Killing of Chinese peacekeepers have been committed by extremist groups which evil?

Yesterday the United Nations troops in Mali, terrorist attacks in the camps, a Chinese peacekeeper 1 die, 4 people were injured.

This attack is the infamous "base" organization North Africa Branch-"Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb" (AQIM).

After the attacks, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon strongly condemned, and request the Council over more than 2,500 peacekeepers deployed to Mali.

After the attacks, United Nations peacekeepers before the peacekeeping camp in China increased vigilance.

Outside (app ID:xjb-waishier) found that AQIM committed numerous crimes in recent years, in Northern Africa terrorist attacks, kidnapping for ransom, drug trafficking and firearms, it is evil.

　　"Rise"

AQIM's history dating back to the early 90 's "armed Islamic Group". In 1999, an "armed Islamic Group" members to Algeria surrender.

In 1962, the former France colonized Algeria independence, followed by the establishment of the secular regime. In 1989, Algeria Islamic groups in the Government party, had long been active in the "underground" and "Islamic Salvation party" become a legal political party.

In December 1991, Algeria's national elections, "the Islamic Salvation party," overwhelmingly won the election. But Islamic party ruling caused panic in Western countries.

In France and other Western countries, supported by Algeria's army launched a coup, declared the election invalid, overthrew the "Islamic Salvation party-led" Government. Algeria followed the civil war, from Afghanistan back to Islamic extremists who set up "Islamic armed group", hopes to regain power by force. In 1992, Algeria civil war.

In 1998, some members dislike "armed Islamic Group" extreme behavior, worried about alienating its supporters live in a separate House to set up a "Salafist Group for prayer and combat missions" ("sa"), mainly in Algeria in Northern activities. Algeria's military combat and soothe, including "pizza wars", many extremists to give up resistance, reintegrate Algeria society.

Outside (app ID:xjb-waishier) Note that, in this case, "pizza wars" decided to break through Algeria Northern sphere of influence gradually to neighboring Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and other countries. "Pizza wars" leader Round Rock Dell.

In early 2007, "pizza wars" new King of abodulemalike·deluokedaier announced that the "base" organization loyalty, "pizza wars" changed its name to "Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb".

　　Criminal

Outside (app ID:xjb-waishier) notes, in "pizza wars" period, the organization is planning a series of terrorist attacks.

In February 2003, the "pizza wars" militants kidnapped 32 European tourists. Except for 1 person died of heart attack, 17 people have been Algeria outside the army liberated the remaining hostage was released in August of the same year. The alleged "pizza wars" received a ransom of 5 million euros. In January 2013, attacked Algeria oil field.

In January 2013, branch of AQIM "masked brigades" of more than more than 20 armed men attacked the Algeria in amenas fields, which 37 hostages were killed, 7 missing.

Last November, the terrorist attacks of Radisson Blu Hotel, Bamako, the capital of Mali, resulting in 20 deaths, 3 Chinese citizens. AQIM issued a statement through the network, claims to have made the attack.

Outside (app ID:xjb-waishier) notes that only this year, AQIM has created two terror attacks against foreigners. In January, the attack on a hotel in the capital of Burkina Faso, France special operations forces preparing to enter the hotel.

The night of January 15, 3 terrorists broke into a hotel in Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina Faso, 27 people were killed and dozens of others injured.

The afternoon of March 13, Bassam, C?te d ' Ivoire seaside town 3 hotel attack, killing 14 civilians (4 European) and 2 soldiers were killed. AQIM has claimed responsibility for the attack.

In addition, AQIM has also repeatedly attacked UN peacekeepers. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said in July that since 2013 since the peacekeeping mission in Mali, there have been 42 peacekeepers were killed. AQIM ambushed convoys of the United Nations released a video screenshot.

Launched in July last year after the ambush against a convoy of the United Nations, AQIM ambush video was even released, leaders openly out!

　　Ride expansion

Extremists have so many murders, why can it not to suppress them?

Outside (app ID:xjb-waishier) notes that historically, States are strongly against extremist positions, but the effect is not significant. There are two main reasons:

North Africa region borders long and loose border, desert, jungle and other complex terrain, AQIM and counter-terrorism forces fight "guerrilla tactics." Second, these countries politically unstable, internal ethnic and religious components, its sovereignty has little control. In 2012, the civil war in Mali.

In 2011, the "Arab spring" after the outbreak of North Africa political unrest in many countries. Extremist forces in these countries further, AQIM extremists the opportunity to step up expansion.

In early 2012, and long-term rival Northern Agre with the Mali Government tribes waged armed rebellion; in March, some soldiers launched a military coup in the capital of Mali, the domestic situation into disarray.

Agre's expanding forces of AQIM in Mali "bigger and stronger", and ruled in a number of areas to implement Sharia law.

In September 2013, the Somali "Shabab" attacked the Kenya capital Nairobi shopping centre, 67 people were killed.

In addition, the outside thing (app ID:xjb-waishier) also noted that, in addition to the AQIM, North Africa region still exist in Nigeria, "Boko Haram", Somalia "Youth Party", and Libya "Islamic Fighting Group" and other extremist groups.

These extremist groups often with each other for "co-operation", to make it more difficult to combat.

References:

The "base" Maghreb Branch of microstructure evolution and behavior patterns, and the "Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb," Sahel and its Algeria effects such as

(Editors: Hao Long UN654)
2016-06-02 21:25:00
The Beijing News

杀害中国维和人员的极端组织犯下了哪些恶行？

　　昨天，联合国驻马里维和部队营地遭遇恐怖袭击，造成中国维和人员1人牺牲、4人受伤。

　　制造这起袭击的是臭名昭著的“基地”组织北非分支——“伊斯兰马格里布基地组织”(AQIM)。

　　袭击发生后，联合国秘书长潘基文表示强烈谴责，并请求安理会向马里增派2500多名维和人员。

袭击发生后，联合国维和人员在中国维和营区前加强警戒。

　　外事儿(微信ID：xjb-waishier)发现， AQIM近年来犯下累累罪行，在非洲北部地区制造恐怖袭击、绑架人质勒索赎金、贩卖毒品和枪支，可谓是无恶不作。

　　“崛起”

　　AQIM的历史最早可追溯到上世纪90年代的“伊斯兰武装团”。1999年，一名“伊斯兰武装团”成员向阿尔及利亚警方投降。

　　1962年，前法国殖民地阿尔及利亚独立，随后建立了世俗主义政权。1989年，阿尔及利亚政府解除对伊斯兰团体的党禁，此前长期活跃于“地下”的“伊斯兰拯救党”成为合法政党。

　　在1991年12月阿尔及利亚的全国选举中，“伊斯兰拯救党”以绝对优势赢得大选。但伊斯兰政党的执政引起了西方国家的恐慌。

　　在以法国为首的西方国家支持下，阿尔及利亚军队发动政变，宣布选举无效，推翻了“伊斯兰拯救党”主导的政府。阿尔及利亚随后爆发内战，从阿富汗回国的伊斯兰极端主义分子建立了“伊斯兰武装团”，希望以武力夺回政权。1992年，阿尔及利亚爆发内战。

　　1998年，部分成员反感“伊斯兰武装团”的极端行为，担心疏远其支持者，于是另立门户成立“萨拉菲祈祷与战斗团”(“萨战团”)，主要在阿尔及利亚北部活动。在阿尔及利亚的军事打击和安抚下，包括“萨战团”在内的很多极端分子放弃抵抗，重新融入阿尔及利亚社会中。

　　外事儿(微信ID：xjb-waishier)注意到，在这种情况下，“萨战团”决定突破阿尔及利亚北部地区，势力范围逐渐深入到周边的马里、毛里塔尼亚、尼日尔、乍得等国家。“萨战团”首领德罗克戴尔。

　　2007年初，“萨战团”新首领阿卜杜勒马利克·德罗克戴尔宣布向“基地”组织效忠，将“萨战团”更名为“伊斯兰马格里布基地组织”。

　　罪行累累

　　外事儿(微信ID：xjb-waishier)注意到，早在“萨战团”时期，该组织就策划了一系列恐怖袭击事件。

　　2003年2月，“萨战团”武装分子绑架了32名欧洲游客。除1人因突发心脏病死亡，17人被阿尔及利亚军队解救外，余下人质于同年8月被释放。据称“萨战团”为此获得了500万欧元的赎金。2013年1月，遇袭的阿尔及利亚油田。

　　2013年1月，AQIM分支“蒙面旅”的20余名武装分子袭击了阿尔及利亚因阿迈纳斯一油田，造成37名人质丧生，7人失踪。

　　去年11月，马里首都巴马科丽笙酒店发生恐怖袭击事件，造成3名中国公民在内的20人死亡。AQIM通过网络发表声明，宣称制造了该起袭击。

　　外事儿(微信ID：xjb-waishier)注意到，仅今年以来，AQIM已经制造了两起针对外国人的恐怖袭击事件。今年1月，布基纳法索首都一酒店遇袭，法国特战部队准备进入酒店。

　　1月15日晚，3名恐怖分子闯入布基纳法索首都瓦加杜古的一家酒店，造成27人死亡、数十人受伤。

　　3月13日下午，科特迪瓦海滨小城大巴萨姆3家酒店遇袭，造成14名平民(4名欧洲人)和2名士兵丧生。AQIM事后声称对该袭击事件负责。

　　此外，AQIM还屡屡袭击联合国维和部队。联合国秘书长潘基文去年7月表示，自2013年维和部队进驻马里以来，就已有42名维和人员遇袭身亡。AQIM公布的伏击联合国车队视频截图。

　　去年7月发动对联合国一车队的伏击后，AQIM甚至公布了伏击视频，头目公然出镜!

　　乘势扩张

　　极端分子制造了这么多血案，为何不能对他们进行清剿?

　　外事儿(微信ID：xjb-waishier)注意到，一直以来，各国均对极端分子所在据点进行大力打击，但效果并不显著。原因主要有两点：

　　一来北非地区边境长且边防松散，沙漠、丛林等地形错综复杂，AQIM与反恐部队大打“游击战术”。二是这些国家政治大多不太稳定，国内民族、宗教成分复杂，其主权控制力度不大。2012年，马里爆发内战。

　　2011年“阿拉伯之春”爆发后，北非不少国家发生政治动荡。极端主义势力在这些国家进一步抬头，AQIM等极端组织乘机加紧渗透扩张。

　　2012年初，长期与马里政府对立的北部图阿格雷部落发动武装叛乱;同年3月，马里首都部分军人发动军事政变，国内局势陷入混乱。

　　随着图阿格雷人的扩张，AQIM势力也在马里“做大做强”，并在不少地区实施伊斯兰教法统治。

　　2013年9月，索马里“青年党”袭击了肯尼亚首都内罗毕一购物中心，致67人丧生。

　　此外，外事儿(微信ID：xjb-waishier)还注意到，除了AQIM，北非地区目前还存在尼日利亚“博科圣地”、 索马里“青年党”、利比亚“伊斯兰战斗团”等多个极端组织。

　　这些极端组织相互之间时常会进行“合作”，更加大了打击难度。

　　参考资料：

　　《“基地”马格里布分支的组织演变与行为模式》、《“伊斯兰马格里布基地组织”萨赫勒化及其对阿尔及利亚的影响》等

(责任编辑：郝龙 UN654)
2016-06-02 21:25:00
新京报