Wenchang launch pad Tower lightning protection lightning network efficiency of 98.6%| long seventh | Wenchang launch sites _ news
Xinhua News Agency, Hainan, Wenchang June 25-problem: experts explain Hainan Wenchang launch site-the Chief Engineer of the Beijing special engineering design and Research Institute Xiaohua Liu
Mei Changwei, Wang Ting, Feng China
Long seventh rocket launch just around the corner, the launch of China's space launch affect layout? Why built in Hainan spaceport? The Wenchang space launch site in what is a breakthrough technology? Overall launch system is an exclusive interview with Xinhua--Beijing special engineering design and Research Institute, Chief Engineer Liu Xiaohua.
Site location Wen Chang for 4 main reasons
Liu Xiaohua said that when States in the choice of launch sites in the world, will try to choose the low latitude regions, the best choice near the equator, which can be endowed by the rotation of the Earth and launch eastward velocity, increased carrying capacity. New site launch of Wenchang in Hainan in China first, is because it is close to the equator, latitude, with the same fuel spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit can be pushed too far, and loads more, carry more efficient.
Second reason is that from the transport point of view, long fifth rocket core stage (diameter) 5 m, super high and long, limited on a build site in inland transport, by sea solution is better.
Third reason is shot into wider, Wenchang launch into broader, more advantages than inland.
The fourth reason is safety, shoot at 1000 km are sea rocket area, debris area security.
The strategic layout of China's space launch site more reasonable
Liu Xiaohua said several launch sites in China, Jiuquan launching manned spacecraft and mainly in the large dip angle low-orbit spacecraft, Taiyuan main launch heliosynchronous orbit and polar-orbiting spacecraft, Xichang main launch spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit. Wenchang space launch site can launch a geostationary orbit, massive large inclination low Earth orbit, Sun-synchronous orbit, polar orbit spacecraft such as the space station, the cargo ship.
"Which makes our coastal and inland spaceport formation combined, the combination of high latitude, the pattern of combining various shooting range, strategic layout more rational, more perfect, greatly improving our ability to launch complex and more to carry out international cooperation in space launches. "Liu Xiaohua said.
Technical level there are 4 major breakthrough
Liu Xiaohua said the Wenchang space launch site under complicated natural conditions of significant construction and ecological-friendly intensive site construction, heavy-lift rocket launching capabilities, information command and control capabilities, such as four breakthroughs.
For example, firing two rockets using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, aviation fuel and other toxic pollution-free propellant vertical transfer orbit by intensive design, and fifth rocket linear transfer orbit, long seventh rocket transport lines with the curve tracks, shares a track with the long fifth rocket, minimizing cost and occupy the land.
In terms of information command and control capabilities, the first domestic software development platform, development control command monitoring system software, ensure space launch core technology independently controllable, is absolutely safe.
Rocket launch occupying time in just 3 days
Liu Xiaohua said that Hainan Wenchang space launch site a special geographical position, from the formation of tropical cyclones landing in Hainan Province of South China Sea, less than 72 hours, this requires that the rocket launched a period of not more than 3 days for the area. To this end, the Wenchang space launch site used for vertical Assembly, vertical tests, vertical transportation and long distance test of the new "three down a long" launch test mode, launch area does not need to be re-tested the rocket launch in transit implementation within 3 days, greatly improve the efficiency of emission.
Tower lightning protection lightning network efficiency of 98.6%
Liu Xiaohua said the Wenchang launch sites located in the coastal zone, heavy rains often, lightning as much as 113 days a year on average, far more frequently than other space, such as Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang launch site and launch Tower endangered by direct lightning chances, subject to a greater risk of lightning electromagnetic pulse interference.
Lightning protection in order to solve the problem, they are based on the probability model of the lightning protection system, using numerical simulation of lightning lightning interception efficiency of the system, in order to achieve a statistical prediction of the lightning protection system. By comparison, was established by the four to avoid Tower and across lightning-stereo network consisting of lightning protection system. Computer simulation and lightning test results show that the efficiency of the lightning protection up to 98.6%, higher than that of existing lightning protection efficiency of system 90% of the launch site, and reached the domestic leading level.
Responsible editor: Qiao Leihua SN098
Article keywords:Long seventh Wenchang launch site
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文昌发射场发射塔避雷网雷击防护效率达98.6%|长征七号|文昌发射场_新闻资讯
新华社海南文昌6月25日电 题：专家详解海南文昌发射场——专访北京特种工程设计研究院总工程师刘晓华
梅常伟、王婷、冯中华
长征七号火箭发射在即，这次发射对我国航天发射布局有哪些影响？为什么要在海南建航天发射场？文昌航天发射场在技术上有何突破？新华社记者专访了发射场系统总体单位——北京特种工程设计研究院总工程师刘晓华。
发射场选址文昌主要有4个原因
刘晓华说，世界各国在选择发射场时，都会尽量选择低纬度地区，最好选择在赤道附近，这样可使火箭发射后得到地球自转赋予的向东的初速度，提高运载能力。我国新一代航天发射场选址海南文昌的第一个原因，就是因为这里靠近赤道，纬度较低，用相同的燃料可以将地球同步轨道航天器推得更远，载荷更大，运载效率更高。
第二个原因是从运输角度来考虑，长征五号火箭芯级（直径）有5米，超高超长，在内陆建发射场运输上受限，通过海运方式解决较为理想。
第三个原因是射向更宽，文昌发射场的射向广，比内陆更有优势。
第四个原因是安全性好，射向1000公里范围内均为海域，火箭航区、残骸落区安全性好。
我国航天发射场的战略布局更为合理
刘晓华说，我国的几个发射场中，酒泉主要发射载人航天器和大倾角中低轨道航天器，太原主要发射太阳同步轨道和极地轨道航天器，西昌主要发射地球同步轨道航天器。文昌航天发射场可以发射地球同步轨道、大质量大倾角中低轨道、太阳同步轨道、极地轨道航天器，比如空间站、货运飞船等。
“这使得我国航天发射场形成沿海和内陆相结合、高低纬度相结合、各种射向范围相结合的格局，战略布局更为合理，体系更加完善，极大提高我国航天发射场综合发射能力，也更加便于开展国际航天发射合作。”刘晓华说。
技术层面有4大突破
刘晓华说，文昌航天发射场实现了复杂自然条件下重大工程建设、生态型环保型集约型发射场建设、大推力火箭发射能力、信息化指挥控制能力等四大突破。
比如，所发射的两型火箭全面采用液氢、液氧、航空煤油等无毒无污染型推进剂；垂直转运轨道采用集约化设计，长征五号火箭采用直线转运轨道，长征七号火箭采用直线加弯道的转运轨道，与长征五号火箭共用一段轨道，最大程度减少工程造价和占用土地。
在信息化指挥控制能力方面，首创国产化软件开发平台，研发测控指挥监控系统等配套软件，确保了航天发射核心技术的自主可控、绝对安全。
火箭在发射区占位时间只需3天
刘晓华说，由于海南文昌航天发射场地理位置特殊，从南海形成热带气旋到海南登陆，时间不超过72小时，这就要求火箭在发射区的占位时间不能超过3天。为此，文昌航天发射场采用了垂直总装、垂直测试、垂直转运和远距离测试的新“三垂一远”发射测试模式，在发射区不需要进行重新测试，火箭在转运3天内即可实施发射，极大提高了发射效率。
发射塔避雷网雷击防护效率达98.6%
刘晓华说，文昌发射场地处沿海地带，暴雨频繁，平均每年雷电天数高达113天，频繁程度远高于酒泉、太原和西昌等国内其它航天发射场，发射塔架受到直击雷危害的几率很大，受到雷击电磁脉冲干扰的几率更大。
为解决雷电防护问题，他们基于概率论建立了雷电防护系统的数学模型，运用数值仿真模拟计算了防雷系统的雷电拦截效率，从而实现了对防雷系统的统计预测。通过比较分析，确定了由四座避雷塔和横拉避雷线组成的立体网式防雷电系统方案。计算机仿真和雷击试验的结果表明，该措施雷击防护效率可达到98.6%，高于国内现有发射场防雷电系统90%的防护效率，达到了国内领先水平。
责任编辑：乔雷华 SN098
文章关键词： 长征七号 文昌发射场
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