Buy more than 25 million tons of crude oil last year 570 billion less _ | | crude oil import news
After each reporter Wang Xin Yi
On May 31, the National Energy Board issued the national oil reserve Bill (draft for soliciting opinions), offered to keep the country's oil reserves commensurate with the total oil consumption. In the nearly two-year bear market of crude oil, China's crude oil imports rose sharply. And the past, crude oil imports during the period of the week's main force is no longer just two barrels of oil. With the deepening of reform of oil, local refineries have joined the "group buying" crude force.
However, after 1.5 years of decline in international oil prices picked up over the first half of this year, there is a clear, and on Friday the 50 dollars a barrel mark on the disk station. Even so, are also yet to see signs of Chinese imports: 2、3、4yuefen this year, China's crude oil imports more than 30 million tons, a large number of ships laden with crude oil stopped at Qingdao port awaiting shipment to the chain, from the Middle East, South America, Russia's oil traders have come to China to compete for the market--the world's biggest oil importer, China has become the anchor pin of the international oil prices.
Since the second half of 2014 oil on long Xiong Tu, has for almost two years. In that time, as one of the world's most important crude oil consumer, China, quietly accelerated the rate of crude oil imports.
In 2014, China's imports of crude oil to 310 million tons in 2015 to reach 335 million tons, and the first 4 months of this year, the figure had reached 124 million tons. But 2015 2014 more than 25 million tons of crude oil imports at the same time, imports have more than 830 billion yuan, compared with 2014 1.4 trillion yuan, equivalent to savings of 570 billion yuan, fell a staggering 40%.
From July 2014 if counted in the past 22 months, China imported a total 616 million tons of crude oil, this figure exceeds the 2015 total crude oil consumption. Is also in the price of oil at a low ebb in 2015, China surpassed the United States as the world's largest importer of crude oil.
However, although still cruise ports of Qingdao, however, international oil prices has already said goodbye to the lowest. Since February this year, the international oil prices rising, until the end of May is close to 50 dollars a barrel.
"This pair of late Chinese imports will not be much affected. "Zhuo Liu Mengkai information analyst told the business daily in an interview analysis, local refineries import quota will increase on the one hand, on the other hand China's strategic oil reserve construction is not yet complete, both supported oil imports later.
On May 31, the National Energy Board issued the national oil reserve Bill (draft for soliciting opinions) (hereinafter referred to as the draft Protocol). This draft sets out, to keep the country's oil reserves and oil consumption to adapt.
Liu Mengkai introduced China's strategic petroleum reserve is roughly 50 days of imports, and goals for the future is at least 90 days.
Imports of 22 months ≈ 3 domestic production
In April this year, China, again more than the United States, quantities of imported 7.96 million barrels of crude oil a day to win the world's biggest importer of crude. The same month, China imported a total of 32.58 million tons of crude oil, is the third consecutive month that imports more than 30 million tons.
In the past 22 months, my monthly imports a total of 7 times more than 30 million tons of crude oil, for the first time took place in December 2014. At that time, international oil prices have been slipping for the past six months, nearly 50% lower than the prices at end-June of the same year.
Because of this, although in December 2014, imports more than 7 million tons in June, but the total amount of crude oil imports were lower than in June of more than 5 billion yuan.
In 2015, despite the fluctuations in international oil prices, but the potential has not stopped. When beginning, international oil prices at about 50 dollars a barrel, at the end of December, WTI and Brent crude oil prices have both fallen to about US $ 37 per barrel. This year, China imported 334 million tons of crude oil, an increase of 8.8%. Also in this year, China's dependence on foreign oil has surpassed 60%.
Told the business daily reporters interviewed a number of experts have said that despite lower oil prices and record imports lead to imported deflation risks, but for oil-consuming countries such as China, a decade of low prices is the increased import of time.
That was the case. Since July 2014 in international oil prices dropped in April this year, 22 months, China's imports of crude oil totaled 616 million tons, exceeded oil consumption last year, close to China in the past 3 years the sum of crude oil production.
However, Zhu 昉, Director of China Petrochemical Association information on the daily economic news reporters, in the recent years, imports of about 300 million tons every year, and nearly two years of imports was relatively stable.
"When prices fall, there's no telling whether continued to fall, so there's no bottom. "Zhu 昉 said" bottom to calculate the financial costs, the bulk of funds, so a lot of crude stored there, even buy low may not be cost-effective. ”
Lian, later strategic reserves to support imports
Entered in 2016, freeze expected support in international oil prices, has climbed from less than $ 30 in February to close to $ 50. Nevertheless, China hasn't slowed the pace of imports of crude oil.
Data already published 4 months of the year, except January crude imports was slightly lower than other 3 months in more than 31 million tons, more than 32.5 million tons in March and April. "Now will not because of the rebound of oil prices in China would reduce imports. "Liu Mengkai believes that even if oil prices hit 50 dollars, compared with two years ago, is still a relatively low price.
A Shandong smelting staff told the business daily journalist, despite the recent rise in oil prices, but its right to the enterprise to get crude oil imports last year, will not slow down the pace of imports of crude oil in the short term.
Has been allowed to import crude oil companies won a total of 70 million tons of annual quotas, and the application of section, local refineries can import this year is expected to exceed 100 million tons, close to the one-third of the country's total imports.
Another factor supporting oil imports is the strategic petroleum reserve. The end of 2014, NBS officially unveiled the national oil reserve information for the first time, showed the nation's oil reserve construction of the first phase of construction was completed in 2009, including Zhoushan and zhenhai, Huangdao and Dalian 4 national oil reserve bases, total reserves capacity of 16.4 million cubic metres, 12.43 million tons of crude oil reserves, equivalent to about 91 million barrels, about 9 days of consumption.
In December last year, the NBS website publishing information is displayed again. As of 2015 years, China has built 8 national oil reserve bases, total storage capacity of 26.8 million cubic meters. Next, you will also have plans to build 4 projects.
Released on May 31, the draft national oil reserves are divided into Government reserves and business obligations reserves, used to respond to emergencies caused by oil supply disruption or shortage.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) recommended its Member States reserve equivalent to 90 days of oil imports, according to estimates from the international advisory body Energy Aspects, if the target is a reserve equivalent to 90 days of crude oil imports, China's strategic oil reserve would require 540 million to 600 million barrels of crude oil.
"Our strategic petroleum reserve for less than this number, the future also needs to continue to import. "Liu Mengkai believes that this will be an important force in supporting China's oil imports.
Responsible editor: Kun Qu SN117
Article keywords:Crude oil imports
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我国去年多买2500万吨原油 少花5700亿|原油|原油进口_新闻资讯
◎每经记者 王辛夷
5月31日，国家能源局发布了《国家石油储备条例（征求意见稿）》，提出要保持国家石油储备规模与石油消费总量相适应。在近两年的原油熊市中，中国原油进口量大幅攀升。和以往不同，本周期内进口原油的主力军不再只是两桶油。随着石油体制改革的深化，地方炼油厂也加入了“团购”原油的大军。
不过，在经历了一年半的下滑后，国际油价在今年上半年出现了明显的回升，并在上周五盘中站上了每桶50美元大关。即便如此，目前也未看到中国减少进口的迹象：今年2、3、4月份，我国原油进口量都超过了3000万吨，大批满载原油的轮船停在青岛港等待运往各大地炼，来自中东、南美、俄罗斯的石油商人纷纷来到中国争抢市场——身为全球最大的石油进口国，中国已经成为国际油价的定海神针。
自2014年下半年原油踏上漫漫熊途，至今已近两年。在这段时间里，中国作为全球最重要的原油消费国之一，悄然加快了原油进口的速度。
2014年，中国原油进口量为3.1亿吨，2015年达到3.35亿吨，而今年前4个月，这一数字已经达到1.24亿吨。可就在2015年比2014年多进口2500万吨原油的同时，进口总值却只有8300多亿元，与2014年的1.4万亿元相比，相当于节约了5700亿元，降幅达到了惊人的40%。
如果从2014年7月开始算起，过去22个月里，中国共进口原油6.16亿吨，这一数字超过了2015年原油消费总量。也正是在油价处于低谷的2015年，中国首次超过美国，成为全球最大的原油进口国。
不过，尽管青岛仍然油轮压港，但国际油价已然告别了最低谷。自今年2月以来，国际油价一路走高，到5月底已接近每桶50美元。
“这对中国后期的进口量不会有太大影响。”卓创资讯分析师刘孟凯在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时分析，一方面地方炼油厂的进口配额还会增加，另一方面我国战略石油储备建设尚未完成，两者都会对后期的石油进口构成支撑。
5月31日，国家能源局发布了《国家石油储备条例（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《意见稿》）。这份《意见稿》提出，要保持国家石油储备规模与石油消费总量相适应。
刘孟凯介绍，目前我国的战略石油储备大致相当于50天的进口量，而今后的目标是至少达到90天。
22个月进口量≈国内3年产量
今年4月，中国再次超过美国，以每天进口796万桶原油的数量问鼎全球最大原油进口国。当月，我国总共进口了3258万吨原油，是进口量连续第三个月超过3000万吨。
在过去的22个月里，我国月度原油进口量一共有7次超过3000万吨，第一次发生在2014年12月。当时，国际油价已经连续下滑了近半年，比当年6月底的价格低了近50%。
正因为如此，虽然2014年12月的进口量比6月份多出700万吨，但原油进口总金额反而比6月份低了50多亿元。
2015年，国际油价虽有所波动，但下滑之势并没有停止。当年初，国际油价还在每桶50美元左右，到12月底，WTI和布伦特原油价格已经双双跌至每桶37美元左右。这一年，中国进口原油3.34亿吨，同比增长了8.8%。也是在这一年，中国原油对外依存度首次超过了60%。
接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访的多位专家纷纷表示，尽管低油价和高进口量会带来输入性通缩风险，但对于中国这样一个原油消费大国来说，十年不遇的低价正是增加进口的时机。
事实也正是如此。自2014年7月份国际油价下跌至今年4月，22个月里中国进口原油总量达到6.16亿吨，超过了去年全年的石油消费量，接近过去3年中国原油产量的总和。
不过，中国石化联合会信息部主任祝昉对《每日经济新闻》记者表示，我国近几年每年的进口量都在3亿吨左右，近两年的进口还算比较平稳。
“价格下跌的时候，谁也说不准还会不会继续跌，所以也谈不上抄底。”祝昉说，“抄底也要计算财务成本，那么大宗的资金，那么大量的原油储存在那里，即使是低价买入了也未必划算。”
地炼、战略储备支撑后期进口
进入2016年，国际油价受到冻产预期支撑，已经从2月份的不足30美元攀升至接近50美元。尽管如此，中国仍然没有放慢原油进口的脚步。
在今年已经公布数据的4个月份里，除了一月份原油进口量略低以外，其他3个月均在3100万吨以上，3月和4月都超过了3250万吨。“目前看我国不会因为油价的回升就减少进口。”刘孟凯认为，即使油价达到了50美元，和两年前相比仍然是比较低的价格。
一位山东地炼的工作人员告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，尽管近期油价有所上涨，但其所在企业去年才拿到原油进口权，短期内不会放慢进口原油的步伐。
目前已经获准进口原油的企业总共获得了7000万吨的年度配额，加上正在申请的部分，今年地方炼油厂可进口量有望超过1亿吨，接近全国总进口量的三分之一。
另一个支撑石油进口的因素是战略石油储备。2014年底，国家统计局首次正式公布了国家石油储备信息，显示国家石油储备一期工程已于2009年完成建设，包括舟山、镇海、大连和黄岛4个国家石油储备基地，总储备库容为1640万立方米，储备原油1243万吨，大约相当于9100万桶，约为9天的消费量。
去年12月，国家统计局网站再次发布信息显示。截至2015年年中，中国共建成8个国家石油储备基地，总储备库容2680万立方米。接下来，还将计划新建4个项目。
5月31日发布的《意见稿》将国家石油储备分为政府储备石油和企业义务储备石油，用来应对突发事件等引起的石油供应中断或者短缺。
国际能源署（IEA）建议其成员国储备相当于90天进口量的石油，据国际咨询机构Energy Aspects估计，如果中国的目标是储备相当于90天进口量的原油，中国的战略石油储备将需要5.4亿至6亿桶原油。
“目前我国的战略石油储备还不到这个数字，未来还需要继续进口。”刘孟凯认为，这将是支撑中国石油进口量的重要力量。
责任编辑：瞿崑 SN117
文章关键词： 原油 原油进口
每日经济新闻