Networks make it easier for people to get information, but may not be able to see the truth-the network, news-IT news
In recent times, we have witnessed too many reverse news, "Shanghai women flee the Jiangxi" proved false, "woman to save bite" ended up lying to donate, "loss of the right kidney" is actually a renal atrophy ... ... Truth seems always on the road, a crowd of users seems to be an emotional "roller coaster", despite overwhelming, "fact" is always difficult to uncovering the veil.
After each press reverse play real, onlookers can't hide its own mixed emotions, wrapped in the torrent of information, appears to be enjoying the convenience of information actually cheated by the information . After the flood, but lets be rational calm. However, in a similar message when a torrent is still difficult to change habits of their gullible. Press repeatedly reversing, Publisher of information while there are problems, the receiver itself also needs to be improved. Earlier this year, the people's daily published an article noting that, amid data released by the research center of the China Internet network media literacy survey shows, ability to network information critical to understand low impact of Chinese Internet users overall online media literacy, media literacy in the middle level of Internet users as a whole .
The age of the Internet, "media literacy" is not only a literacy requirement for media people, more Internet users one of the competencies required in the Internet world . China Taiwan Chengchi University's College of communication research on media literacy "media literacy" is defined, refers to the interpretation of public media, thinking media, shows media and using the media to voice, re-establish community media culture, and the spread of civil rights and responsibilities. United States media literacy pioneer scholar Rachel NI·huobusi pointed out, it's more like a cover of people's comprehensive ability of "big tent", more people receiving the information, information retrieval, identification, organization and utilization of capacity.
Internet users to information critical questioning skills will directly affect their attitudes and behavior on the network . Lacking media literacy of the netizens, criticism of a lack of independence, and the lack of critical power users, if misguided cognition tends to produce errors of fact.
Based on the facts observed in the past, insufficient media literacy online tend to be "stereotype" and "label symbol" dominant thought. In other words, affect their judgment of the facts is not the information itself, but in the minds of thinking and prejudices . Examples of this abound, as long as the received information to meet their emotional needs, they are easy to select, "believe", and further create "public opinion" push "facts" of the fermentation. Habits such as domestic public opinion about "old pence", the old man in the number of Internet users already have the "bad guys" stereotype, then see "Japan Kyoto Gion elderly Chinese pence" when they shelled without thinking "pence" man. As to whether the source of authority, or whether the fact that a complete, all these elements are ignored.
Objectively speaking, reversal of the press is a reflection of asymmetric information network in the field of public opinion. Asymmetric information, accountability to non-watching Internet users, but, in order to avoid inversion injury of the press and onlookers had to improve their ability to judge the information . Facts and truth, it is the existence of an objective, rather than "we need" exists. So, from a subjective perception, we must have the courage to accept the fact that cognition do not match with the own, the truth is objective evidence, and non-conformity with the moral values of the argument. Technically speaking, may wish to Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel two United States journalists in his book the truth of the "six questions" as the criteria: 1. what content I have? 2. do I get information is complete? If incomplete, what is missing? 3. source who/what? Why should I believe them? 4. provide evidence? What inspection or verification? 5. other possibilities to explain or understand what is it? 6. do I need to know this information?
A little exaggeration to say that, of the rise of the Internet and social media age in news as the time, and the worst of times. Each Internet user are both the Publisher and the receiver of the information, we are easier than ever to access information, it may not be easy to see the truth . Ease of access to information and, in some cases and the validity of the information is not directly proportional to. Without a certain degree of media literacy, even 24 hours a day online, may not be able to see that information "loopholes". So, as far as possible to improve their media literacy, capacity for independent thought, a specialized information capture, kidnapping will not be public opinion, also to avoid emotional "roller coaster" bumped.
网络让人更容易获取信息，却未必能看到真相 - 网络,新闻 - IT资讯
近段时间，我们见证了太多的反转新闻，“上海女逃离江西”最终证实子虚乌有，“女子救人被咬”最终成了骗捐，“右肾丢失”实际是肾萎缩……真相似乎永远都在路上，围观的网民似乎在坐情绪“过山车”，尽管信息铺天盖地，“事实”却永远难揭面纱。
每一出新闻反转剧坐实之后，围观者都难掩自己的复杂情绪，裹挟在信息洪流中，看似享受着信息的便捷，实则被信息欺骗。洪流过后，不免告诫自己要理性冷静。可是，下一次类似的信息洪流来袭时，依旧难以改变自己轻信的习惯。新闻一再反转，信息发布者固然有问题，信息接受者自身的素养也有待提升。今年年初，《人民日报》刊文指出，凯迪数据研究中心发布的《中国网民网络媒介素养调查报告》显示，对网络信息批判性理解的能力偏低，影响了中国网民的整体网络媒介素养，网民整体媒介素养处于中等水平。
互联网时代，“媒介素养”已不仅仅是对媒体人的一种素养要求，更是网民在互联网世界的必备能力之一。我国台湾政治大学传播学院媒体素养研究室对“媒介素养”的定义，是指大众能解读媒体、思辨媒体、欣赏媒体，进而利用媒体来发声，重新建立社区的媒体文化品位，并了解公民的传播权利和责任。美国媒介素养先驱学者蕾妮·霍布斯也曾指出，它更像是一个囊括了人们综合能力的“大帐篷”，更强调人们在接受信息时的信息检索、识别、组织以及利用能力。
网民对信息的批判质疑能力，将直接影响他们在网络上的态度和行为。缺乏媒介素养的网民，一定缺乏独立的批判能力，而缺乏批判能力的网民，如果受到误导势必产生对事实的错误认知。
基于对过往的事实观察，媒介素养不足的网民，往往被“刻板印象”和“标签符号”主导思维。也就是说，影响他们对事实判断的不是信息本身，而是思维定势和头脑中的偏见。这样的例子不胜枚举，只要接受到的信息符合他们的情绪需要，他们便很容易选择“相信”，并且进一步制造“舆论”推动“事实”的发酵。比如国内舆论习惯热议“老人碰瓷”，老人在很多网民心中已经有了“坏人”的刻板印象，那么看到“日本京都袛园中国老人碰瓷”的新闻时，他们会不假思索炮轰“碰瓷”老人。至于信源是否权威，或者事实是否完整，这些要素统统被忽略。
客观地说，新闻反转是网络舆论场中信息不对称的一种体现。信息不对称，非围观网民之责，但是，为避免新闻反转之伤，围观者必须要提高自己对信息的研判能力。事实和真相，这是一种客观的存在，而非“因我们需要”的存在。所以，从主观认知上来讲，我们要勇于接受与自己已有认知不匹配的事实，事实就是客观证据，而非与自身道德价值观相吻合的论据。从技术层面来讲，不妨以比尔·科瓦奇和汤姆·罗森斯蒂尔两位美国新闻工作者所著的《真相》一书中的“六问”为判断标准：1.我碰到的是什么新闻内容？2.我得到的信息是完整的吗？假如不完整，缺少了什么？3.信源是谁/什么？我为什么要相信他们？4.提供了什么证据？是怎样检验或核实的？5.其他可能性解释或理解是什么？6.我有必要知道这些信息吗？
稍微夸张地说，互联网以及社交媒体崛起的时代是新闻最多的时代，也是新闻最差的时代。每个网民都是信息的发布者与接收者，我们比以往更容易获取信息，却未必容易看见真相。信息获取的便捷性，某些时候和信息的有效性并不成正比。如果没有一定的媒介素养，哪怕我们24小时在线，也未必能看出信息“漏洞”。所以，尽可能提高自身媒介素养，保持独立思考的能力，做一个专业的信息捕捉者，才不会被舆论绑架，也避免自己在情绪“过山车”上颠簸。