Rose 30% 3 days: the currency is back-coins, currency-IT information
Bitcoin is back, rallying nearly 30% zaixian waves at a speed of 3 days. Even more interesting is that coins this return, will no longer be "Chinese mother" traction, but follow the Nobel Prize nomination.
Encounter 2013 Central Bank "ban", the coins were once weak, but there is no depression, instead of expanding the authorized people. Today, Goldman Sachs, Barclays, IBM, China's Central Bank began a review of bitcoin brought about by the technological revolution, and began to expand the relevant research.
Bitcoin imitator is also increasing, Wright money, unlimited money, Quark coin, dog coin ... ... More and more varieties of coins virtual currency in the new world in battles, they repeat Q coins, micro-currency, Baidu coin story that had been staged.
Zhang Yanfeng Beijing jingdu law firm lawyers said that currently the virtual currency market was mixed, mixed in with innovation and fraud, public and grass-roots law enforcement personnel are hard to distinguish between the true and the false, need to be more clearly defined to distinguish between illegal and trying new things .
Coins making a comeback
Once-popular coins, enter again after 2016 shows its strong vitality. 2013 in China "aunt" is popular among different, this time make coins rekindling concern from mainstream economics.
November 2015, with Nobel Prize nomination of qualified United States Professor of finance at the University of California, Los Angeles, bagewan·qiaodeli (Bhagwan Chowdhry) stated that the founder of the bitcoin "Cong" recommended to the review team of the Nobel Prize in economics, in coins in his subversion of the economy caused great impact.
"In the bencong of contribution will will completely change we on money of thinking way, is may will Subversion Bank in currency policy aspects by played of role, and will will damage as West joint such high cost remittance of service, completely elimination as Visa, and MasterCard and Paypal they charged 2%-4% of intermediaries trading tax, elimination trouble and expensive of notary and intermediary service, actually it will completely change legal contracts of way. "Bagewan·qiaodeli said.
Data show that as of May this year, total global bitcoin wallet products registered users has reached 12 million, and the figure is only 6 million in early 2015. Two years ago, bitcoin users the fast-growing region in China in 2015, the fast-growing region returned to North America.
In fact, in addition to individual user growth, some agencies have started to accept bitcoin system's parts. According to the United States media reported CNBC, an organization that includes 40 banks such as Goldman Sachs, Barclays, are trying to trade bonds using currency trading technology, which is called Blockchain.
Blockchain is translated as "block chain", is the theoretical basis of coins, and coins to the world's most important innovations. It amounts to a large and decentralized digital cash ledger. Able to record every transaction in the global network, and that information cannot be tampered with by random. But this technology is still in an experimental stage, and not popularized.
Likewise relevant studies carried out by IBM Corporation. It is well known that IBM in the "Internet of things" research has invested a huge amount of money, but never found better. But they now believe that currency provided by the Blockchain will be the perfect solution to the problems they face.
The "chain of block" technology, Chinese authorities recognize the same. On January 20, the Central Bank has assembled Citi, Deloitte China research block chain faster experts held a seminar on digital currency, Central Bank Governor Zhou xiaochuan, attending in person, and said it will launch electronic money issued by the Central Bank in the future, but he stressed "digital or electronic money Bank led framework is differentiated as civil."
Variety coins new river
Currency rise and follow the coins appeared a variety of virtual currency, a United States Research Institute research report shows that worldwide already have hundreds of coins form similar virtual currencies .
These virtual currencies from the public, mostly through electronic "dig" form. And it can form an effective market, mostly through Enterprise authorized its circulation, access to popular websites such as Twitter, Facebook, Wikipedia recognition is the most common way.
In our country, because there is a convenience link, virtual currency and international circulation, there are many inconveniences, but in Shenzhen, Guangzhou and other cities a more open, some stores can accept a virtual currency.
Wright born in 2011 coins are coins first appeared in numerous imitators, but also the most influential currency, Wright behind your coin value coins, in second place. Wright was inspired by the currency of the currency, and in the principle of the full technical imitation coins, the only difference between the two is that the confirmation of the transaction process is shorter, making Wright the circulation of currency and more convenient.
In addition, unlimited money, Quark coin, Zeta money dog coin, currency, are the more popular virtual currency. They have formed a certain scale of fixed following the crowd, and there is low market capitalisation, also has a strong competitive relationship with each other.
In fact, the currency dispute is not the first time split on virtual currency. Coins and other virtual currency before the advent of the Internet, some commercial Web sites are issued for currency to buy this Web site services, have led to controversy.
In 2004, Tencent after Q coins have been issued, whether the impact of the Yuan's virtual currency discussions have never stopped. Suggested that the virtual currency will impact on the Renminbi should take enforcement measures to prohibit the release of virtual currency, but some people have reservations about, that virtual currency will not have impact on the Yuan should not prematurely stifle the vitality of business organizations.
The discussion continued for many years until one "law" was born.
On June 28, 2009, the Ministry of culture, the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the notice on strengthening the online game virtual currency management, clear virtual currency for online games prepaid card, prepaid amount or number in the form, but does not include a game get game props; virtual money shall not be paid for, buy physical products or Exchange any products and services of other enterprises.
But in the current situation, Q money, micro coin (SINA release) coin, Baidu (Baidu issued) and other virtual currency where they can be recognized, to buy real products or services.
Regulatory challenges
Represented by the coins virtual currency "anarchism" property for the bitcoin race resulted in a lot of trouble.
December 2013, the official website of the Central Bank announced the currency in China for "illegal money", while the Central Bank four ministries jointly issued the notice on protection against the currency risk, requires financial institutions and payment institutions may not engage in currency-related business, and warned the public not to engage in speculation.
At the time, China's market as the currency's largest market speculators, the Central Bank announced that currency also let the currency depreciate rapidly after illegal. In late May, bitcoin ushered in a wave of fast-rising, prices shot up to 3900 Yuan. However, from its record highs, there is still no small way.
But equally bitcoin "anarchism" attribute, so it will not be easily blocked a Government so far in 2013, bitcoin is still rapid development and expansion of the number of users, at the same time led to follow the tide.
"The question now is, even tell law enforcement what virtual currency is illegal, what virtual currency is not illegal. "Zhang Yanfeng told the China Times reporter said.
The end of May, Zhang Yanfeng counsel a crime of selling virtual currency held MLM cases opened in PEI County, Jiangsu. MBI, a company that issued its own virtual currency, used in the open mall and shopping or consumption within the operational entity, defined in a suspected pyramid selling by Chinese police after the case.
This virtual currency banking-related cases also led to the well-known legal expert Chen xingliang, Professor Yang Dong, interest. They analyzed the case pointed out that MBI financing involves virtual money, investing, stocks, Internet banking, e-commerce, foreign companies, royalty and other aspects, complexity, its different activities need to be treated and careful analysis. In their view, in accordance with established MLM activities of the five characteristics necessary for analysis, in the "entry fee" identity, "levels of" identity, "paid level" features found in doubt.
"A simple definition of the sale of virtual currency for ' organization leadership spread ', which is obviously not appropriate, nor does it meet the definition of pyramid schemes by the State. "Zhang Yanfeng agents to the case said, prosecutors allege, the case seems to be part of MLM features, but strictly speaking, there is a clear lack of evidence.
Zhang Yanfeng said currently the virtual currency market a mixed bag, similar to coins of innovative products, with similar false can be found selling MLM.
"We have come across a number of cases, is not alone. "Zhang Yanfeng said," now there is such a need, we need public power agencies will distinguish different situations by way of law. MLM multilevel marketing, virtual currency, virtual currency. Pyramid selling is a crime, and virtual currency as a new thing, its behavior is not necessarily illegal. ”
3天大涨30%：比特币再度卷土重来 - 比特币,虚拟货币 - IT资讯
比特币回来了，以3天大涨近30%的速度再掀波澜。更有意思的是，比特币这次归来，不再是被“中国大妈”牵引，而是跟着诺贝尔奖提名。
遭遇2013年的中国央行“封杀”后，比特币曾一度萎靡，但并未就此消沉，反而不断扩张着对它认可的人群数量。如今，高盛、巴克莱、IBM、中国央行都开始重新审视比特币带来的技术革命，并开始展开相关研究。
比特币的模仿者也越来越多，莱特币、无限币、夸克币、狗币……越来越多的变种比特币在新型的虚拟货币江湖里厮杀，它们重演着Q币、微币、百度币曾经上演过的故事。
北京京都律师事务所张雁峰律师表示，目前国内虚拟货币市场鱼龙混杂，创新与骗局混杂在一起，公众与基层执法人员均难辨真伪，需要更明确的规定将违法行为与尝试新事物区分开来。
比特币卷土重来
曾经风靡一时的比特币，在进入2016年后重新展现了它顽强的生命力。而与2013年在“中国大妈”之间流行不同的是，这一次让比特币重新引发关注的力量，来自主流经济学界。
2015年11月，拥有诺贝尔奖提名资质的美国加州大学洛杉矶分校金融学教授巴格万·乔德里（Bhagwan Chowdhry）公开表示，将比特币的缔造者“中本聪”推荐给诺贝尔经济学奖的评审团队，在他心目中比特币对经济体系造成了巨大的颠覆式的影响。
“中本聪的贡献将会彻底改变我们对金钱的思考方式，很可能会颠覆央行在货币政策方面所扮演的角色，并且将会破坏如西联这样高成本汇款的服务，彻底消除如Visa、MasterCard和Paypal他们收取2%-4%的中间人交易税，消除费事且昂贵的公证和中介服务，事实上它将彻底改变法律合约的方式。”巴格万·乔德里说。
数据显示，截止到今年5月，全球比特币钱包类产品的注册用户总量已经达到1200万，而这一数字在2015年年初仅为600万。两年前，比特币用户增长最迅猛的地区在中国，但2015年增长最迅猛的地区回到了北美。
事实上，除个人用户增长迅猛，一些机构也开始尝试接纳比特币理论体系中的部分内容。据美国媒体CNBC报道，一个包含高盛、巴克莱等40家银行的组织，正在尝试使用比特币的交易技术进行债券交易，该系统被称之为Blockchain。
Blockchain被翻译为“区块链”，是比特币的理论基础，也是比特币带给世界的最主要创新。它相当于一个巨大且分散的数字货币分类账簿。能够记录全球网络中的每一笔交易，而且这些信息不能被随意篡改。但这项技术目前仍停留在试验阶段，还不能大面积推广。
同样展开相关研究的还有IBM公司。众所周知，IBM公司在“物联网”的研究上投入了巨量资金，但始终没有找到更好的。但他们现在认为，比特币所提供的Blockchain将完美地解决他们所面临的问题。
对“区块链”技术，中国官方同样进行了重新认识。1月20日，央行已集结花旗、德勤等在中国相对研究区块链速度较快的专家们召开了数字货币的研讨会，央行行长周小川亲自参会，并表示未来将推出央行发行的电子货币，但周小川特意强调“央行主导的数字或电子货币的构架，跟民间的是有区别的”。
变种币的新江湖
比特币兴起后，效仿比特币出现了多种虚拟货币，一份美国科研机构的研究报告显示，目前全球已经有上百种与比特币形式相似的虚拟货币。
这些来自民间的虚拟货币，大多通过电子“挖矿”的形式产生。而其能形成有效的市场，大多需要通过企业认可其流通行为，获得推特、Facebook、维基百科等知名网站认可，是最普遍的方式。
在我国，由于网络方面存在不便利环节，虚拟货币与国际间流通存在诸多不便；但在深圳、广州等开放程度较深的城市，一些实体店可以接受虚拟货币支付。
诞生于2011年的莱特币，是比特币众多效仿者中最早出现，也最具影响的币种，莱特币的总市值目前仅次于比特币，位于全球第二位。莱特币的产生是受到了比特币的启发，并且在技术上完全模仿比特币的实现原理，两者的惟一区别在于，交易过程中的确认环节更简短，这使得莱特币的流通更便利。
除此之外，无限币、夸克币、泽塔币、狗币等币种，都是比较流行的虚拟货币。他们均已形成一定规模的固定追随人群，并都有不低的市值，相互之间也有很强的竞争关系。
事实上，比特币引发的争议并不是人们第一次对虚拟货币产生分歧。在比特币等互联网虚拟货币出现之前，部分商业网站发行的用于购买本网站内的服务的专用货币，也曾引发过争论。
2004年，腾讯公司发行Q币后，虚拟货币是否冲击人民币的讨论一直没有停止。有人认为虚拟货币会对人民币产生冲击，应该采取强制措施禁止虚拟货币的发行；但也有人持保留的态度，认为虚拟货币不会对人民币产生冲击，不应该过早扼杀了商业组织的发展活力。
这场讨论持续多年，直至一部“法规”的诞生。
2009年6月28日，文化部、商务部联合下发《关于加强网络游戏虚拟货币管理工作的通知》，明确虚拟货币表现为网络游戏的预付充值卡、预付金额或点数等形式，但不包括游戏活动中获得的游戏道具；虚拟货币不得用以支付、购买实物产品或兑换其他企业的任何产品和服务。
但从目前的实际情况看，Q币、微币（新浪发行）、百度币（百度发行）等虚拟货币均可以在认可它们的地方，购买实物产品或服务。
监管难题
以比特币为代表的虚拟币的“无政府主义”属性，为比特币族类引来了诸多麻烦。
2013年12月，央行在官方网站宣布比特币在中国为“非法货币”，同时央行联合四部委发出《关于防范比特币风险的通知》，要求各金融机构和支付机构不得开展与比特币相关的业务，并提醒公众不要参与炒作。
彼时，中国市场为比特币最大炒家市场，央行宣布比特币非法后也让比特币迅速贬值。今年5月底，比特币迎来一波快速上涨，价格最高蹿至3900元。不过，距其历史高位，尚有不小距离。
但同样是比特币的“无政府主义”属性，也让它不会被一个政府轻易封杀，2013年至今，比特币依旧迅速发展，并不断将用户数量扩充，同时引发了效仿潮。
“现在的问题就是，连执法者都分不清什么样的虚拟货币是违法的，什么样的虚拟货币是不违法的。”张雁峰对《华夏时报》记者表示。
5月底，张雁峰律师代理的一桩销售虚拟币被追究传销罪的案件在江苏沛县开庭。一家名为MBI的公司发行了自己的虚拟货币，用于在其所开商城及经营实体内购物或消费，后被中国警方以涉嫌传销界定此案。
这起与虚拟币理财有关的案件，也引发国内知名法学专家陈兴良、杨东等教授的兴趣。他们在分析案情后指出，MBI理财涉及到虚拟货币、投资、股票、互联网金融、电子商务、外国公司、提成等各个方面，内容相当复杂，对其不同性质的活动内容需要区别对待、细致分析。他们认为，按照成立传销活动所需具备的五个特征进行分析，在“入门费”特征、“层级性”特征、“层级计酬”特征等认定方面存有疑问。
“简单将买卖虚拟货币的行为定义为‘组织领导传销’，这显然是不合适的，也不符合国家对传销的界定。”代理此案的张雁峰说，从检方指控来看，这起案件貌似有传销的部分特征，但从严格意义上讲，又存在明显的证据不足。
张雁峰表示，目前国内虚拟货币市场鱼龙混杂，类似比特币的创新产品，与类似传销的虚假兜售情况均有出现。
“我们已经接触过不少这样的情况，并不是孤例。”张雁峰说，“现在的确有这样的需要，需要我们的公权机关将不同的情况通过法律法规的方式区分开。传销的归传销，虚拟货币的归虚拟货币。传销是犯罪，而虚拟货币作为一种新事物，参与它的行为并不一定是违法行为。”