RMB architects: real coins and does not exist in the landscape of local-currency-IT information
Great Hall of the Potala Palace, Guilin, Yangtze River, Taishan, three pools mirroring the Moon, these are the fifth set of RMB notes behind the building and the landscape. Why select them as a major on the back? Shoot photos directly to notes on? Recently, this reporter went to China banknote printing and minting Corporation, visit of that year participated in the fifth series of the Renminbi design staff, for you to reveal the secrets of the landscape on the Yuan.
Theme design
Beijing West railway station, launch site in Jiuquan, a former candidate
People know that the fifth series of RMB was officially listed in 1999 release, in fact, the design and development of the series had begun as early as 1988, the design process is very complex and complicated.
Alone on the theme's design has undergone several changes. Fourth series of the Renminbi positive views are representative of China's national people's head, rear main view based on the peak in jinggang mountain, Hukou waterfall of the Yellow River and other foods, reflecting the theme of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, unity, the fifth design what is good?
Designer's first theme is an ancient historical figures, in dynastic order, Confucius of the spring and autumn and the warring States period, Chu Yuan, Sima Qian of the Han dynasty, Cai Lun there "appeared in the" second theme is contemporary leaders such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai; the third is positive for Mao Zedong, back with the theme of prominent Chinese scenery and famous buildings, highlighting the motherland.
In the process, leadership also proposed to demonstrate the great achievements for the reform and opening theme, but into the face of Shanghai nanpu bridge, the Beijing West railway station, the "three North" protection forest, the Jiuquan launch site.
In fact, China banknote printing and minting Corporation a few programmes designed color drafts submitted to the people's Bank of China, and submitted to the State Council discussed again by the people's Bank of China. Finally determine that we can see, positive by Mao Zedong, back from China's historical sites and buildings, landscape, and selected here, the Potala Palace and other famous buildings and landscapes.
Scenic spots in China so much, why do these to be included? The basic principle is not previously used view. "To make people understand where, should have special status and popularity, there must be expressive", which was one of the designers of the standard. Although may not include every one of the factors considered by the designer, but after the designers hundreds of discussions validated, such as Potala Palace, mount Tai really deserves to win.
"Once it was also suggested that 50 Yuan on the back of the yellow mountain, but after discussion it was agreed that prior to the yellow mountain, and embodies national unity, not only elements of the Potala Palace, its religious significance for its plus points. "Product development Chief, said Liu Yongjiang, head of the fifth series of the Renminbi design.
Field view
Lake Mystic folk songs, and rain also close-up shots
In the minds of banknote printing and minting company employees, the renminbi is their production of "outstanding products", hoping to get recognized and loved by the people, but it also has its own characteristics, so that full confidentiality in the design, production process, not even available to people at that moment were hard to see. RMB engraver Kong Weiyun told reporters about a shooting stories that occur in the process.
Kong Weiyun in Hangzhou West Lake folk songs that year behind the 1 Yuan note of the three pools mirroring the Moon, according to the provisions on confidentiality, only the local Director of the Bank's currency Department to know the purpose of his visit, arranged for his accommodations and travel, unfortunately, collecting folk songs just in time for rain that day.
Provisions of West Lake, not when it's raining out of the ship, without a boat cannot shoot at close range three pools, what can you do? Kong Weiyun the boatman that he is advertising companies, emergency tasks, will return to Beijing tomorrow, today must be to shoot, boatman said to sail, but must have two guests on board, Kong Weiyun had to hire a tour guide.
Finally set sail, but routes are not acceptable. Scenic ships have a fixed route and time, Kong Weiyun has its own specific location, routes, but only pay the boatman temporary modification time. "Boatman wondered and asked me why not so many beauty of the West Lake. ”
Do we have to take to the real? Kong Weiyun said that unlike designers can find inspiration by looking at the pictures, as a sculptor has to see details. If you do not see the details, just do not know how to do when carving corners, not clear Lake stone pattern, pattern of what is going on. Because you cannot tell boatman real intentions, Kong Weiyun joked he was "mysterious folk songs of the West Lake".
In the fifth series of the Renminbi design stage, Kong Weiyun and other designers, sculptors and pulled into a small building at the foot of the great wall, "locked up", for a two-week period of closed-end authoring. There is no "outsiders", live and eat in the building, because at that time not popularity of mobile phones, traffic inconvenience, it can be said really isolated, confidential, did a pretty good job.
“ The combined "landscape"
Wanted King to King pictures? Not last
The fifth set of RMB after the release of color became a hot topic on the back, visitors holding back view scene for scene, where the Yuan to take pictures, but designer Li Zhinong tells you, "Oh, you can't find exactly the same place. ”
Li Zhinong told reporters that the different sets is in the past, the fifth series of RMB clear you can use "combined" view. In other words, you can see notes back three gorges and three pools mirroring the Moon, in reality it is difficult to find exactly the same angle to shoot again, they are combined in a "fresh" view.
Most representative for Tai Shan, mountains only stone, South Gate, yuhuang Ding is Tarzan's iconic symbols, but visitors can shoot is hard to find a place to these three elements. Why are grouped together? Said Li Zhinong, characteristics of the Taishan mountain is not very prominent, if we can only describe the mountain style, it is difficult to distinguish between Tarzan and, therefore, in order to better show Tarzan the magnificent, and facilitate the identification of and simply what three elements into a picture.
Also to, after has early large, and more angle framing shooting Hou, in design Shi to composition more beautiful, designer are also "moved" has Guilin landscape in several at far mountain of location, "moved" has in Potala Palace near of some mounds, and "down" far mountain highlight its majestic, let pillars as here of decorative, and dome of Star and lights into it of background......
"Colors and denominations there is no close relationship between 100 Yuan is red, but have also used red. "Liu Yongjiang said that color is the theme service, to ensure that must not be confused between the different denominations, makes it easier to identify.
Of course, how design is not a person, and can even be said every step of the design there are many people's hard work. Not only the designers selected features, the design sketch, a hand drawn sketch drafts for improving, and engraver with points, lines, line with the printing process to shape the landscape in terms of ... ... Design, painting, sculpture, each version has different, after each link, views are likely to be subtle changes, "notes because of technology limitations and security requirements, above the landscape must be able to withstand scrutiny, stood the picky. "Liu Yongjiang said.
人民币设计师：现实中不存在与币面风景一样的地方 - 人民币 - IT资讯
人民大会堂、布达拉宫、桂林山水、长江三峡、泰山、三潭印月，这些都是第五套人民币纸币背后的建筑和风景。为何会选中它们作为背面主景？取景拍摄的照片能直接用到纸币上吗？近日，记者来到中国印钞造币总公司，拜访了当年曾参与第五套人民币设计制作的人员，为您揭开有关人民币上的风景的秘密。
主题设计
北京西站、酒泉发射场，曾是候选方案
人们都知道第五套人民币是在1999年正式上市发行，而实际上，该套人民币的设计研发早在1988年就已经开始，其设计的过程也是十分复杂和曲折。
单是关于主题的设计就经历了很多次变动。第四套人民币正面主景都是中国有代表性的民族人物头像，背面主景取材于井冈山主峰、黄河壶口瀑布等名山大川，体现了中国各族人民意气风发、团结一致的主题，到了第五套设计什么主题好呢？
设计师给出的第一个主题是古代历史人物，以朝代为序，春秋战国时期的孔丘、屈原，汉朝的司马迁、蔡伦都有“入选”；第二个主题是毛泽东、周恩来等当代领袖人物；第三个主题就是正面为毛泽东头像，背面以中国知名风景、知名建筑为主题，突出反映祖国大好河山。
在此过程中，还有领导建议以展示改革开放伟大成就为主题，可在票面上加入上海南浦大桥、北京西站、“三北”防护林、酒泉发射场等。
事实上，中国印钞造币总公司将这几个方案都设计出了彩色稿报送中国人民银行，并由中国人民银行再报送国务院讨论。最终确定的便是现在我们看到的，正面采用毛泽东头像，背面从中国的名胜古迹和建筑、风景中，选取了人民大会堂、布达拉宫等著名建筑和风景。
中国风景名胜那么多，为何这些能入选？最基本的原则是不能用之前用过的景色。“要让人能一眼看明白是在哪儿、要有特殊的地位和知名度、要有可表现力”，这是其中一位设计师心里的标准。尽管也许无法囊括每一位设计人员所考虑的因素，但经过设计师们上百次反复讨论验证后，布达拉宫、泰山等的胜出的确是实至名归的。
“曾经也有人提议五十元的背面采用黄山，但经过讨论后大家认为黄山之前采用过，而且布达拉宫不仅能体现民族大团结元素，其宗教意义也为其加分不少。”产品开发办公室主任、第五套人民币设计的负责人刘永江说。
实地取景
西湖神秘采风人，冒雨也要近距离拍摄
在印钞造币公司的员工心中，人民币是他们生产的“杰出代表产品”，希望得到百姓的认可和喜爱，但人民币毕竟也有其特殊性，以至于在设计、制作过程中全程保密，甚至不到面世那一刻一般老百姓都难以见到。人民币雕刻师孔维云给记者讲述了一件取景过程中发生的趣事。
当年孔维云到杭州西湖采风1元纸币背后的三潭印月，按保密规定，只有当地人民银行货币发行处的处长知道他此行的目的，安排他的住宿和行程，不巧的是采风那天正好赶上下雨。
西湖有规定，下雨的时候不能出船，不坐船就无法近距离拍摄三潭，怎么办呢？孔维云对船工说自己是广告公司的，任务紧急，明天就要回京，今天必须去拍摄，船工说要开船也行，但船上必须有两个客人，孔维云只好花钱雇了个导游。
终于成功开船，但路线又不合意。景区的船都有固定的行驶路线和时间，可孔维云有自己特定的拍摄点，无奈只能多花钱让船工临时改路线、加时间。“船工还纳闷，问我西湖那么多美景为何不多看看。”
一定要拍到实物吗？孔维云说，不同于设计师可以通过看画册找灵感，作为雕刻师必须要看到细节。如果不看细节，就不知道雕刻时边边角角怎么做，不清楚三潭石雕上的花纹、图案是怎么回事。因为不能告诉船工真实意图，孔维云开玩笑称自己是“西湖神秘采风人”。
在第五套人民币设计阶段，孔维云和其他设计师、雕刻师还被拉到长城脚下的一栋小楼里“关起来”，进行两周时间的封闭式创作。这里没有“外人”，吃住都在楼里，由于当时手机不普及、交通不便利，可以说真的是与世隔绝，保密工作做得相当好。
“组合式”风景
想要景对景拍照？其实不能完全对上
第五套人民币推出后，背面景色成了热议的话题，还有游客拿着人民币到背面景色所在地景对景拍照，但设计师李志农告诉你，“别想了，你找不到完全一样的地方。”
李志农告诉记者，与以往几套不同的是，第五套人民币明确提出可以使用“组合式”风景。也就是说，你所看到的纸币背面的长江三峡、三潭印月等在现实中是很难找到完全一样的角度再次拍摄的，它们是组合起来的“全新”风景。
以最具代表性的泰山来说，五岳独尊石刻、南天门、玉皇顶都是泰山的标志性符号，但游客很难找到一处地方就能拍摄到这三种元素。为何要组合到一起？李志农说，泰山山体的特征并不是很突出，如果只是描绘山体风貌，很难辨别出是泰山，因此，为了更好地展现泰山的雄伟壮观，同时方便辨认，索性将那三种元素都融入到一张图中。
同样地，经过了前期大量、多角度取景拍摄后，在设计时为了构图更加美观，设计师们还“挪动”了桂林山水里几处远山的位置，“搬走”了在布达拉宫附近的一些土堆、“压低”远山突出其雄伟，让柱子作为人民大会堂的装饰、穹顶的五角星和灯光变成它的背景……
“色彩与面值其实并无紧密的对应关系，一百元是红色，但曾经一元也用过红色。”刘永江说，色调是为主题服务的，他们要保证不同面值之间不能混淆，要让人容易辨别。
当然，怎么设计并不是一个人说了算，甚至可以说人民币设计的每一个环节都有无数人的辛苦努力。不仅有设计师选取景物、设计角度画出草图，有专人画出素描稿进行完善，还有雕刻师用点线，从符合印钞工艺的角度去塑造景物……设计、绘画、雕刻的每一稿都会有不同，经过每一个环节，景色都可能会发生细微的变化，“钞票因为有工艺限制和防伪要求，上面的风景一定要经得起推敲，经得起挑剔。”刘永江说。