China's "Kamui Taihu" how strong your supercomputer? Operation very Earth a minute man 32-supercomputer, Super, and Kamui of Taihu Lake-IT information
On June 20, Germany Frankfurt International is Conference (ISC) released the new issue of the world's TOP500 Supercomputers list, developed by the China National Engineering Research Center for parallel computers "power ? Bank of light" to hyper-second speed won the first of three times. Even more exciting is that the system realizes all the localization of core components, including processor.
How fast is the new overlords of super computer speed? Full nationalization means what? China is already well on the top of the world?
Xinhua reporters into the responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the national Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, open for you "power light ? Taihu" mystery.
World fastest is what kind of feeling? A minute of operation as the Earth man 32 years
Peak performance 125.436PFlops-system, first in the world;
63.015PFlops-continuing performance, first in the world;
-Performance and low power consumption 6051PFlops/W, third in the world.
News International is Conference just makes people uninformed.
"In short, this system is the computing power of 1 minute, equivalent to 7.2 billion people worldwide use calculators and uninterrupted 32 years if 2016 years mainstream laptop or desktop personal references, ' light of Taihu Lake ' is equivalent to more than 2 million computers. "The national Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Yang guangwen, Director ...
Into the national Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, 1000 square metres of room, reporters saw "power light ? Taihu", "body":
Cabinet system consists of 40 operation and 8 network composition of the Cabinet. Each operation slightly larger cabinets than home double door fridge, opened the cupboard door and 4 Super node distribution made up of 32 operations plug-in.
Each plug-in Board consists of 4 operational node, a node boards and 2 blocks "Wayne Shen 26010" high performance processor. A cabinet with 1024 processors, the whole "power light ? Taihu" total 40960 processor.
"Every processor is equivalent to more than 20 commonly used laptop computing power, with more than 40,000 pieces are assembled into again, faster than can be imagined. "Yang guangwen said.
Super is global, but not broken. To Super study is about more than "speed", and more importantly won the "war".
Deputy Director of the national Supercomputing Center in Wuxi fuhaohuan introduced, relying on the "power light ? Taihu", Tsinghua University's research team has for the first time as the main million nuclear-scale global 10 km high resolution numerical simulation of the Earth system, the results will improve our response to extreme climate and natural disaster mitigation preparedness capacity ;
National computational fluid dynamics laboratory of the "temple on the first" return path of numerical simulation results encouraging, "temple on the first" smooth home provides accurate forecasting;
Shanghai drug drug screening and disease mechanisms, just 2 weeks General take 10 months to complete calculations, greatly accelerated the leukemia, cancer, avian flu drug design in the direction of progress ... ...
From the "glass house" to "restricted" 25 cm total broke a 30-year blockade
30 years ago, China's super computer users there is a mysterious "glass house": American supercomputers sold to China, covered with opaque glass-coated, not authorized by Chinese technicians are not allowed in.
Beijing Normal University's global change and Earth System Sciences, Professor Wang Lanning still remember on this land of China "technology enclaves."
"Only a few authorized national scientists access to the glass house, and under the surveillance of Americans, once the program has finished running, the machine immediately locked back to the glass house. The so-called Super calculation speed, and today is a high-performance computer at best, but for the Chinese, it is one of the elusive peak. ”
The 80 's of last century, China has gradually entered the independent design and manufacture supercomputers among the countries, but due to the core processor and other key components and technical weaknesses can only be controlled by others, led directly to China is a foreign supercomputer "big buyers" and could not have matches in "bargaining".
Enter "Twelve-Five", national 863 project focuses on support, supercomputing breakthrough development in China. "Milky way, second" win "six months" at the same time, global supercomputer on the top 500 list, China-made lists are getting longer and longer, which caused the United States of vigilance.
In April 2015, the United States Government announced that 4 Chinese super computer-related institutions under the restricted export list purpose is through restricted, locked Chinese Super fast pace of development.
Encouragement of such blockade, let China make great efforts to develop a full localization of "shenwei" series of supercomputers, until the top of the international rankings.
Thus, only 5 cm square of thin pieces of "Wayne Shen 26010" has not only become "power light ? Taihu" heart, has become China's self-developed broke a 30-year blockade with a weapon.
25 square centimeters confusion between integrated 260 core operations, billions of transistors, reaching more than 3 trillion calculations per second. Single chip compute power is equivalent to 3 2000 ranks the first among the supercomputer.
Yang guangwen said the controversy on whether it should develop its own core processor has always existed, someone said to do for so many years without doing it, just do not do it, "baoyang" a good. Also, saying, the introduction, absorption and innovation mode of high-speed rail will do just fine, why independent ecological behind closed doors?
"If it did not adhere to the independent ecological, not did not make more than 10 years and take more than 10 years of energy, there can be no power of today's core indicators go hand in hand. "The Deputy Director of the National Engineering Research Center for parallel computers Liang June said.
From the "six months" to the first 1 billion Chinese Super on top of the world there is still a gap
Supercomputer, known as "tool" is the embodiment of national scientific and technical strength, from high-end materials, life sciences and bio-technology, and deep sea exploration and space technology applications, are inseparable from the field of ultra is supported.
The good news, some people think that China is "firmly" standing on top of the world. Really is it?
Yang guangwen, admittedly, "power light ? Taihu" success marked a Chinese supercomputer has been ranked world leading level, but in terms of technical reserves, stability is still an apparent gap with developed countries.
Speed race is a Super Showdown is the most direct. With "milky way, second" "six months" compared to the brilliant, the climb to the top of the "power light ? Taihu" wanted to occupy the first position in the world has become very difficult. Last July, the United States launched the "national strategic Computing initiative", the goal is that by 2025 to build the world's fastest computer.
"5-10 years in the future, from 1 billion times per second to exascale per second is a super development of a run-off. "State researchers said about parallel Computing Centre, though super powers were deployed, but needs to address key technical links very much, in energy consumption, for example," power light ? Taihu "capacity of 15 megawatts of electricity a year, the equivalent of 3 electricity, Tsinghua University. Based on existing technologies even if the exascale, energy consumption will be staggering .
Even more crucial is that regardless of how fast, developing Super is always to "practical", and this is still the development of ultra is short .
Computer network information center Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Zhang Jian said that ultra system to solve the problem of insufficient capacities, and related business applications is still the foreign monopoly in software development, application development and training needs to be improved. "Good" advantages into "good" advantages, can we truly achieve led to industrial innovation and upgrading.
中国“神威太湖之光”超级计算机多强？运算一分钟相当地球人算32年 - 超级计算机,超算,神威太湖之光 - IT资讯
6月20日，德国法兰克福国际超算大会（ISC）公布了新一期全球超级计算机TOP500榜单，由中国国家并行计算机工程技术研究中心研制的“神威·太湖之光”以超第二名近三倍的运算速度夺得第一。更令人振奋的是，该套系统实现了包括处理器在内的所有核心部件全国产化。
超级计算机新霸主运算速度到底有多快？全国产化意味着什么概念？中国超算是否已经迈上世界之巅？
新华社记者走进负责该系统运营和维护的国家超级计算无锡中心，为你揭开“神威·太湖之光”的神秘面纱。
世界运算最快是种啥感受？运算一分钟相当于地球人算32年
-系统的峰值性能125.436PFlops，世界第一；
-持续性能63.015PFlops，世界第一；
-性能功耗比6051PFlops/W，世界第三。
国际超算大会上传来的消息光看数据让人不明就里。
“简单来说，这套系统1分钟的计算能力，相当于全球72亿人同时用计算器不间断计算32年；如果用2016年生产的主流笔记本电脑或个人台式机作参照，‘太湖之光’相当于200多万台普通电脑。”国家超级计算无锡中心主任杨广文介绍。
走进国家超级计算无锡中心，1000平方米的房间内，记者看到了“神威·太湖之光”的“真身”：
系统由40个运算机柜和8个网络机柜组成。每个运算机柜比家用的双门冰箱略大，打开柜门，4块由32块运算插件组成的超节点分布其中。
每个插件由4个运算节点板组成，一个运算节点板又含2块“申威26010”高性能处理器。一台机柜就有1024块处理器，整台“神威·太湖之光”共有40960块处理器。
“每一块处理器相当于20多台常用笔记本电脑的计算能力，4万多块再组装到一起，速度之快可想而知。”杨广文说。
全球超算，唯快不破。致力超算研究的意义不仅仅是“速度战”，更重要的是赢得“应用战”。
国家超级计算无锡中心副主任付昊桓介绍，依托“神威·太湖之光”，以清华大学为主体的科研团队首次实现了百万核规模的全球10公里高分辨率地球系统数值模拟，这一成果将全面提高我国应对极端气候和自然灾害的减灾防灾能力；
国家计算流体力学实验室对“天宫一号”返回路径的数值模拟结果令人振奋，将为“天宫一号”顺利回家提供精确预测；
上海药物所开展的药物筛选和疾病机理研究，短短2周就完成常规需要10个月的计算，大大加速了白血病、癌症、禽流感等方向的药物设计进度……
从“玻璃房”到“限售” 25平方厘米彻底打破30年技术封锁
30年前，中国的超级计算机用户有一个神秘的“玻璃房”：美国人把一台超级计算机卖给中国，用不透明的玻璃包裹得严严实实，中国技术人员没有授权不得入内。
北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院王兰宁教授至今记得这个中国土地上的“技术飞地”。
“全国只有几个有授权的科学家能够进入玻璃房，而且是在美国人的监视下，一旦程序运行完，机器立即被锁回玻璃房。那个所谓的超算速度，在今天看来充其量是一台高性能电脑，但对于当时的中国来说，却是一个难以企及的高峰。”
上世纪80年代，我国已逐步迈入独立设计和制造巨型机的国家之列，但却因核心处理器等关键部件与技术的短板只能受制于人，直接导致了我国虽是国外超级计算机“大买家”，却无法拥有匹配的“议价权”。
步入“十二五”，在国家863项目重点支持下，我国超级计算发展不断取得突破。“天河二号”问鼎“六连冠”的同时，在全球超级计算机500强榜单上，中国制造的名单正越来越长，这引起了美国的警惕。
2015年4月，美国政府宣布，把与超级计算机相关的4家中国机构列入限制出口名单，目的就在于通过限售，锁死中国超算快速发展的脚步。
正是这种封锁带来的激励，让我国下大力气研发全国产化的“神威”系列超级计算机，直至此次登顶国际榜单。
由此，只有5厘米见方的薄块“申威26010”不仅成为“神威·太湖之光”的心脏，也成为我国自主研发打破30年技术封锁的一柄利器。
25平方厘米的方寸之间，集成了260个运算核心，数十亿晶体管，达到了每秒3万多亿次计算能力。单芯片计算能力相当于3台2000年全球排名第一的超级计算机。
杨广文说，关于是否应该自主研发核心处理器的争议一直存在，有人说做了这么多年没有做起来，干脆不要做了，“抱养”一个好了。还有声音说，引进、吸收、再创新的高铁模式就很好，为什么非要关起门搞自主生态？
“如果没有坚持完全自主生态，没有搞十几年不行，再搞十几年的劲头，不可能有今天核心指标齐头并进的神威。”国家并行计算机工程技术研究中心副主任梁军说。
从“六连冠”到首个十亿亿次 中国超算离世界之巅仍有差距
超级计算机，被称为“国之利器”，是国家科技综合实力的体现，从高端材料，到生命科学和生物技术，再到深海探测、空间技术各领域，都离不开超算领域的支撑。
这次好消息一出，有人认为中国超算从此“稳稳的”屹立世界之巅了。真的是这样吗？
杨广文表示，不可否认，“神威·太湖之光”的成功，标志着我国超级计算机研制能力已位居世界领先水平，但在技术储备、系统稳定性方面与发达国家仍有明显差距。
速度之争是超算领域最为直接的对决。与“天河二号”“六连冠”的辉煌相比，此次登顶的“神威·太湖之光”要想长期占据世界第一的地位变得异常艰难。去年7月，美国启动“国家战略计算计划”，目标是到2025年建造世界上运算最快的计算机。
“未来五到十年，从每秒十亿亿次到每秒百亿亿次是超算发展的决胜之地。”国家并行计算中心的相关科研人员表示，虽然超算大国都在进行部署，但其中需要解决的技术关键环节非常多，以能耗为例，“神威·太湖之光”一年的用电量达到15兆瓦，相当于3个清华大学的用电量。以现有技术即使能够实现百亿亿次，能源消耗将十分惊人。
更为关键的是，无论速度有多快，发展超算始终是为了“致用”，而这仍然是当前我国超算发展的短板。
中科院计算机网络信息中心研究员张鉴表示，我国利用超算系统解决问题的能力长期不足，相关商业应用软件仍为国外垄断，在软件研制、应用开发和人才培养方面还有待进一步提高。将“制好”优势转化为“用好”优势，才能真正实现对产业创新与升级的带动。