Long seventh return capsule is similar to metal tumbler back back ground | long seventh | aerospace | rockets _ news

The night of June 25, long seventh in Wenchang, Hainan spaceport for launch vehicle blasted off, people have camera phones to shoot photo/Visual China

Legal evening news (reporters Li Wenji) according to programme the long seventh carrier rocket carrying a multipurpose ship scaled return capsule will return to wind this afternoon with ballistic landing field. Return capsule returns the aiming point is located in the hinterland of the badain jaran desert in Inner Mongolia, landing area for more than 20,000 square kilometers. At present, the landing site systems are already in place.

Relevant departments in charge of the landing site system, the long seventh rocket powered upper stage and capsule Assembly flight after the 13th round, started the third orbit control, into the return track. When the Assembly flight to an altitude of about 170 kilometres, the return capsule separated from the upper stage. Subsequently, the equipment began implementation of the measurement and control of the landing site system tracks, experience the re-entry, stage through the blackout, the return capsule main parachute opened, search recovery systems operational until recovery is complete.

　　Re-entry is the next manned spaceship miniature

According to reports, the first flight of the long seventh, while in testing next-generation rocket technology, will also carry a new generation of multi-purpose scaling of manned spacecraft re-entry and our own development of small satellites.

Scaled version of pneumatic capsule shoulder gets flight data, validation of reusable, new metal material properties such as mission.

The CPPCC members, Chief Designer of the China manned space program Zhou Jianping said in an interview before the long seventh carrier rocket will carry a new scaled down reentry capsule, which is the innovation of China's manned space exploration program.

According to the legal evening news (app ID:fzwb_52165216) reporter, at the launch in the long seventh rocket with the expedition -1A upper stage carrying a total load of 5 to 6 different demand, including five by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation developing a multipurpose ship scaled the capsule. The capsule's launch, opens the prelude to China's development of a new generation of manned spacecraft project.

According to the schedule, after the long seventh launch, scale-return capsule will not stay for a long time in orbit. Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Research Institute of carrier rocket long March seventh rocket Deputy Commander Zhang Tao introduction, scale-return capsule returns successfully, are an important part of the success the long seventh mission.

Zhang explained that the special rocket launch, saying "-stage rocket separation" rocket was successfully launched. But seven first flight for this long quest, followed by the payload, is "above". There is a scale of the capsule, is a model of a new generation of manned spacecraft of the future scale, probably about 1:0.6.

Afternoon of the second day, the return capsule returned safely landed, is the ultimate success.

　　Shaped like a metal tumbler "supine" back to the ground

A new generation of multi-purpose scale return of manned spacecraft cabin height 2.6 m and weighing 2.8 tons. If the appearance of the Shenzhou spacecraft is "Bell", multi-purpose capsule looks more like a narrow head Qiao, bottom took the "metal tumbler." It will take re-entry flight toward the end of front and back of head "back" position back on the ground.

A new generation of reentry capsule is tapered lateral walls and spherical shape, top, side wall, the structure is divided into three parts at the end of it.

Main bearing part is the return capsule at the top, in the opening paragraph returns in the process against the harsh impact load. Top class, Catapult equipment such as antennas, GNSS antenna, the blackout.

Side wall includes a thermal protection layer, honeycomb panels, and wall panels, heat 4, and honeycomb panels pasted together, and then screwed way is connected with wall panels of reinforced. Side wall of the main attitude control, pneumatic measuring equipment is installed.

Key parts of the outsole is cushion the landing impact loads from inner and outer layer of skin, and reinforced the Purlin formed. Outsole is made of metal and heat-resistant soles at the end of a two-part, key information is installed on the end of metal management, energy management, recycling, features such as pneumatic measuring equipment pneumatic measuring equipment was laying on the heat resistant outsole.

Due to the significant increase in the quality of the new spacecraft, current long 2nd f rocket has been unable to meet emission requirements, the new spacecraft will be long seventh rocket and the long fifth rocket launch.

Space Technology Research Institute of aerospace science and technology group head of the multipurpose ship scaled re-entry technology, said Yang Lei, "going to the Moon, Mars, or further afield, and it requires higher demands on the ability to ship, they now made some technical preparations in advance, is such a purpose. ”

As the streamlined appearance of high-speed rail can help speed up spacecraft at high speed condition, minor shape differences will have a big impact on flight. Yang Lei introduced ground simulation and physical testing, wind tunnel tests and other means, are inferior to the God in flight test is accurate, this is also the point of the mission.

　　Use double-layer design reusable thermal protection

Yang Lei said they set up a new system, the system can be used from atmospheric loading into the aircraft data, by direct measurement of the aerodynamic parameters of the entire flight, can be established for the follow-up the spacecraft's aerodynamic database.

In addition, in order to realize low-cost commuting between heaven, Earth and the universe, reusable is the key. Scale-return capsule uses a "metal structures + thermal protection structure" design of double-layer thermal protection, just as automobile air conditioner filter replacement, was burning in the atmosphere after returning to the ground, heat-resistant removable structure, can be replaced.

Yang Lei explained that thermal protection structures and metal seal structure in the past, is now divided into two blocks. After the spacecraft returns to replace it, then a new, metal structures can be reused on operating costs in the future will have a significantly lower.

According to the legal evening news (app ID:fzwb_52165216) reporter, once scaled the capsule technology validated added weapon for China's new generation of multipurpose ship. New generation of multipurpose ship than the astronauts of Shenzhou spacecraft take about 1 time reaches the farther deep space, meet the future manned moon landings, manned fire detection and other tasks, setting the ship layout according to different tasks.

Yang Lei introduced, such as going to the space station, and future flight may be two-day docking, or fast has done 6-hour docking. Do not need to change clothes or go to the bathroom at this point, some space may not need these layouts. But like lunar missions, at least it would take 10 days ' time, you might need to give people a space for privacy, is based on the mission requirements the space inside with a final layout.

Text/reporter Li Wenji part central canton news

Responsible editor: Sun Ailin SN146

Article keywords:
Long seventh aerospace rocket

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长征七号返回舱形似金属不倒翁 仰卧回地面|长征七号|航空航天|火箭_新闻资讯

　　6月25日晚，长征七号运载火箭在海南文昌航天发射场点火升空，民众纷纷举起手机拍摄 供图/视觉中国

　　法制晚报讯（记者 李文姬）根据任务方案，长征七号运载火箭搭载的多用途飞船缩比返回舱将于今天下午以弹道方式返回东风着陆场。返回舱返回瞄准点位于内蒙古巴丹吉林沙漠腹地，着陆区域范围为2万多平方公里。目前，着陆场各系统已准备就绪。

　　着 陆场系统相关部门负责人介绍，长征七号运载火箭搭载的上面级和返回舱组合体飞行第13圈后，开始实施第三次轨道控制，进入返回轨道。当组合体飞行至高度约 170公里处，返回舱与上面级分离。随后，着陆场系统的测控设备开始实施测控跟踪，在经历再入大气层、通过黑障等阶段后，待返回舱主伞打开，搜索回收系统 展开作业直至回收完毕。

　　返回舱是未来载人飞船缩小版

　　据介绍，首次飞行的长征七号，在检验新一代火箭技术的同时，还将搭载我国新一代多用途载人飞船缩比返回舱和多颗我国自主研制的小卫星。

　　缩比版返回舱肩负着获取飞行气动数据、验证可重复使用、新型金属材料性能等使命。

　　全国政协委员、中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平此前在接受媒体采访时透露，长征七号运载火箭将搭载一个新型缩小比例的飞船返回舱，这是我国载人航天的创新探索项目。

　　据 法制晚报（微信ID：fzwb_52165216）记者了解，在此次发射中，长征七号火箭与远征-1A上面级共携带了5类6项不同需求的载荷，其中包括由 中国航天科技集团公司五院研制的多用途飞船缩比返回舱。该返回舱的发射，开启了我国新一代载人飞船研制工程的序幕。

　　按照任务安排，长征七号发射升空后，缩比返回舱将不会在轨停留很长时间。航天科技集团运载火箭研究院长征七号火箭副总指挥张涛介绍，缩比返回舱成功返回，也是此次长征七号任务成功的重要组成部分。

　　张涛解释说，狭义的火箭发射，说“级箭分离”，火箭就算发射成功了。但是对于这次长七首飞任务来说，后面还有有效载荷，就是“上面级”。这里面有一个缩比的返回舱，就是未来新一代的载人飞船缩比的一个模型，大概是1比0.6左右。

　　第二天的下午，返回舱安全返回着陆，才算是最终的成功。

　　形似金属不倒翁 “仰卧”回地面

　　新一代多用途载人飞船缩比返回舱身高2.6米，体重2.8吨。如果说神舟飞船的外观是“钟罩式”，那么多用途返回舱看起来更像一个头部窄巧、底部敦实的“金属不倒翁”。再入大气层的飞行过程中它将采取大底朝前、小头朝后的“仰卧”姿势回到地面。

　　我国新一代飞船返回舱为圆锥侧壁加球冠大底的结构构型，其结构主体分为顶部、侧壁、大底三部分。

　　顶部是返回舱的主要承力部件，需在返回段开伞过程中抵抗严苛的冲击载荷。顶部有伞舱、弹射器、GNSS 天线、黑障天线等设备。

　　侧壁包括防热层、蜂窝板和壁板，其中防热层有4块，并与蜂窝板粘贴在一起，再用螺接的方式与壁板上的筋相连接。侧壁上主要安装有姿态控制、气动测量功能的设备。

　　大底是缓冲着陆冲击载荷的关键部位，由内外两层蒙皮以及夹筋桁条组成。大底由金属大底和防热大底两部分组成，其中金属大底上主要安装有信息管理、能源管理、回收、气动测量等功能的设备；防热大底上布设了气动测量功能设备。

　　由于新飞船质量的显著增加，目前的长征2号F火箭已经无法满足发射要求，未来新飞船将会由长征七号火箭和长征五号火箭发射。

　　航天科技集团空间技术研究院多用途飞船缩比返回舱技术负责人杨雷表示，“以后要去登月，或者去更远的火星，它需要对飞船的能力提出更高的要求，他们现在就提前做了一些技术的准备，是这样一个目的。”

　　如同高铁的流线形外观能帮助提速，航天器在高速状态下，微小的外形差别将对飞行产生很大的影响。杨雷介绍，地面的模拟仿真、实物检验、风洞试验等多种手段，都不如上天飞行试验准确，这也是此次任务的意义所在。

　　使用双层热防护设计 可重复利用

　　杨雷表示，他们设置了一套新的系统，利用该系统可实现从大气层外载入飞行器采集数据，通过直接测量整个飞行过程的气动参数，可以为后续建立飞船的气动数据库。

　　此外，要想实现低成本的天地往返、宇宙通勤，可重复使用是技术的关键。缩比返回舱使用了“金属结构+防热结构”的双层热防护设计，就像汽车空调滤芯更换，被大气层灼烧返回地面后，防热结构可拆卸、可更换。

　　杨雷解释，过去防热结构和金属密封结构都是做在一起的，现在是分成两块。飞船返回之后可以把它换掉，再换一个新的，金属结构可以重复使用，在以后的运营成本上就会有一个明显的降低。

　　据 法制晚报（微信ID：fzwb_52165216）记者了解，一旦缩比返回舱相关技术得到验证，将为我国新一代多用途飞船再添利器。新一代多用途飞船将比 神舟飞船搭乘多一倍左右的航天员到达更远的深空，满足未来载人登月、载人探火等任务，根据不同任务设置飞船布局。

　　杨雷介绍，比如去 空间站，未来飞行可能两天就要对接，或者再快的已经做到6小时对接。这时候就不需要换衣服或者上厕所，一些空间可能就不需要这些布局。但是比如要进行探月 任务，最少得需要10天的时间，可能就得需要给人一个隐私的空间，所以是根据任务需求最后定里边的空间布局的。

　　文/记者 李文姬 部分综合央广新闻

责任编辑：孙爱林 SN146

文章关键词：
长征七号 航空航天 火箭

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