Media: the 9 things to quickly understand the long seventh rocket | long seventh _ news
First flight just around the corner!
The long seventh rocket flight is of great significance, as a new generation of medium-launch vehicles, up to seven will greatly enhance our ability to enter space. This launches the manned space laboratory 4 missions "started war", and also the new Hainan spaceport launch is first executed.
So, the long seventh launched what were the highlights? Up to seven is a what rocket? Here are 9 things to help you understand it.
1
Take rain launch
Active rocket launch window would avoid the thunderstorm day, and the next-generation rocket is able to achieve moderate rain launch, this is because the new generation of launch vehicles are "waterproof" design.
New generation launch vehicle launching site humid climate, rainfall, the annual rainfall within 12 hours from 5 to 15 millimeters of more rain. To this end, the research staff to ensure the rain of rockets fired, which called rocket "waterproof".
What water rocket waterproof watch? Medium launch capability for new generation launch vehicle is actually not only should it have to rain. Many people seen rocket launches were seen filling the rocket after, under the influence of cryogenic propellant into low surface temperature, condensation water raining down arrows down, this is the rocket to be water-proof. In addition, arrow wall, pipeline condensate water can also freeze, ice will form Frost to melt water.
Rocket how to waterproof it? Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and design personnel follow the "stand-alone solution, not in the system, in the system, not on the General" principle from "product index" solve the water problem.
2
Rocket fuel can park 24 hours
Up to seven rocket launch site in Hainan training cryogenic fuel docked successfully after 24 hours, setting a low-temperature fuel parked the longest on record. Next-generation launch vehicles, a variety of mission requirements, and procedures before launch complex, parking 24 hour, securing more favourable for successful launch time, improve the reliability of the rocket launch.
Why only cryogenic fuel capacity of 24 hours? It turns out that cryogenic fuels are not only extremely low temperatures and inflammable and explosive evaporation, parked in the rocket-like "bomb". Not only staff jobs in a low temperature environment, an arrow on the body parts of equipment to face the test of low temperature also. Moreover, parked within 24 hours after the filling, adding 3 to 5 times the required.
3
Rockets and 20 second spray 400 tons of water
New generation is different from other rocket rocket launch: launch pad next to the "high-flow water cooling and noise reduction system" to the launch pad water cooling, or rocket launchers inside the equipment may be affected by the high temperatures.
When the rocket blasted off into body and tail spewing flames almost "hit" launch platform, making the launch platform moments close to 3,000 degrees Celsius, enough to melt most metals and non-metallic materials, even rocket launching platform made from special materials, heat-resistant coating on the surface, it's hard to withstand such high temperatures.
International advanced water cooling is the cooling method, this method will also appear in new generation launch vehicle. So, development personnel design has a big flow spray water cooling drop noise system, System points two level, level is located in launches platform Shang, in rocket engine ignition Qian to launches platform spray a layer 5 cm thick of water film, two level is located in launches platform on both sides of 5 meters high, in rocket fly up 5 meters high yihou to arrows body tail flame Center spray water, two level spray water facilities the spray more than 20 seconds, completed 400 tons of spray water, makes launches platform core cooling range in 1000 degrees around.
4
Rocket launching platforms also apply "sunscreen"
Rocket launcher moment of ignition, temperature up to 2,800, and launch platform can withstand the high heat flux erosion and resist strong temperature. To prolong the life of the launch platform and before each rocket, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 703 technicians rushed to the launch site, surface coating for the upcoming launch of platform a large area "sunscreen"-special protective coating.
Rocket-launching platform area to be coated is not "a face" size, but no less than 2000 square meters, light spray materials with nearly 4 tons. Launch platform before spraying, the first will be equipped with seven or eight computer starts grinding machine at, because the last time the launch platform surface ablation polished, with hundreds of kilograms of solvent cleaning, coating new coating can launch platform.
5
"Sofa" to launch site
From development to launch the rockets usually have 3 modes of transport--road, rail, sea, which method is the more "comfortable"? Designer image that: "rockets by road, railway, like ' hard bed ' boat sea transportation, it is like ' sofas '. ”
Long seven rocket collection practice arrows is shipping in the "first a eat crab" of rocket, model team in it of core a level, and core two level, and help push device, and rectifier cover, and the it ride of ship Shang, and Mount of container Shang, cloth has 30 a measuring points, detailed records has sail, and broke down, and anchor, and by Hong Kong, and variety sea Xia of overload environment data and vibration environment data.
Turns out, shipping vibration environment than other modes of transport, well within rocket equipment to ensure safety.
6
Rocket transitions can turn
Long seventh rocket in the transition process to turn 4 60-degree turn. Why turn? Is due to rocket, and the long fifth to share a transfer orbit, and covers an area of savings.
Hainan Wenchang launch site, "up to seven" rockets launched from technical positions to positions, you must turn. How to turn walk, turn a few bends to make rockets and security?
Designers a lot of calculation result, takes turn 4 corner, turning radius of 20 metres, maximum turning angle of about 60 degrees, so rockets turning the province.
7
Rockets also have "umbilical cord"
10 months of fetus in utero, umbilical cord plays a vital role, which learned of the fetus nourishment, eliminate waste. After the rocket reaches launch site, also has such an important "umbilical cord", and the mother's umbilical cord is different in essence, it is the rockets raises piping, gas piping, air conditioning ducts, cables and so on, continue to transport them to rocket fuel, gas and temperature regulation.
Rocket in active service pipes and cables on the launch Tower, these "umbilical cord" to work until the rockets before takeoff. Up to seven bearing rockets of rocket has a special filling pipe, pipeline equipment-umbilical Tower.
For up to seven rockets on a special umbilical Tower, with 6 pendulum rods on both sides of it, laying the flop, compressed air, air conditioning control cables around the lines and arrows, and equipped with gas and medium-frequency power supply rooms, so that its structure and composition is the most complex, which also means the development of launch vehicle technology has taken a giant step.
8
Rocket weight 90% is fuel
Rocket is a "steel" big man, weighing hundreds of tons of 90% even more of the big guy's weight is fuel.
Take the long seventh rocket, for example, rockets with a total weight of more than 500 tons, arrow case, cables, equipment and so on together only if more than 50 tons in weight, the rest is Lox/kerosene propellant weight. Rocket was a satellite payload to space, such as "car", "car", the weight of the vehicle itself, the smaller the better, to provide power more fuel, the better. Because of this, you can put as many of the "volume" for "passengers".
9
Rocket is worth the eight-level wind
In main 4 launch site in the country, with the exception of Wenchang in Hainan spaceport outside, other launch sites are inland, wind speed increases with height of little change. Wenchang launch site, but different, fifty or sixty meters high from the ground where wind speeds are far above the ground wind speed. "Feel the breeze on the ground, where rocket level may be ' Gale '. We refer to this wind of changes with height is called ' shallow wind '. "The developer said," up to seven "vertical transition more difficult.
In order to improve wind resistance, they rocket fitted with a "wind load shedding equipment", as a result, even with force 8 winds weather, up to seven rockets can still field, its wind capacity more than current rockets.
Written materials provided by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
Photo/Su Dong Sun Hao
Source: China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
Responsible editor: Qiao Leihua SN098
Article keywords:Long seventh
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媒体：通过9件事快速了解长征七号火箭|长征七号_新闻资讯
首飞在即！
长征七号运载火箭首飞意义重大，作为新一代中型运载火箭，长七将大幅提升我国进入空间的能力。本次发射是载人航天工程空间实验室阶段4次飞行任务的“开局之战”，也是我国新建成的海南发射场首次执行发射任务。
那么，本次长征七号发射有哪些亮点？长七是一枚什么样子的火箭？这里有9件事，能够帮你快速了解它。
1
可冒中雨发射
现役火箭发射选择窗口时都会避开雷雨天，而新一代运载火箭则能实现中雨发射，这是因为新一代运载火箭是做了“防水”设计的。
新一代运载火箭发射场气候潮湿，降水量大，全年12 小时内降水5至15毫米的中雨较多。为此，研制人员要保证火箭能够中雨发射，即要求火箭做好“防水”。
火箭防水都要防哪些水？要具备中雨发射能力的新一代运载火箭其实不仅仅要防雨水。很多看过火箭发射的人都见过加注后的火箭，受低温推进剂的影响，箭体表面的温度低，冷凝水像下雨一样顺着箭体流下来，这也是火箭要防的水。除此之外，箭壁、管路上的冷凝水还可能结冰，冰融化又会形成冰霜融化水等。
火箭怎么防水呢？中国航天科技集团公司一院设计人员遵循“能在单机解决的，不在系统解决，能在系统解决的，不在总体解决”原则，从“产品源头”解决防水问题。
2
火箭燃料加注可停放24小时
长七火箭在海南发射场合练，低温燃料加注后成功停放24小时，创下了低温燃料停放时间最长纪录。新一代运载火箭，有多种发射任务需求，且发射前程序复杂，停放24小时，可为成功发射争取更多有利时间，提高火箭发射的可靠性。
为何低温燃料加注后仅能停放24小时呢？原来，低温燃料不仅温度极低，且易燃易爆易蒸发，停放中的火箭就像“炸弹”。不仅工作人员要在低温环境中作业，箭体上的部分仪器设备也要面临低温环境的考验。而且，在加注后停放的24小时内，需补加3至5次。
3
火箭起飞20秒喷400吨水
新一代运载火箭发射时与其他火箭不同的是：发射平台旁的“大流量喷水降温降噪系统”要给发射平台喷水降温，否则火箭发射台内部的仪器设备很可能因高温受影响。
火箭点火起飞时，箭体尾部喷出的火焰几乎“直击”发射平台，使得发射平台瞬间接近3000 ℃，足以溶化绝大多数金属和非金属材料，即便火箭发射平台由特殊材料制成，表面有防热涂层，也很难承受如此高的温度。
国际上先进的降温方法是喷水降温，这一方法也将出现在新一代运载火箭发射中。因此，研制人员设计了一个大流量喷水降温降噪系统，系统分两级，一级位于发射平台上，在火箭发动机点火前给发射平台喷一层5厘米厚的水膜，二级位于发射平台两旁5米高空，在火箭飞达5米高以后向箭体尾部火焰中心喷水，两级喷水设施各喷20余秒，完成400吨的喷水量，使发射平台核心区降温幅度在1000 度左右。
4
火箭发射平台也要涂“防晒霜”
火箭发射点火的刹那，温度高达2800℃，发射平台既要能承受强热流的冲刷，又要耐得住强高温。为延长发射平台的使用寿命，在每次火箭发射前，中国航天科技集团公司一院703所的技术人员就要奔赴发射基地，为即将执行发射任务的平台表面涂覆大面积“防晒霜”——特种防护涂层。
火箭发射平台要涂覆的面积可不是“一张脸”大小，而是多达两千平方米，光喷涂用料就要用上将近4吨。在发射平台喷涂前，要先将料配备好，用七八台打磨机同时开工，将因为上次发射烧蚀的平台表面打磨好，再用几百公斤的溶剂清洗后，才能给发射平台涂覆新的防护涂层。
5
坐“ 沙发”去发射场
火箭从研制地到发射场通常有3 种运输方式—— 公路、铁路、海运，哪种方式更“舒适”呢？设计人员形象地说：“火箭走公路、铁路，就像坐‘硬板床’；乘船走海运，就好似坐‘沙发’。”
长七火箭合练箭是海运中“第一个吃螃蟹”的火箭，型号队伍在它的芯一级、芯二级、助推器、整流罩，及它乘坐的船上、装载的集装箱上，布了30个测点，详细记录了起航、抛锚、起锚、靠港，以及多种海况下的过载环境数据和振动环境数据。
事实表明，海运的振动环境优于其他运输方式，可以很好地保证火箭内部设备的安全。
6
火箭转场能转弯
长征七号火箭在转场过程中要拐4个60度的弯。为何要拐弯？是因为要和长征五号火箭共用一个转运轨道，节省占地面积。
在海南文昌发射场，“长七”火箭从技术阵地转到发射阵地，必须拐弯。而怎么拐、拐几个弯才能使火箭行走省劲儿又安全呢？
设计人员通过大量的计算，得出要转4个弯，转弯半径为20米，最大转弯角度在60度左右，这样火箭转弯最省劲儿。
7
火箭也有“ 脐带”
胎儿在母体里的10 个月，脐带起到了至关重要的作用，它为胎儿吸取养料、排除废料。火箭在到达发射场之后，也有着这样重要的“脐带”，与母体内的脐带有着异曲同工之妙，它就是火箭的加注管道、供气管道、空调管道以及电缆等等，它们向火箭源源不断地输送燃料、供气以及调节体温。
现役火箭的管道、电缆都在发射塔架上，这些“脐带”要一直工作到火箭起飞前。而长七火箭有了专门的承载火箭加注管道、供气管道的装置——脐带塔。
长七火箭的脐带塔很特别，它的两侧装有6根摆杆，内部铺设有加注、供气、空调管路和箭上众多控制电缆，以及配气台和中频电源房间，因此它的结构及组成是最复杂的，这也意味着我国运载火箭的研制技术又迈出了一大步。
8
火箭体重90%是燃料
火箭是个“钢筋铁骨”的大个子，体重几百吨，这个大家伙体重的90%甚至更多都是燃料。
以长征七号火箭为例，火箭的总体重为500余吨，箭体外壳、电缆、仪器等重量加在一起只有50余吨，其余都是液氧煤油推进剂的重量。火箭是卫星等载荷通往太空的“专车”，对于这辆“专车”来说，车本身的自重越小越好，能提供动力的燃料越多越好。因为这样，就可以把尽可能多的“运量”留给“乘客”。
9
火箭可抵八级风
在国内主要的4个发射场中，除海南文昌发射场外，其他的发射场都在内陆，风速随距地面高度的变化不大。但文昌发射场不同，距地面五六十米高的地方的风速要远高于地面风速。“地面感受到的是微风，火箭一级的地方可能就是‘大风’了。我们将这种随距地面高度而变化的风称为‘浅层风’。”研制人员说，这给“长七”垂直转场增加了难度。
为了提升抗风能力，他们给火箭装上了“防风减载装置”，这样一来，即使遇到8 级大风的天气，长七火箭依旧可以转场，它的抗风能力超过现役火箭。
文字材料由中国航天科技集团公司一院提供
摄/宿东 孙浩
来源：中国航天科技集团
责任编辑：乔雷华 SN098
文章关键词： 长征七号
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