Why not make core components-industrial industries in China, parts, the Chinese Academy of Engineering-IT information
The annual production of more than 40 billion, ballpoint pen the first producer of China on throne. But the embarrassment was, this 40 billion ballpoint pen on the tee, from the device to the raw material, but is highly dependent on imports. This is a microcosm of the industry in China: large capacity, can be described as power, but many core technology has yet to conquer, not power.
Similar cases are not uncommon. Gradually disappeared in the demographic dividend today, robots have become factory regulars, replacing people with machines more and more enterprises in the PRD, "dark factory" is becoming a reality. But in the robot 6 axis high above, 85% is a foreign brand, the domestic robot manufacturers to sell imported key components after Assembly. Behind the large but not strong, is China's manufacturing industry is cured for lack of core technology in the predicament of the chain. Down to the huge volume and demand, weak industrial base ability to make China "a lame giant."
Where is the problem? What should I do? Engineering technology sector, China's highest advisory body--the Chinese Academy of engineering is an academic project, trying to interrogation industries in China, a "crippled giants".
On June 13, the Chinese Academy of engineering, the "strong industrial base strategy" project summary and stage starts in Beijing. Phase I of the project in the past two years has made 21 studies and enterprise development "of four" (basic materials, core Foundation components/component based technology, industrial technology, advanced Basic) case set.
"Strong industrial base strategy" project is in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of engineering Ministry, AQSIQ started a major consulting project, it takes "four" as the focus of study, weak industrial base, China aims to crack this problem. Project was launched in Beijing in March 2014, with academician Lu Yongxiang as head of project group was established, and under a project office, the overall group, 5 special task group and research group of 13 areas. "Quality and technology based strategy study" is one of the special topics, including standards, metrology, certification and accreditation, inspection, such as the national quality Foundation study. Research Group of 13 areas covered aerospace, aviation, and so on.
▲ Robots have become factory regulars.
A study mentioned in the report summarized, Chinese enterprises engaged in production and development in the field of industrial base are numerous, but more decentralized, low concentration, with few internationally competitive enterprises, and that under this situation, technical problems to overcome difficult to rely solely on the basis of market mechanisms, individual enterprises or national industrial policy implementation.
On this, project leader, and two hospital academician Lu Yongxiang said, to will these accounted for most of private enterprise, and SMEs foster into "designed, and fine, and special" small giant enterprise, strengthening on they of technology innovation support efforts, except provides general Hui of common technology outside, also needed provides investment financing, and information data, and talent training, and design development, service support, more effective to play Government learned, and industry association, and venture innovation Union, organization of role.
Chinese Academy of engineering you Zheng noted in the study, two pilot in southern Jiangsu Province, Ningbo micro bearing turning, grinding and testing and Assembly transfer line for machining has made good on the wind, it bears testimony to these private enterprises, small and medium enterprises in a vertical niche giving a strong self-development capacity, through industrial chain upstream and downstream. "Forming a group of ' specialized, sophisticated, special ' enterprise is the main way of strengthening the industrial base and the hand. "You Zheng said. In addition, intelligent, data was also mentioned. Manufacturing supply-demand integrated information technologies, enabling for a product, to adapt to the market demand.
Bearing on the study of domestic focus on lubrication, material, but has started engaging in smart bearing study abroad. "' Four ' to go all out, and intelligent manufacturing in it play a big role. "The President of the Chinese Academy of engineering Zhou JI said. Basic materials, basic techniques, basic parts and components, basic technical support for the data collected, used in various industry segments to share, will be the most important resource industry in the age of big data.
"Strengthening the industrial base will be a tough, protracted battle. "Alms said. 13th start of phase II will continue for a period of two years, to improve China's industrial base ability, through the "one-stop" push the road map, "specialized" little giant enterprises and so on, provides a comprehensive and systematic plan to resolve the problem.
中国工业为何造不出核心零部件 - 工业,零部件,中国工程院 - IT资讯
400多亿支的年产量，把中国推上圆珠笔第一生产大国的宝座。但尴尬的是，这400亿支圆珠笔笔尖上的球座体，从设备到原材料，却高度依赖进口。这是中国工业现状的一个缩影：产能庞大，可谓大国，但核心技术有不少仍未攻克，还称不上强国。
类似的例子并不少见。在人口红利逐步消失的今日，机器人已成为工厂的常客，珠三角越来越多的企业以机器代人，“黑灯工厂”正在成为现实。但6轴以上高水平的机器人中，有85%是外资品牌，国内机器人厂商多为进口核心零部件后组装出售。大而不强的背后，是中国制造业因缺乏核心基础技术而被固化在产业链低端的困局。在巨大的体量和需求衬托下，工业基础能力的薄弱让中国成为“跛脚巨人”。
问题出在哪？又该怎么办？中国工程技术界的最高咨询性学术机构——中国工程院正在进行一个学术项目，试图问诊中国工业这一“跛脚巨人”。
6月13日，中国工程院“工业强基战略研究”项目一期总结暨二期启动会在北京召开。项目一期在过去的两年间提出了21份研究报告和企业发展“四基”（基础材料、核心基础零部件/元器件、先进基础工艺、产业技术基础）案例集。
“工业强基战略研究”项目是中国工程院会同工信部、质检总局启动的重大咨询项目，它以“四基”为研究重点，旨在破解中国工业基础薄弱这一症结。项目于2014年3月在京启动，成立了以路甬祥院士为组长的项目组，并下设有项目办公室、总体组、5个专项课题组和13个领域课题组。“质量技术基础战略研究”是专项课题之一，包括标准、计量、认证认可、检验检测等国家质量基础的整体研究。13个领域课题组则涵盖航天、航空等方面。
▲机器人已成为工厂的常客。
一期研究总结报告中提到，中国工业基础领域中从事生产研发的企业虽多，但较分散，集中度低，鲜有具备国际竞争力的骨干企业，并认为在此现状下，基础技术难题的攻克难以单靠市场机制、个别企业或国家现行产业政策实现。
对此，项目组长、两院院士路甬祥说，要将这些占大多数的民营企业、中小企业培育成“专、精、特”小巨人企业，加强对他们的技术创新扶持力度，除了提供普惠的共性技术外，还需提供投资融资、信息数据、人才培训、设计研发等服务支持，更有效地发挥政府学会、行业协会、创业创新联盟等组织的作用。
中国工程院院士尤政在研究中注意到，苏南、宁波这两个试点在微小型轴承车削、磨削、检测、装配风加工自动线上取得了良好态势，这印证了这些民营企业、中小企业能在垂直的细分领域迸发出强劲的自我研发能力，打通产业链的上下游。“形成一批‘专、精、特’企业是强化工业基础的主要途径和抓手。”尤政说。此外，智能化、数据化也被提及。制造业的供应端需融合信息技术，为产品赋能，以此适应市场的需求。
在轴承的研究上，国内侧重润滑、材料，但国外已开始从事智能轴承的研究。“‘四基’要搞上去，智能制造在里面发挥很大的作用。”中国工程院院长周济说。而将基础材料、基础工艺、基础零部件元器件、基础技术支撑的数据搜集起来，用于各个细分行业分享，将是工业在大数据时代最重要的资源。
“强化工业基础将要打一场艰苦、持久的攻坚战。”周济表示。13日启动的二期将继续为期两年，围绕提高我国工业基础能力，通过对“一条龙”推进路线图、“专精特”小巨人企业培育等的研究，提供全面系统解决问题的方案。