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published in(发表于) 2016/6/25 11:59:04
Long seventh refresh space record: near-Earth orbits carrying capacity maximum

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Long seventh refresh space record: near-Earth orbits carrying capacity maximum

  Near-Earth orbits carrying capacity maximum


Long seventh as the current near-Earth orbits carrying capacity maximum of rockets, its near-Earth orbits carrying capacity of 13.5 tons, is 1.5 times of the past. So long seventh carrier rocket will greatly enhance the overall strength of China's space, accelerating the pace of create aerospace power.


  Launch the shortest


March seventh, rocket is China currently launches accounted for bit shortest of rocket, to adapted Hainan more Typhoon of features, also to future of high-density launches prepared, March seventh, need has in launches district fast launches of capacity, and past vertical transit only transport rocket different, March seventh, used has more big, and faster of new activities launches platform, rocket and equipment is while vertical transit, arrived launches station Hou no longer need test, simple prepared Hou on can launches.


 In the marine environment for the first time fired rockets


Long seventh rocket launch is the first in the marine environment, Hainan spaceport and the Inland launch sites biggest difference is hot and humid and rainy, Typhoon-prone sea climate, while many precision instruments on rockets are hyper-sensitive to the environment. So the long seventh has a special research project is in the research and development of technologies for adaptation to the natural environment in Hainan, researchers conducted a test and finally passed strict examination to verify, so now the long seventh in Hainan have complex meteorological, climatic environment day launch capabilities.


Press Add new points: how strong is the long seventh?


Jiaodong online of 25th, and seventh rocket long 53.1 m, core-level 3.35 meters in diameter, bundle 4 2.25 m diameter boosters, booster twice times the length of active launch vehicles, a takeoff weight of 597 tons.
13.5 tons of its capacity for near-Earth orbit, Sun-synchronous orbit of 5.5 tons and medium-launch vehicles, China will increase the carrying capacity of near-Earth orbit from 8.6 tonnes to 13.5 tons to reach international advanced level of similar rockets.
Rocket carrying capacity-how much, how big is the stage of China's space. According to rocket technology Institute introduced, China currently development scale and technology span maximum of rocket--March fifth, will Yu this year second half of flew, has near to track 25 tons, Earth synchronization transfer track 14 tons of carries capacity, and international Shang mainstream rocket of carries capacity quite, will bear launches Chang fifth,, and station core class and Mars detection, has milestone meaning of major task, will sharply improve China into space of capacity.
In addition, within 15 years, China is expected to launch a heavy launch vehicle. In currently of design blueprint in the, heavy rocket arrows body diameter near 10 meters, full arrows total long near hundred meters, carries capacity is existing rocket carries capacity of 5 times times more, over is development of United States next generation rocket of carries capacity, can meet future manned Moon detection, and Mars sampling returns, Sun Department planet detection, variety deep empty detection task needs, guarantees China in future universe exploration and more big more far space of discourse right.
Designing change: more environmentally friendly propellant
Different from that of existing rockets use toxic propellants, and seventh, with independent intellectual property rights, China's liquid-oxygen/kerosene engine, realization of nontoxic, pollution-free.
Due to the temperature of the liquid oxygen to lingxia183sheshidu, in the development of rocket experiment, after each cryogenic fueling, test cell towers on the ground like a "cold storage".
Although appears to be "steel" big man, weighing hundreds of tons, but rocket 90% or more of body weight is fuel. Due to the weight of fuel can not arbitrarily increase or decrease, in order to bring more "passenger" in space, reduce the weight of the rocket is the key. Therefore, the "up to seven" rocket shells are very thin, the thinnest is only 0.8 mm, and egg shells, can be said to be thin as cicada's wings are amazing.
Meanwhile, long seventh three-dimensional drawing-free design and manufacturing technology, represents the highest level of field digital China launch vehicles developed close to NASA and Boeing, Airbus, marking China's new generation of carrier rocket has reached the international advanced level in digital design skills.
Long seventh overall design team is also very "steal": 80% are more than 35 years of age, 46% has a doctorate.


The wind and rain "resistance" launched


Active rocket launch to avoid a thunderstorm, but Hainan Wenchang launch site the damp climate, rainfall, so long seventh with waterproof design, just like the rockets put on the golden helmets iron cloth shirt, even rain can launch.
In addition, Hainan Wenchang launch site had "shallow wind", to the long seventh rocket vertical transition challenges. Design to fit on the the long seventh "wind load shedding device", even with force 8 winds is not afraid.
Rocket launching platforms also covered a large area of "sunscreen"-the kind of special protective coating. This is due to rocket launch moment of ignition, temperature up to 2,800 degrees Celsius, enough to melt most metals and non-metallic materials. Heat-resistant coating on the surface, the launch platform can extend the life of better under high heat flux "erosion".
Next-generation launch vehicle also has strong high temperature "double insurance". At the time of the rocket blasted off, launch platform next to the "high-flow water cooling and noise reduction system" to the launch pad water cooling, 400 tons of water spray in 20 seconds.
Injection of 400 tons of water, 30% water will vaporize into the atmosphere, 60% water flow away through the Groove and vaporize the water and took a lot of heat, making the launch platform core cooling in about 1000 degrees, effectively protect the rocket launchers inside the equipment. In addition, the system also has the advantage of reducing noise effects.


The future: birth of larger-diameter rocket


Diameter of existing launch vehicles in China, is limited by the width of a horse's ass? Yes, this interesting point of view can be traced back to the invention of the trains and the tracks.
Due to China's development and launching of the rocket has a long, mostly transport by train or car, the road will inevitably through some tunnels. And the width of the tunnel is determined by the distance between the tracks. Taking into account the train shook, Sinuiju and other factors, the diameter of the rocket would have been more limited.
Width of the train tracks followed the wagon wheel wide standard, wagon wheel wide all the way back to the Roman Chariots, Romans are in accordance with the two-horse Chariot's butt width setting. Therefore, the maximum diameter of China's existing launch vehicle is "stop" at 3.35 m.
Hainan Wenchang satellite launch Center is enabled, the limits can be broke, because the rocket could be by sea, are no longer constrained to the width of the tunnel. March of China's largest rocket will be launched in the second half of the year, fifth at 5 meters in diameter, the future, China will have a greater diameter of the rocket was born.



 


(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-06-25 17:57:55
China News Network
长征七号刷新中国航天纪录:近地轨道运载能力最大

  近地轨道运载能力最大


  长征七号作为我国目前近地轨道运载能力最大的火箭,它的近地轨道运载能力达到13.5吨,是以往火箭的1.5倍。因此长征七号运载火箭将大大提升中国航天的综合实力,加速创建航天强国的步伐。


  发射占位最短


  长征七号运载火箭是我国目前发射占位最短的火箭,为了适应海南多台风的特点,也为了未来的高密度发射准备,长征七号需要具备在发射区快速发射的能力,与以往垂直转运只运输火箭不同,长征七号采用了更大、更快的新型活动发射平台,火箭和设备是同时垂直转运,到达发射工位后不再需要测试,简单准备后就能够发射。


  首次在海洋环境发射火箭


  长征七号运载火箭是我国首次在海洋环境发射火箭,海南发射场与内陆发射场最大的不同是湿热多雨、台风频繁的海洋气候,而火箭上的许多精密仪器对外界环境是非常敏感的。因此长征七号的研发中有一个专门的攻关项目就是海南自然环境的适应技术,科研人员开展了许多试验并最终通过了严格的考核验证,所以现在长征七号具备在海南复杂气象、气候环境下全天候的发射能力。


   新闻加点料:长征七号到底有多强大?


   据胶东在线25日报道,长征七号火箭总长53.1米,芯级直径3.35米,捆绑4个直径2.25米的助推器,助推器长度为现役运载火箭的2倍,起飞重量597吨。
   它的运载能力为近地轨道13.5吨,太阳同步轨道5.5吨,将中国中型运载火箭近地轨道的运载能力由8.6吨提高至13.5吨,达到国外同类火箭先进水平。
   火箭的运载能力有多大,中国航天的舞台就有多大。据运载火箭技术研究院介绍,中国目前研制规模和技术跨度最大的火箭——长征五号将于今年下半年首飞,具备近地轨道25吨,地球同步转移轨道14吨的运载能力,与国际上主流运载火箭的运载能力相当,将承担发射嫦娥五号、空间站核心舱以及火星探测等具有里程碑意义的重大任务,将大幅提高中国进入太空的能力。
   此外,中国15年内有望发射重型运载火箭。在目前的设计蓝图中,重型运载火箭箭体直径近10米,全箭总长近百米,运载能力是现有火箭运载能力的5倍多,超过正在研制的美国下一代运载火箭的运载能力,可满足未来载人月球探测、火星取样返回,太阳系行星探测等多种深空探测任务需求,保障中国在未来宇宙探索和更大更远空间的话语权。
设计变革:推进剂更环保
   不同于现役火箭多采用有剧毒的推进剂,长征七号采用中国具有自主知识产权的液氧/煤油发动机,实现无毒、无污染。
   由于液氧的温度达零下183摄氏度,在研制火箭的试验中,每次低温燃料加注后,试验现场的发射塔就像是个"大冷库"。
   虽然看起来是"钢筋铁骨"的大个子,体重几百吨,但火箭体重的90%甚至更多都是燃料。由于燃料重量不能随意增减,为了带更多的"乘客"去太空,减轻火箭自重就成了关键。因此,"长七"火箭外壳很薄,最薄处仅有0.8毫米,和鸡蛋壳差不多,可以说是薄如蝉翼却力量惊人。
   同时,长征七号采用三维无图纸设计和制造技术,代表了中国运载火箭研制领域数字化的最高水平,研制能力接近波音、空客和NASA,标志着中国新一代运载火箭在数字化设计能力上已跻身国际先进行列。
   长征七号的总体设计团队也十分"抢镜":80%以上未满35岁,46%拥有博士学位。


   风雨"难阻"发射


   现役火箭发射时都会避开雷雨天,但海南文昌发射场气候潮湿,降水量大,因此长征七号采用防水设计,就像给火箭穿上了金钟罩铁布衫,即使中雨也能发射。
   此外,海南文昌发射场有"浅层风",给长征七号运载火箭垂直转场带来挑战。设计部门给长征七号装上了"防风减载装置",即使遇到8级大风也不怕。
   火箭发射平台还要涂覆大面积"防晒霜"——种特种防护涂层。这是因为火箭发射点火的刹那,温度高达2800摄氏度,足以溶化绝大多数金属和非金属材料。表面有了防热涂层,发射平台的使用寿命就可以延长,更好地承受强热流的"冲刷"。
   新一代运载火箭发射还有针对强高温的"双保险"。在火箭点火起飞时,发射平台旁的"大流量喷水降温降噪系统"会给发射平台喷水降温,在20秒内喷出400吨水。
在喷射的400吨水中,有30%的水会汽化到大气中,60%的水则通过导流槽流走,水份蒸发带走大量的热,使得发射平台核心区降温幅度在1000度左右,有效地保护了火箭发射台内部的仪器设备。此外,该系统还有良好的降低噪音效果。


   未来:会有更大直径火箭诞生


   中国现役运载火箭的直径,受限于马屁股的宽度?没错,这个有趣的观点可以追溯到火车和铁轨的发明。
由于中国的火箭研制地与发射地有一定距离,大多用火车或者汽车运输,路上难免会通过一些隧道。而隧道的宽度又是由铁轨间的距离决定的。考虑到火车晃动、会车等因素,火箭的直径就更受限制了。
   火车轨道的宽度沿用了马车的轮宽标准,而马车的轮宽可以一直追溯到罗马战车,古罗马人是按照拉战车的两匹马的屁股宽度设定的。因此,中国的现役运载火箭的最大直径就"止步"在3.35米。
   而海南文昌发射中心启用后,这个限制就可以突破了,因为火箭可以通过海运,不再受限于隧道的宽度。今年下半年将发射的中国最大的火箭长征五号的直径就达到了5米,未来,中国还会有更大直径的火箭诞生。



 


(责任编辑:刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-06-25 17:57:55
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