United States more serious lead pollution in drinking water: cheating standards – drinking water, water pollution-IT information
United States lead contamination of drinking water problems are very common. Recent local media reports said, for a long time, many places "with" a variety of ways, cover up lead may exceed drinking water problems.
According to United States environmental protection agency data, United States, about 10 million families and some of the water supply of the building was made of lead. These lead water pipes or pipes, or by the main part of the pipeline for water pipes connected to the home.
United Kingdom the guardian according to 43 cities East of the Mississippi River water quality testing materials reported over the past 10 years, United States at least 33 cities may underestimate their drinking water lead pollution. These cities include Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Milwaukee and other cities throughout the country in 17 States.
Reported that, in order to make water quality testing standards, United States even high-risk families in some areas excluded from the sampling; in some cities, such as Philadelphia and Chicago, was devoted to require safety testing to the official drinking water at home; in Michigan and New Hampshire and other States and even below guidance in how to detect deliberate "lower" levels of lead.
For example, New Hampshire suggested that were detected as early as possible in the time allotted, if unqualified, would have time to sample again. Michigan Environmental Department official earlier said Rosenthal, at least more 5 sample. Or directly with high lead content test results. Other cities on security grounds, refuses to reveal the distribution of water supply pipes of lead.
United States scholar at the University of Virginia make·aidehuazi said the United States water quality in some cities is horrendous.
He said it is clear that fraud and lax enforcement of United States children caused unnecessary harm.
On June 2, Hagen·boerman of Philadelphia law firm submitted a class action lawsuit, claiming that the city's water quality testing "temporarily hide the" lead pollution, and city agencies on lead pollution risk household do not have adequate testing.
According to United States regulations, must conduct a water quality testing at least once every 3 years.
In General, water quality inspection departments will require households to collect samples. Reports that asked residents to collect samples, test and select which households will lead to water had a significant impact test results.
It was reported that some places will take many forms, to ensure that the lead content testing results compliance. Faucet before installing this includes access to the sample "before filtering", or to take out the filters on the front of the tap to achieve "smooth". Some places will also advise residents to obtain samples of "slowly to a bottle containing water" and so on.
The so-called "filter before" method, which gets the sample, first filter on the faucet, so as to reduce the lead content in water samples and the "open" method, is sampled before the front of the faucet filters removed, so that the water flows more smoothly, thereby reducing the concentration of lead molecules accumulate in the faucet filter.
Reportedly, although "former filter" and "smooth" law would have been considered to be problems, but the United States is still in widespread use in many parts of the above methods, and relevant departments of the regulation and could not keep up. United States Environmental Protection Agency would say only that is on the content of lead and copper in the water regulations amendments amendments expected completion date to 2017.
According to United States Federal safe drinking water Act, water supply systems and local administrative departments should monitor the lead content of drinking water in the home, if excessive levels of lead in a sample of 10%, the pipe cover must be assessed if not reduce the content of lead, it should be replaced every year 7% water supply pipes of lead.
Meanwhile, United States Federal safe drinking water Act requires replacement of lead water pipes in public buildings, part of lead water pipes in private buildings by private themselves.
In addition, the United States is not replace the national plan of water supply pipes of lead. United States water safety expert at the University of Virginia Yana·lanbulinduo said of the water sector in the country can't completely block lead pipes into the water.
美国多地饮用水铅污染严重：靠作弊达标 - 饮用水,水污染 - IT资讯
美国饮用水的铅污染问题非常普遍。而最近当地媒体披露称，长期以来，许多地方“借助”多种方式，掩盖饮用水含铅量可能超标的问题。
根据美国环保署的数据，美国约有1000万个家庭和建筑物的供水管中有一部分是铅制的。这些铅制供水管或是主供水管，或是由主供水管连接到居民家的部分管道。
英国《卫报》根据密西西比河以东43个城市的水质检测材料报道称，在过去10年里，美国至少有33个城市可能低估了其饮用水的铅污染问题。这些城市包括芝加哥、波士顿、费城、密尔沃基等城市，遍及该国17个州。
报道称，为了使水质检测达标，美国一些地方甚至将高危家庭排除在抽样检测之外；一些城市，如费城和芝加哥等，则专门要求对官员家中的饮用水进行安全检测；密歇根和新罕布什尔等州政府甚至下文指导如何在检测中刻意“降低”铅含量。
比如，新罕布什尔州建议，在规定时间内尽早进行检测，如不合格，就可有时间再次抽样。密歇根州环境检测部门的一名官员罗森塔尔早先曾表示，至少要多采5个抽样。有的地方则直接取消含铅量高的检测结果。另有一些城市则以安全为由，拒绝公布铅制供水管道的分布图。
美国弗吉尼亚理工大学的学者马克·爱德华兹表示，美国一些城市的水质检测情况是骇人听闻的。
他说，很显然，作弊和不严格的执法对美国的孩子造成了不必要的伤害。
6月2日，哈根·伯尔曼律师事务所对费城提出集体诉讼，声称该市水质检测“暂时掩盖了”铅污染程度，而市府机构对铅污染高危家庭也没有进行足够的检测。
根据美国有关规定，各地至少每3年必须进行一次水质检测。
通常，水质检测部门会要求居民家庭搜集检测样品。报道称，要求居民搜集检测样品的方式，以及选择哪些居民家庭进行检测，都会对水的铅含量检测结果产生很大影响。
据报道，一些地方会采取多种方式，以保证铅含量检测结果达标。这包括在获取样品前安装水龙头进行“前滤”，或取掉水龙头前端的过滤器以实现“通畅”。有的地方还会指导居民获取样品时“要慢慢地向瓶中装水”等。
所谓“前滤”法，即在获取样品前，先装上过滤式的水龙头，从而降低样品水中的铅含量；而“通畅”法，则是在取样前将水龙头前端的过滤器取掉，使水流更为顺畅，从而降低积聚在水龙头过滤器中的铅分子浓度。
据报道，虽然“前滤”和“通畅”法早就已经被认为是存在问题的，但美国许多地方却仍在普遍使用上述方法，而相关部门的监管则并没有跟上。美国环保署只是表示，正在对水中的铅、铜含量的相关规定进行修订，修订案预计要到2017年才能完成。
根据美国联邦饮用水安全法，供水系统和地方管理部门应监测居民家中饮用水的铅含量，如果抽样的10%中的铅含量超标，就必须对水管的保护层进行评估；如果还不能降低铅含量，就应该开始每年替换7%的铅制供水管道。
同时，美国联邦饮用水安全法所要求替代的只是公共建筑中的铅制供水管道，而私人建筑中的部分铅制供水管道则由私人自己负责。
另外，美国目前也没有替换这些铅制供水管的全国性计划。美国弗吉尼亚理工大学的水安全专家亚娜·兰布林多表示，该国的供水部门根本无法完全阻止铅分子由管道渗透到水中。