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published in(发表于) 2016/6/25 11:59:31
The reality: why China’s fourth space launch site location Wenchang

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中文

The reality: why China's fourth space launch site location Wenchang

On May 14, 2016, the long seventh rocket smooth unloading from qinglan harbor of Wenchang, Hainan shipped to launch site

Lift space launch site, many broken fingers: "Jiuquan, Xichang and Taiyuan."


And now, we have to reach out a finger to add "Wenchang in Hainan."


From inland sand to water, blue sky, the Hainan Wenchang launch site suddenly becomes special, why our newest space launch site located in Hainan, and why, our latest long seventh rocket in Wenchang first? With these questions, reporters rushed to Hainan to hear interpretation of aerospace experts.


Addressing wencang four reasons will suffice

China now has four of spaceflight launch site

First, low latitudes, save money and effort.


In order to make it easier for you to understand, we have about science: first, launch speed is determined by the launch vehicle's speed and the speed of rotation of the Earth superimposed to form, in case of rocket speed must, lower the latitude of the launch site, the Earth faster, allowing the satellite orbits faster.


Secondly, from the Equator or East Equatorial launch site to launch geostationary orbit satellite, the satellite's orbit and final orbit at, or close to the same plane, maneuver can save the satellite to geostationary orbit position needs a lot of energy, saving valuable satellite propellant, significantly extend the satellite life.


We understand these two points, the advantage of low latitude launch sites naturally goes without saying.


The Wenchang space launch site Yi Ziqian, Deputy Director, told reporters: "the low latitude, with the same fuel spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit can be pushed too far, and loads more, carry more efficient. ”


Is to say:


The Wenchang space launch site located near Wenchang city, Hainan Province, is about 19 degrees north latitude and 19 points. According to the Chinese Academy of engineering, rocket expert Long Yuehao estimates, and at latitude 28 degrees compared to the Xichang launch site, from the Hainan spaceport launch rocket, payloads will increase 7.4%, can China's existing launch vehicle and payload increased 300duoqianke.


After the Wenchang launch rockets from the angle of 19 degrees and angle of 27 degrees from the Xichang launch, just a correction on the angle between the Hainan spaceport compared with the Xichang launching site, saves fuel ready to make run for 3 years.

Under the blue sky of Wenchang in Hainan spaceport

Second: safe


Wenchang satellite launch Center is adjacent to the vastness of the South China Sea.


After the rockets, rocket boosters, and some arrows experience is split to form the rocket debris, effects due to the rotation of the Earth's gravity, as well as improvement of the combined effects of falling rocket debris within 1000 km east of the launch site.


While shooting the cover of Wenchang launch site 90 degrees to 185 degrees, fired at 1000 km are within the vast expanse of the South China Sea, will greatly improve the security of rocket area, rocket debris falling.


Third: shipping needs.


In long fifth rocket, for example, rocket more than 5 meters in diameter, for a long time, since China railway tunnel diameter limit, more than 3.5 m-diameter rocket will not pass the rail transport.


Beijing special engineering design and Research Institute, Chief Engineer Liu Xiaohua said: "the heavy-lift rocket is the first prerequisite for building a space station, is also necessary for return humans to the Moon and Mars. ”


And three inland launch base is in stark contrast, Wenchang base in a coastal area near the port, berth ships carrying large rocket, will rocket this monster by sea transport issues.

The long seventh rocket in vertical transport to the launch area.

Its 4:4 site layout


The Wenchang space launch site Yi Ziqian, Deputy Director, said: "the layout optimization, advantages, and Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang satellite launch Center form the coastal inland, high latitudes, shoot a combination of scientific layout. ”


Xichang launching site in Hainan Province, once completed, can launch geosynchronous orbit, massive, big angle in low Earth orbit, Sun-synchronous orbit, polar-orbiting spacecraft, such as space stations, cargo ships, and so on. To improve the ability of China's space launch complex. Strategic layout more rational, perfect.


(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-06-25 14:49:28
Authorities wide nets
揭秘:中国第四个航天发射场缘何选址文昌

2016年5月14日,长征七号火箭从海南文昌清澜港顺利卸船运往发射场

  提起航天发射场,估计大多数人都会掰着手指头如数家珍:“酒泉、西昌、太原”。


  而现在,我们又要伸出一个手指,加上“海南文昌”。


  从内陆黄沙到碧海蓝天,这个海南文昌发射场一下子变得特殊起来,为什么要把我国最新的航天发射场设在海南,又为什么,我国最新的长征七号运载火箭要在文昌首发?带着这些问题,记者赶赴海南听听航天专家的解读。


  定址文昌四个理由就够了

中国现有四大航天发射场

  其一:低纬度,省钱省力。


  为了让大家更容易理解,我们先科普一下:首先,发射卫星的飞行速度是由运载火箭的速度与地球速度的转动分量叠加起来形成的,在运载火箭速度一定的情况下,发射场纬度越低,地球转动速度越大,从而可使被发射卫星的轨道速度越大。


  其次,从赤道或靠近赤道的发射场向东发射地球静止轨道卫星时,可使卫星的飞行轨道与最终轨道处于或靠近同一平面内,这样可以节省卫星机动到地球静止轨道位置所需要的大量能量,节省宝贵的卫星推进剂,大大延长卫星运行寿命。


  在我们了解这两点之后,低纬度发射场的优势自然不言而喻。


  文昌航天发射场副主任易自谦告诉记者:“低纬度,用相同的燃料就可以将地球同步轨道航天器推得更远,载荷更大,运载效率更高。”


  说点实在的:


  文昌航天发射场位于海南省文昌市附近约北纬19度19分。据中国工程院院士、运载火箭专家龙乐豪测算,与位于北纬28度的西昌发射场相比,从海南航天发射场发射火箭,有效载荷将提高7.4%,可以使中国现有的运载火箭,有效载荷提高300多千克。


  而火箭从文昌发射场发射后的夹角为19度,而从西昌发射后的夹角为27度,仅仅在校正夹角上,海南航天发射场与西昌发射场相比,节省的燃料就可以让卫星多运行3年。

碧海蓝天下的海南文昌发射场

  其二:更安全


  文昌发射中心紧邻浩瀚的南海。


  在火箭升空后,火箭助推器和部分箭体会被剥离,从而形成火箭残骸,由于地球引力以及自转力等作用的综合影响,火箭残骸一般坠落在发射点以东1000公里之内。


  而文昌发射场的射向覆盖90度至185度,射向1000公里范围内均为浩渺无垠的南海,将大大提高火箭航区、火箭残骸坠落的安全性。


  其三:海运便捷。


  以长征五号运载火箭为例,火箭直径超过5米,而长期以来,由于中国铁路隧道直径的限制,超过3.5米直径的火箭就不能通过铁路运输。


  北京特种工程设计研究院总工程师刘晓华表示:“大推力火箭是建造空间站的首要前提,也是人类重返月球、登陆火星的必要条件。”


  与目前三大内陆发射基形成鲜明对比的是,文昌基地处在滨海地区,临近的港口,可以停泊运送大型火箭的船舰,通过海运方式将可以解决火箭这种庞然大物运输难的问题。

长征七号火箭垂直转运至发射区。

  其四:四大发射场合理布局


  文昌航天发射场副主任易自谦表示:“布局优化、优势突出,与酒泉、太原、西昌三大卫星发射中心形成沿海内陆、高低纬度、各种射向相结合的科学布局。”


  海南西昌发射场建成之后,可以发射地球同步轨道、大质量、大倾角中低轨道、太阳同步轨道、极地轨道航天器,比如空间站、货运飞船等等。使我国航天发射场综合发射能力提高。战略布局更为合理,完善。


(责任编辑:刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-06-25 14:49:28
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