Shenzhen comprehensive economic competitiveness first cohabitation index top | | | urban ills _ the urban competitiveness of Shenzhen news
After each reporter Hu Jian
From Huawei, ZTE from Shenzhen "running away" rumor came loss of Shenzhen's attractiveness to enterprise it?
Although rumored to be evidence that this is not the truth, but there is no smoke, full of vitality and innovation city of Shenzhen in recent years have gradually city Grill.
In fact, the young metropolis of Shenzhen is increasingly reflect a contradiction both sides of color-May 30, Chinese Academy of social sciences economics strategy Institute published the China's urban competitiveness report 2016 (hereinafter the report), show in the city of Shenzhen ranked first for the second year in a row to the comprehensive economic competitiveness; but at the same time, the city also topped the really worrying.
Competitive top
According to the report, 2015 comprehensive economic competitiveness index's top ten cities in China are: Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei, Tianjin, Beijing, Suzhou, Wuxi and Macau.
From 2014, comprehensive economic competitiveness of ten cities list has not been changed significantly, only surpass Taipei ranked fourth, Beijing beyond Suzhou ranks seventh.
Shenzhen top for two consecutive years. Statistics show that Shenzhen in 2015, the city's GDP amounted to 1.75 trillion yuan, an increase of about 8.9% general public budget income of 272.7 billion yuan, an increase of 31%; 21% growth in fixed asset investment, a 17-year high.
In addition, 2015 top ten harmonious urban competitiveness of Shenzhen topped the list. Rankings were: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Xiamen, Ningbo, Suzhou, Qingdao, Dalian, Weihai.
On May 29, which was held in Guangzhou, "International Forum", the Shenzhen Mayor Xu Qin openly clarify that "Huawei, ZTE will not leave Shenzhen. Huawei has just submitted to the Shenzhen City Government development plans, there is no withdrawal plans in Shenzhen, ZTE will always be in Shenzhen. ”
In many ways, excellent enterprise of the city still has a strong suction. 2015 knowledge cities competitiveness top ten are: Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuhan and Dalian. Beijing has 3 consecutive years ranked first, beyond Shanghai and Shenzhen as the biggest attraction.
Reported that Shenzhen although in financial, technology and there is a certain gap between Beijing and Shanghai, but manufacturing advantages, emergence of Huawei, ZTE, BYD, a large number of influential local manufacturing companies and a large number of export-oriented small and medium enterprises, became an important manufacturing center.
Xu Qin, is promoting innovation-driven development strategy of Shenzhen Municipal Government, Shenzhen has 4% per cent of GDP for research and development funding, will continue to increase in the future.
Urban ills growing
Assistant to the President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of financial strategy NI Pengfei, told the daily news reporter, city competitive cities, cities are becoming increasingly serious. Single population centre overly aggregation is an important cause leading to the city.
Said city disease, people will quickly think of Beijing and Shanghai, Shenzhen's "urban disease" index not only among the top ten, even into the top spot.
Shenzhen are "sick" where is it? The daily economic news reporter found, many of the indicators linked to the disease in the city, Shenzhen ranks is in front, in addition to one outside, the rest are in the top ten.
First of all be safe, big cities are facing public security, criminal population base continues to expand. In the city business district, fringe, railway stations, hotels, hotels, entertainment, there are prone to the negative factors leading to crime, causing law and order problems. Larger population, population mobility in Shenzhen City crime rate is relatively high, at 0.221%, in criminal cases on the index list in the first place.
In the area of transport, the report shows, general traffic jams in major cities nationwide, traffic congestion score average of 1.74. In Beijing, Jinan, Harbin, Hangzhou, Dalian, Guangzhou, Shanghai, ranks among the top ten traffic jam in China cities such as Shenzhen, Shenzhen ranked 8th, a score of 1.86, more than average.
Housing stress is typical of big city disease characterization. Housing problem in big cities clearly, high prices, and far exceeded the income level of ordinary people. The last 1.5 years, Shenzhen property market buoyant, the city's average room rate by the end of 2014 29577 rose to the highest point of 56149 Yuan/square meter/square meters, rising as high as 90%.
House price-income ratio referred to in the report in ten major cities, Shenzhen and Beijing, Wenzhou, just below, house price-income ratio of 14.5, rank third.
38 major cities nationwide data shows that problems with lack of medical facilities and difficulty, average number of beds was only 36.8 per million people. From top city hospitals, health bed nervous situation, Shenzhen is also into "three". Due to the large size, the hinterland population, on average only 25.6 beds per million people.
The next step, Shenzhen, where to go?
To find out the root of the city disease, demographic factors are one of the most important aspects. The report says, clustering is the city's most fundamental characteristics, population and industry gathered to bring positive effects, but the population to gather in the center of the city, once you get beyond a reasonable level, will lead to increased negative factors.
International experience shows that the optimal population density per square kilometre of the city of about 10,000 people. 38 major cities nationwide data shows that a total of 15 over the optimal size in the center of the city. Top cities in relatively serious population explosion in China, Shenzhen ranks sixth.
The report said, driven by market forces alone will usually exceed the optimal scale of urban development led to an "urban disease" and other serious problems, due to market failures, needs better play to the role of Government.
Solution where? NI Pengfei said that China's large city centre is generally missing, urban ills growing despite top-level functional division of labor between the city and the network have surfaced, but significant characteristics of hierarchical links between lower-level cities, city network links are far from forming.
Shenzhen very typical. Development (Shenzhen), Deputy Director of the Institute Mr. Guo Wanda believes that cities must be restored, "economic geography", that is, after the spatial distance separating the real economy, through city traffic, and the free flow of personnel, finance, logistics to reduce "economic geography", shorten the separate market, break down institutional obstacles, the integration and the Metropolitan.
NI Pengfei also hold the same view, believe that Intercity rapid transportation network establishment and area in the open development process, China will gradually form a contact system networked cities. Network of urban functions, function of horizontal division of labour and complementarity between different cities.
Now, Shenzhen has begun to move towards this goal. The daily economic news reporter noted that, in implementing the Shenzhen-Dongguan, Guangdong Province, Hui (3+2) Northwest regional coordination development of economy, Guangdong development strategic background and Shenzhen dongjin, Shenzhen, Heyuan cities will be more closely in the future, joint development.
According to the Shenzhen Municipal Government in disclosing the information, from 2013 to 2017, Shenzhen announced 300 million yuan of financial and manpower arrangement in the form of shares in formation of investment and development company, as well as corresponding financial arrangements financial counterpart of each building area in Shenzhen helping Heyuan County Industrial Park.
NI Pengfei, recommendations to strengthen urban planning and management, by raising the prospect of urban planning and scientific, lead the healthy and sustainable development of the city, at the same time improve the supply structure of urban infrastructure and public services, build fast and convenient city commuting system, to reduce crowding on the offset of the Metropolitan economies of scale.
Responsible editor: Kun Qu SN117
Article keywords:Urban competitiveness of Shenzhen City
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深圳综合经济竞争力第一 城市病指数同居榜首|深圳|城市竞争力|城市病_新闻资讯
◎每经记者 胡健
从华为到中兴，从深圳“出走”的传闻接连不断，难道深圳丧失对优秀企业的吸引力了么？
尽管相关传言被证明并非实情，但无风不起浪，而深圳这座活力满满的创新城市近年来也的确逐渐遭受大城市病的炙烤。
实际上，深圳这个年轻的大都市正日益体现出颇具矛盾色彩的两面——5月30日，中国社会科学院财经战略研究院发布《中国城市竞争力报告2016》（以下简称《报告》），显示深圳在城市综合经济竞争力方面连续第二年位列第一；但与此同时，其城市病指数同样位居榜首，着实让人担忧。
综合竞争力蝉联榜首
根据上述《报告》，2015年中国综合经济竞争力指数十强城市依次是：深圳、香港、上海、广州、台北、天津、北京、苏州、澳门和无锡。
与2014年相比，综合经济竞争力十强城市名单没有显著变化，只有广州超越台北跻身第四位，北京超越苏州跻身第七位。
深圳则连续两年蝉联榜首。资料显示，深圳2015年全市生产总值达1.75万亿元，增长8.9%左右；一般公共预算收入2727亿元，增长31%；固定资产投资增长21%，创17年来新高。
此外，2015年和谐城市竞争力十强深圳也位居榜首。排名依次为：深圳、北京、武汉、上海、厦门、宁波、苏州、青岛、大连、威海。
5月29日，在广州举行的“从都国际论坛”上，深圳市长许勤公开澄清，“华为、中兴都不会离开深圳。华为刚向深圳市政府提交发展规划，完全没有撤出深圳的计划，而中兴永远会在深圳。”
从很多方面看，这座城市对优秀企业仍旧有强大的吸力。2015年知识城市竞争力十强分别为：北京、深圳、上海、南京、广州、天津、杭州、苏州、武汉、大连。其中北京已经连续3年蝉联第一，而深圳超越上海成为最大看点。
报告称，深圳虽然在金融、科技方面与北京、上海还有一定差距，但制造业优势明显，涌现出华为、中兴、比亚迪等一大批有影响力的本土制造业企业和众多外向型中小企业，成为国家重要的制造业中心。
许勤表示，深圳市政府正在大力推进创新驱动发展战略，深圳用于研发的经费已占到GDP的4%，未来还会持续增加。
城市病日趋严重
中国社会科学院财经战略研究院院长助理倪鹏飞告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，城市竞争力强的城市，城市病也日趋严重。人口单中心过度聚集是导致城市病的重要原因。
说起城市病，以往人们都会迅速联想到北京和上海，其实深圳“城市病”指数不仅在前十之中，甚至已经排到榜首。
深圳都“病”在哪里？《每日经济新闻》记者发现，在城市病挂钩的诸多分项指标中，深圳排名都很靠前，除环境一项外，其余均在前十之中。
首先是安全，大城市正面临着公共安全问题，犯罪人口的基数不断扩大。在城市商业区、城乡结合部、车站、宾馆、酒店、娱乐场所等，存在着容易导致犯罪的消极因素，从而引起治安问题。人口规模较大、人口流动性强的深圳市刑事犯罪率相对较高，达到了0.221%，在刑事案件率指数榜上排在第一位。
在交通方面，报告显示，全国各大城市交通普遍拥堵，交通拥堵得分均值为1.74。北京、济南、哈尔滨、杭州、大连、广州、上海、深圳等跻身中国十大交通拥堵城市，深圳位列第8，得分1.86，超过均值。
住房压力是大城市病的典型表征。大城市住房紧张问题明显，房价高企，严重超出了普通居民的收入水平。过去一年半来，深圳楼市行情看涨，全市平均房价由2014年底的29577元/平方米涨至最高点的56149元/平方米，涨幅高达90%。
在《报告》提到的房价收入比指数前十名大城市中，深圳仅低于温州和北京，房价收入比为14.5，排名第三。
全国38个大城市数据显示，医疗设施短缺、看病难问题严重，平均床位数仅为36.8个/万人。从医院、卫生院床位紧张的前十大城市情况来看，深圳同样排进“三甲”之中。由于城市规模大，腹地人口数量多，平均每万人只享有25.6个床位。
下一步，深圳往哪走？
要找出城市病的病根，人口因素是最重要的一个方面。《报告》称，聚集是城市最基本的特征，人口与产业的聚集带来正面的积极效应，但是城市人口过度向中心城区聚集，一旦超出合理水平，就会导致负面的消极因素增加。
国际经验显示，城市最优人口密度为每平方公里约1万人。全国38个大城市数据显示，共有15个大城市中心城区超过最优规模。中国人口膨胀相对严重的前十大城市中，深圳排名第六。
《报告》称，单靠市场力量驱动下的城市发展通常会超出最优规模而造成“城市病”等严重问题，由于存在市场失灵，需要更好地发挥政府的作用。
解决之道在哪里？倪鹏飞说，中国大城市内部的多中心结构普遍缺失、城市病愈演愈烈；尽管顶级城市间功能分工和网络化已经浮现，但低级别城市间的等级化联系特征明显，城市网络化联系远未形成。
深圳表现得十分典型。综合开发（深圳）研究院常务副院长郭万达认为，城市必须重塑“经济地理”，即在实体经济空间距离分隔后，通过交通的同城化，人、财、物流的自由流动来缩短“经济地理”，缩短市场的分隔，破除体制机制障碍，形成一体化、大都市圈化。
倪鹏飞也持相同观点，认为在城际快速交通网络的建立和地区开放发展过程中，中国将逐步形成网络化的城市联系体系。城市功能网络化，即不同城市间形成水平分工和功能互补。
眼下，深圳已经开始向这一目标迈进。《每日经济新闻》记者注意到，在广东省实施深莞惠（3+2）经济圈区域协调发展、粤东西北振兴发展和深圳东进战略的背景下，深圳、河源两座城市未来将更加紧密，联动发展。
据深圳市政府公开资料，2013年至2017年，深圳市公布统筹安排3亿元财政资金以股份形式投入组建投资开发公司，同时深圳各共建区财政也安排相应资金对口帮扶河源各县区产业园。
倪鹏飞建议，要强化大城市规划与管理，通过提高城市规划的前瞻性和科学性，引领大城市健康、可持续发展，同时完善大城市基础设施和公共服务的供给结构，构建快速、便捷的城市通勤系统，以弱化拥挤效应对大城市规模经济的抵消。
责任编辑：瞿崑 SN117
文章关键词： 深圳 城市竞争力 城市病
每日经济新闻