A super project! Chinese create 7 years 1 bridge-the world's largest | _ Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge news
Is construction of Hong Kong beads o bridge is connection Hong Kong, and Zhuhai, and Macau of super large across sea channel, it set bridge, and island, and tunnel Yu one, full length 55 km, is world Shang most long of across Sea Bridge, while also has world Shang most long of sank tube Harbour Tunnel, is China construction history Shang mileage most long, and investment up, and construction difficulty maximum of across Sea Bridge.
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge started about 7 years now, project progress? When traffic? Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Chief Architect of Meng Fanchao, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority Chief Engineer, Su Quanke, respectively, told CCTV in an interview, complete this super project.
Starts for the last seven years the end of next year with traffic conditions
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge across the Lingdingyang sea area is the "one country, two systems" under the framework of the tripartite cooperation in construction of super large sea-traffic engineering for the first time, on December 15, 2009 under construction. About 55-kilometre bridge project, including bridge and tunnel engineering in the sea; port of Hong Kong, Zhuhai, Macao and Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau cable three part of the project. Among them, the project the largest and highest technical difficulty is about 29.6 km long bridge-tunnel-Island cluster of works, it contains about 6.7 kilometer immersed tube tunnel and 22.9 km cross-Sea Bridge, and by bridges and tunnels, but the construction of artificial islands in the sea.
22.9-kilometre Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, full bridge project is expected to last through August. First half of next year, is expected to complete the main island and cross-harbour tunnel, then the pavement of bridge deck pavement and the cross harbour tunnel, completed by the end of next year construction machinery, environmental protection, traffic control and other ancillary works and joint commissioning.
In addition, 14 km long Hong Kong Terminal and ancillary works will be completed by the end of next year. Zhuhai-Macao port island in Macao to Hong Kong cable is also under construction. After the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge opened to traffic, transit time between Zhuhai and Hong Kong will be about 1 hour from sea, land for more than 3 hours, shortened to 20-30 minutes, Zhuhai, Macao and Hong Kong for the first time land docking, it will greatly shorten the distance between Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao,
Main project using bridge-tunnel-Island cluster why not one bridge in the end?
In the construction of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the bridge-tunnel-Island cluster engineering about 29.6 km, maximum quantities, high technical difficulty. Body works why not all bridges or all tunnel, and China's first bridge-tunnel-Island option?
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge line across the Lingdingyang sea area, if all the construction of the bridge, not only low cost and has mature technologies such as built in Hangzhou Bay Cross-Sea Bridge, this is the first programme. Bridge near Hong Kong has an important deepwater channel-the Ling Ding Sea channel, it is a large transport ship in this the only means of passage through maritime space. This is the world's most important trade routes, every day more than 4,000 ships, and reached 100,000 tons at present to navigation, forward 300,000 ton tanker can go, this requires that the bridge must be single span above 1500 meters across, bridge to be built over 170lai meters high pylons. In Hong Kong, Macao, Zhuhai, Shenzhen and several airports air limit cannot exceed 120 meters high.
Thus, an unprecedented solution was proposed and confirmed: considering the height limits on navigation and aviation demand, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 6.7 km long undersea tunnel and joint programmes of the 22.9-kilometer-long sea-crossing bridge, the bridge-tunnel-Island cluster of programmes.
Fast Green Island deep into steel cylinders to create engineering wonders of the world
Island project is the control problem of the bridge. Contractor in the world, came out for the first time-line steel cylinder quick Island technology, with 120 giant steel tube inserted directly fixed to the sea bed to the bottom, and then fill in the middle to form artificial islands. The lock structure can be fixed steel drums in the landfill and sediment, nor removed huge amounts of silt. 120 oversized round steel tube string, form the two ends of the tunnel's center island and 22.5 meters in diameter of each round steel tube, almost as big as basketball courts, a height of 55 meters, equivalent to the height of the 18-story building and weighs 550 tons, the equivalent of an A380, "Airbus".
The development of a series of new technology and new equipment, completed in only six months time two artificial islands built. Compared with the conventional process, reducing the amount of silt excavated nearly cubic meters, saving construction period of 2.5 years, achieving "starts that year, then into the island" created the engineering wonder of the world.
The world's longest and deepest immersed tube tunnel over 400 new patents
If island project is the construction industry difficult to match the Crown, then the cross harbour tunnel is the jewel in the Crown of a "Pearl". How can this 6.7 km-long deep-water navigation channel in the construction of the cross harbour tunnel?
In school textbooks, immersed tube tunnel only rigid, flexible structure system, usually only 2~3 meters depth. In order to allow 300,000-ton channel, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge sinking pipe needs to be buried to more than 40 meters under the seabed. What kind of immersed tube structure in order to meet the demand? Top level at home and abroad of team research, develop new "semi-rigid" immersed tube structure, immersed deep vision into reality, for the first time did the cross harbour tunnel "watertight". And tunnel engineering in the design and construction of the island, formed, new practical patent of invention patents reached more than 400 items.
Consulting fees for 1.5 billion yuan of foreign companies asserted that "Chinese people can't"
Before the project began, construction teams had to negotiate with a European company, hope that the introduction of technology and experience. Sold out 1.5 billion yuan of the company consulting fees, terminate the cooperation from each other even more than 2 million Yuan's upfront costs are not accepted, they concluded that "the Chinese can't do this thing", arguing that China must back them again like other countries.
However, the contractor, through independent research, has successfully developed a series of new structures, new processes, new technologies, new equipment, recognized and respected by foreign counterparts. In March this year, island project chief engineer Lin Ming to Netherlands Royal Haas Corning group exchanges, more than 130 years, the world's leading engineering consulting firm, rose for the second time a foreign flag, played the national anthem, salute to the Chinese team.
The present cross harbour tunnel has been built 4.7 km total length of more than 80%.
Bridge 120 years 8 earthquake-resistant against 16 Typhoon
The Cross-Sea Bridge in the world at present used for 100 years life expectancy, while the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 120 years and requiring a 8-magnitude earthquake, against 16 typhoons.
In addition, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge span and operation requirements for large, complex terrain, and developed one of the world's largest bridge builders of the high damping rubber bearings, bearing capacity is about 3000 tons, as for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge resistance 16 Typhoon, magnitude 8 earthquake and 300,000 tonnes of ship impact installation compared to an "anchor needle".
Responsible editor: Kun Qu SN117
Article keywords:Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
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又一超级工程！中国人7年建1桥 创多项世界之最|港珠澳大桥_新闻资讯
正在建设的港珠澳大桥是连接香港、珠海、澳门的超大型跨海通道，它集桥、岛、隧道于一体，全长55公里，是世界上最长的跨海大桥，同时也拥有世界上最长的沉管海底隧道，是中国建设史上里程最长、投资最多、施工难度最大的跨海桥梁。
现在港珠澳大桥开工即将7年，工程进展如何？什么时候通车？港珠澳大桥的总设计师孟凡超、港珠澳大桥管理局总工程师苏权科，分别接受央视专访，全面解读了这一超级工程。
开工近七年 明年底具备通车条件
港珠澳大桥跨越伶仃洋海域，是“一国两制”框架下粤港澳三地首次合作建设的超大型跨海交通工程，于2009年12月15日开工建设。大桥工程全长约55公里，包括海中桥隧主体工程；香港、珠海、澳门三地口岸以及香港、珠海、澳门三地连接线三大部分工程。其中，工程量最大、技术难度最高的是长约29.6公里的桥—岛—隧集群的主体工程，它包含约6.7 公里沉管隧道和22.9 公里跨海桥梁，以及为实现桥梁和隧道转换而修建的海中人工岛。
港珠澳大桥全长22.9公里，全部桥梁工程有望在今年8月份贯通。明年上半年有望完成人工岛和海底隧道的主体工程，随后将进行桥面铺装和海底隧道的路面铺装，明年年底完成建筑机电、环境保护、交通监控等附属配套工程并进行联合调试。
此外，长14公里的香港接线及配套工程也将于明年底全部完成。珠澳口岸人工岛中，澳门到香港连接线也正在建设。港珠澳大桥建成通车后，珠海至香港的交通时间将由现在的水路约1小时，陆路3小时以上，缩短至20-30分钟内，首次实现珠海、澳门与香港的陆路对接，将极大缩短港珠澳三地间的距离，
主体工程采用桥-岛-隧集群 为何不能一桥到底？
在港珠澳大桥的建设中，桥—岛—隧集群的主体工程长约29.6公里，工程量最大、技术难度最高。主体工程为什么不选择全部桥梁或者全部隧道，而采用中国首例的桥-岛-隧方案呢？
港珠澳大桥线路要跨伶仃洋海域，如果全部建桥，不但费用低，而且有已经建成的杭州湾跨海大桥等成熟的技术，这是首先要考虑的方案。但大桥靠近香港方向有一个重要的深水航道——伶仃洋航道，它是大型运输船只在这片海域通行的唯一通道。这里是全球最重要的贸易航道，每天有4000多艘船只穿行，目前达到10万吨级通航等级，远期30万吨油轮可以通行，这就要求桥梁必须是单跨1500米以上的多跨形式，桥梁要建几个超过170来米高度的桥塔。但香港、澳门、珠海、深圳等几个机场的航空限高不能超过120米。
于是，一个史无前例的方案被提出并得到肯定：综合考虑通航需求和航空限高，港珠澳大桥采取6.7公里长的海底隧道和22.9公里长的跨海大桥的联合方案，即桥—岛—隧集群的方案。
深插式钢圆筒快速环保筑岛 创造世界工程奇迹
岛隧工程是大桥的控制性难题。承建方在世界范围内首次提出深插式钢圆筒快速成岛技术，用120个巨型钢筒直接固定在海床上插入到海底，然后在中间填土形成人工岛。这种锁定结构可以固定钢桶里填埋的泥沙，也不用移走海量的淤泥。120个超大的圆钢筒串起，形成隧道两端的圆心岛，每个圆钢筒的直径 22.5米，几乎和篮球场一样大，高度55米，相当于18层楼的高度，而重量达到550吨，相当于一架A380“空中客车”。
一系列新工艺新设备的研发应用，仅用半年多时间就完成两个人工岛的筑造。与传统工艺相比，减少淤泥开挖量近千万立方米，节约建设工期两年半，实现“当年开工、当年成岛”，创造了世界工程的奇迹。
世界上最长最深的沉管隧道 新专利超400项
如果说岛隧工程是建筑工程领域难以企及的皇冠，那么海底隧道就是皇冠上的一颗“明珠”。该如何在这个长达6.7公里的深海航道区修建海底隧道？
教科书上，沉管隧道只有刚性、柔性两种结构体系，通常埋深只有2~3米。为了预留30万吨级航道，港珠澳大桥沉管需要埋到海床下40多米。什么样的沉管结构才能满足工程需求呢？经过国内外级顶尖团队的共同研发，开发出全新的“半刚性”沉管结构，把沉管深埋的构想变成现实，第一次做到了海底隧道“滴水不漏”。而在岛隧工程的设计建设中，形成的发明专利、新型实用专利达到400多项。
外国公司索要15亿元咨询费 断言“中国人不行”
工程开始前，建设团队曾与一家欧洲专业公司洽谈，希望引进技术和经验。该公司开出了15亿元的天价咨询费，终止合作离开时对方连200多万元的前期费用都没有接受，他们断言“中国人没有能力做这件事情”，认为中国一定也像其他国家一样再次请回他们。
然而，承建方通过自主攻关，成功研发了一系列新结构、新工艺、新技术、新装备，得到国外同行的认可和尊重。今年3月，岛隧工程总工程师林鸣到荷兰皇家哈斯康宁集团交流，130多年来，这家世界顶尖工程顾问公司，第二次升起了外国国旗、奏响国歌，来向中国团队致敬。
目前海底隧道已建成 4.7公里，占总长度的80%以上。
大桥设计120年寿命抗8级地震抵御16级台风
目前世界上的跨海大桥设计使用寿命普遍为100年，而港珠澳大桥为120年，并要求抗8级地震，抵御16级台风。
此外，针对港珠澳大桥跨度大、地势复杂的特殊工况，大桥建设者自主研制出世界最大尺寸的高阻尼橡胶隔震支座，支座承载力约3000吨，好比为港珠澳大桥抵抗16级台风、8级地震及30万吨巨轮撞击安装一枚“定海神针”。
责任编辑：瞿崑 SN117
文章关键词： 港珠澳大桥
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