia computer programmer required for this kind of surgery, Korea applicants.
India's peers in the media view, from the perspective of the content of the article, which is a focus on readability of interesting articles, not news, nor serious professional articles. In India writing this article many academics, some of them in order to maintain visibility, or for business purposes. Worth noting is that kanaweiluo in the article joked, in India in ancient mythology, the elephant's head be transplanted to humans, creating an elephant God, this controversial medical procedures in India likely to be accepted. It can be seen that kanaweiluo also want India to promote change plans.
Local counterparts also said this article is the product of two people in the industry feel free to chat, not announced a serious plan. In India, such an article, the author does not assume any responsibility.
Chinese experts denied
Since April last year Italy doctor kanaweiluo announced, ready for children with spinal muscular atrophy of the Russia people since the head transplants Spiridonov implementation, and kanaweiluo study surgery technology implications of Ren Xiaoping of China-Harbin Medical University Professor and his research team have been media reports. Kanaweiluo said: "Ren Xiaoping is the one to lead this project. ”
But when a reporter interviewed Ren Xiaoping, a professor asked when first received when Chinese head replacement, he flatly said the "significant" message is nonsense , " from last year to now, I have said to the media, called the body for head, first, operative time up! Secondly, in which country do not! The research still has a long way to go. Since much progress to the point where surgery, be specific about to change now, it's all gossip chatter . "
Ren Xiaoping said he did not know India media said the Chinese team, who but had contact with kanaweiluo exchange for head of the Chinese side of the project team is led by himself. "But I do not understand India why do media reports, many media in the reprint series when a strange, some transplant in a Conference last year in the new message, next month ' we ' going to the United States to collective appearance, this is simply impossible."
Ren Xiaoping said that his domestic team has been through animal experiments in the laboratory "reconstruction" (the professional head replacement) for about 3 years of study. "In terms of scientific research, some professors abroad to cooperate with us, Italy kanaweiluo doctor is one of them. Our team's focus is now striving to solve some technical and challenging scientific and ethical problems, if one day in the future a major breakthrough in scientific research, or clinical research is needed, can interfere with the body. Even if you do, our country must have authority and corresponding regulations to regulate the project is by no means a doctor or researcher can decide where and who ".
For what is the point of
When it comes to changing the significance of research, Ren Xiaoping pointed out that current cancer, congenital spinal muscular atrophy and paraplegic diseases there is no treatment. Breaking through some of the key technologies of the future on the basis of people suffering from these diseases and brain health persons, transplant health body but brain death is a kind of potential treatment options. Now brain dead heart, kidney and other organ transplants, transplant body is not completely studied.
Russia Ministry of health zhagainuofu of transplant physicians said that existing technology cannot guarantee that a truncated nerves, especially the spinal cord and the resurrection, even if postoperative survival in patients with paralysis. Ren Xiaoping responded that some muscle atrophy would curl up to not breathing, paraplegic who has a serious complication of the whole body, to preserve his life. They transplanted a healthy body, is expected to extend life for a long time, in this case even though paralyzed after surgery is also not without significance.
United States medical ethics expert at New York University Langone Medical Center Kaplan believes that if I could get another head, so why not for intraoperative spinal cord recovery technology to cure paralysis? For this problem, explained Ren Xiaoping, many car accidents, severe paraplegia caused by falling ground belonging to a hard object rubbing "crush injury", its force of up to 26,000 by Newton, and serious injury to spinal cord transected facial tissue. And used a scalpel to make spinal cord transected in the laboratory with a force of only 10 Newton, this "acute injury" on the transected facial tissue damage is less than the former. Than using stem cells and fusion agents attempt to recover the "sharp injuries" of neural function, relatively large feasibility.
Ren Xiaoping also pointed out that the idea needs more experiments to achieve, needs more resources and policies to support in order to shorten the process of preclinical studies, rely solely on the individual doctor or scientist's efforts to complete this vast subject, now also fail to provide any timetable for achieving ultimate results.
中国将进行全球首例换头手术？专家：无稽之谈 - 换头手术 - IT资讯
日前国内很多媒体转载源自“《印度时报》”的消息称，世界首位接受“换头手术”的患者将由此前的一名俄罗斯人改为中国人，这例手术将由中国医疗团队操刀，预计明年底在中国实施。这一消息属实吗？参与相关研究的中国专家怎么看？
印媒“趣味文章”
本月14日印度《经济时报》(并非所谓《印度时报》)周末“特写版”刊登了一篇关于意大利医生卡纳韦罗计划在中国进行人头移植的文章，作者是一名叫普拉卡什-钱德拉的脑外科大夫。
新华社驻新德里记者发现，此人经常在媒体发表有关脑部手术的文章。这次他在题为《抬起头来！天堂来了》的文章中说，他在社交媒体上与卡纳韦罗聊天时，对方透露其“打算”明年在中国进行首例换头术，接受手术的是一个肢体瘫痪、大脑健全的中国人。文章还说，中国的一个手术团队已成功对尸体进行过相关试验，取得成功。先前有一名俄罗斯电脑程序员要求进行这样的手术，也有韩国人申请。
印度的媒体同行认为，从文章的内容看，这完全是一篇侧重可读性的趣味文章，不是新闻报道，也不是严肃的专业文章。在印度撰写这类文章的学界人士很多，其中一些人是为了保持知名度，或为了某些商业目的。值得注意的是，卡纳韦罗在文中调侃道，在印度古代神话中，大象的头被移植到人身上，创造出一个象鼻神，因此这种有争议的医疗手段在印度容易被接受。可以看出，卡纳韦罗也希望在印度推介换头计划。
当地同行还表示，这篇文章是两个业内人士随意网上聊天的产物，并不是宣布一个严肃的计划。在印度，这类文章的作者不用承担任何责任。
中国专家否认
自去年4月意大利医生卡纳韦罗宣布，准备为患有脊髓性肌肉萎缩症的俄罗斯人斯皮里多诺夫实施换头手术以来，与卡纳韦罗研究探讨过手术所涉科技问题的中国专家——哈尔滨医科大学的任晓平教授及其研究团队已被媒体多次报道。卡纳韦罗甚至表示：“任晓平是可以领导这个项目的人。”
但当记者采访任晓平教授、询问首位接受换头术者何时换成中国人时，他断然表示，上述“重大”消息纯属无稽之谈，“从去年到现在我都对媒体说，对于所谓的人体换头术，首先，手术时间没定！其次，在哪个国家做没定！这项研究还有很漫长的路要走。既然远没有进展到做手术的地步，现在具体地谈换头，这都是茶余饭后的闲扯”。
任晓平表示，他不知道印度媒体所说的中国团队究竟是谁，但此前与卡纳韦罗接触交流换头术课题的中方团队是由自己牵头的。“但我不明白，印度媒体为什么这样报道，很多媒体在转载时编得很离奇，把去年某个学术会议中的一些情节移植到新消息中，说下个月‘我们’要到美国去集体亮相，这简直是天方夜谭”。
任晓平介绍说，他所领导的国内团队已在实验室中通过动物实验对“头身重建”(换头术的专业说法)开展了约3年的研究。“在科研方面，一些国外教授在与我们合作，意大利的卡纳韦罗医生是其中之一。目前我们团队的重点是力争先行解决一些技术和有挑战性的科学伦理问题，如果将来哪一天科研方面有了重大突破，或者说需要临床研究了，才可能涉及人体。即使要做，我们国家也肯定有主管部门和相应法规来规范这么大的项目，绝不是某位医生或科研人员就能决定在哪儿做，给谁做”。
换头有何意义
谈到开展换头研究的意义，任晓平指出，目前对于癌症复发、先天脊髓性肌肉萎缩症和高位截瘫等顽疾没有治疗办法。未来在突破一些关键技术的基础上，为患有上述疾病但脑部健康者，移植躯体健康但脑死亡者的身体不失为一种有潜力的治疗选项。目前脑死亡者的心脏、肾脏等器官都可供移植，移植躯体并非完全不能研究。
俄罗斯卫生部的移植医师扎盖诺夫曾表示，现有技术无法保证被截断的神经特别是脊髓相容并复活，就算术后患者存活也会瘫痪。对此任晓平回应说，某些肌肉萎缩者会蜷缩到无法自主呼吸，一些高位截瘫者有严重的周身并发症，难以保住性命。为他们移植健康的躯体，有望更长久地延续生命，在这种情况下即使术后瘫痪也并非全无意义。
美国纽约大学兰贡医疗中心医学伦理专家卡普兰认为，如果能换头，那么为什么不用换头术中的脊髓恢复技术先治好瘫痪呢？对于这一问题，任晓平解释说，很多车祸、高处坠落导致的严重截瘫属于硬物碾搓的“压榨伤”，其受到的外力可达2.6万牛顿，脊髓断离面的组织会受到严重伤害。而在实验室用手术刀使脊髓断离所用的力只有10牛顿，这种“锐性损伤”对断离面组织的伤害其实小于前者。二者相比，用干细胞和融合剂尝试恢复受到“锐性损伤”的神经功能，可行性相对较大。
但任晓平也指出，上述设想需要更多的实验来实现，需要更多的资源和政策来支持，以缩短临床前研究的进程，单靠个别医生或科学家的努力难以完成这一巨大的课题，现在也无法给出取得最终成果的时间表。