Explore China's second batch of astronauts participate in the caves of Europe training (photo) | | | cave air force _ the astronauts news
Original title: European Space Agency reveals how Chinese astronaut cave training
Legal evening news (reporters Li Shixiang) 28th, our second batch of male astronauts Ye Guangfu is Italy participating in cave training message has attracted extensive attention, this is the first Chinese astronaut to participate in the project. By night (app ID:fzwb_52165216) the connection of the Organization caves in the first time training project of the European Space Agency experts, revealed this is a special training on how to proceed.
"We sent six astronauts to the altitude of 400 kilometers, also sent in Italy Sardinia 800 meters below the cave. "Recently, cave training organized by the European Space Agency astronauts officially began, before the curtain, the European Space Agency introduced.
In this year's six-member training team China's Ye Guangfu is a member, which is also China's astronaut training program participated in the cave for the first time. This morning, the ESA European astronaut Centre Director Frank de Pooh (Frank.De.Winne) and the European Space Agency cave training designers, training Task Manager bud Danna·beisen (Loredana Bessone) accepted by night (app ID:fzwb_52165216) reporter, said in an interview, the reason for such training, mainly in caves of the dark and unfamiliar environment and space have many similarities.
In an interview, Rachel Dana told reporters, after a few minutes, she will cave under the lead astronaut for training.
According to the arrangement, cave train takes about two weeks to 24th after a two-week study, learn how to experiment, and use a leash through the underground cave, as the spacewalk. On July 1, six nights training astronauts visiting the caves. There, they were cut off from the sunlight, depend on each other, as well as on the international space station to learn how to contact the ground and completes the task.
Strange cave
Sound and light deprivation "walls" as the spacewalk
By night: why astronauts training in cave?
Frank: caves of the dark and unfamiliar environment and space have a lot of similarities. In a deep hole, we can feel in our sensory deprivation of the many sounds and natural light. Walking along the walls of the caves cave training process, similar to the spacewalk, cave explorers need to remain vigilant, as in space, whether as an individual or a group, you need to make important decisions.
Astronauts on the international space station from Russia, Europe, Japan and the United States and other places, each of them has its own background, peacetime training conducted in geographically dispersed, and don't always have the time to get to know each other. Therefore, cave training provides an opportunity for them to meet, and learn how to find better cooperation in some serious conditions.
By night (app ID:fzwb_52165216): it is very helpful for team?
Rachel Dana: cave training courses to keep astronauts safe and effective conduct of the work. International team in danger in the harsh economic environment can learn how to effectively communicate, how to make decisions, and how to work as a team and, in addition, can also exercise leadership skills and learn to obey the command.
By night: the cave environment similar to the training and the extent to which spacewalk?
Frank: moving around in a cave, is moved horizontally using cables, using climbing equipment is moved vertically, this training requires constant attention, trust in the skills using tools and equipment. Underground cavern similar to walk and walk, because they need the help of safety rope, 3D positioning, to keep clear of the danger area, and careful planning and team work.
By night: such a unique environment where?
Rachel Dana: walking in a strange cave environment, like walking in a different planet. In the darkness, no plants and large animals, the cave is a strange environment for astronauts, has a lot of us are not familiar with the different geographical characteristics.
"High copy" training
Five experiments the astronauts practiced every day location
By night: walking apart from the cave, and what training?
Frank: Science (training) in the caves occupied the main part of the training course. As the international space station, astronauts in the cave a day about five experiments, these experiments are carefully designed by scientists in various fields. These efforts can produce substantive results, will eventually be rendered in published books.
This involves scientific work including access to geographic and microbial samples of cave drawings, photographs, and monitors air flow and levels of carbon dioxide, temperature and humidity measuring radon levels. In addition, it also includes a sampling of sediment, water, air.
Rachel Dana: in addition to training how to discover, monitor, and record the cave environment, also need training in how technical activities organized throughout the mission, how to collaborate with your team. We have technical ropes and training, train members how to explore, to locate and how to take pictures in caves, the use of radio communication systems.
By night: astronaut what are the challenges and pressures?
Frank: cave provides a strange environment, astronauts need to learn to self awareness (the environment around), and collaborate with the team, in addition to customary lack of sensory, physical and psychological pressure, and multicultural environment. In addition, you also need new skills, such as language for Security keep the focus.
Rachel Dana: astronauts involved in scientific exploration in remote areas will face all the difficulties that could be encountered, such as carrying out new challenges, looking for path facing difficulties and how to assist with colleagues and finish the task.
By night: Why choose Italy Sardinia Sa Grutta cave?
Frank: first cave training should be safe, but at the same time, to be able to pose a challenge to the astronauts. Safety is the most important, but the actual environment is also very important. In addition, the cave needs to be able to relatively easily with the outside world closer, in order to provide logistical support for training.
Rachel Dana: it depends on the content you want to train. Cave choice is safety, technical requirements, considering the ability of the participants. Many cave provides us with a choice, we select this cave in order to accomplish our goal.
Selection of personnel
Recommended by the participating institutions may be sent in the future international space station
By night: astronaut training is how to choose?
Frank: astronaut is recommended by the participating institutions. The bodies involved in recommending United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Russian Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the European Space Agency and the China manned space engineering office.
By night: cave training for astronauts to be compulsory?
Frank: this is an optional training course, each flew to the international space station crew to go through "human behaviour and performance training," cave train is a project. In addition there are a number of other training programs such as Russia's survival training programs.
Cave training focusing on leadership, follow instructions, collaboration and policy decisions on the multicultural exploration. After the end of the course, astronauts multicultural teams to better understand their functions, as well as master the skills, areas in which the need for self improvement.
Rachel Dana: Although this is not compulsory, but training by the astronauts that the cave is one of the best courses, including the European Space Agency and United States Aeronautics and space agency astronauts do it.
By night: training astronauts will perform what tasks?
Frank: astronauts participating in the cave train, finally will be chosen to perform long-term task of the international space station, but they may also perform other tasks.
Rachel Dana: to date, the astronauts involved in the cave train, almost all are assigned to space missions. The cave task astronauts space flight is well prepared for a long time.
By night (app ID:fzwb_52165216): Chinese astronauts in training and performance?
Frank: this is the first time Chinese astronauts participate in the cave train. The training team is a great team, we were very good.
Rachel Dana: this team is terrific, they blend very well. They are a real team, like brothers and sisters to work together.
Chinese astronauts Ye Guangfu
Born in 1980, was born in China's Sichuan province. For air force pilots, flight instructors has four years experience, served as a jet fighter pilot, accumulating 1100 hour flight.
2010 Ye Guangfu is a Chinese astronaut Center recruiting trainers for astronauts in 2014, eligibility for the astronauts.
Responsible editor: Zhang Chenglei SN069
Article keywords:Astronaut cave air force
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Legal evening news
探秘中国第二批航天员欧洲参加洞穴训练(图)|航天员|洞穴|空军_新闻资讯
原标题：欧洲宇航局揭秘中国航天员如何洞穴训练
法制晚报讯（记者 黎史翔）28日，我国第二批男航天员叶光富正在意大利参加洞穴训练的消息吸引了广泛关注，这也是中国航天员首次参加该项目。法晚（微信公号ID：fzwb_52165216）记者在第一时间连线了组织洞穴训练项目的欧洲航天局专家，揭秘这一特殊训练到底是如何进行的。
“我们将六名宇航员送上400公里的高空，还会将他们送往位于意大利撒丁岛800米之下的岩洞。”近日，欧洲航天局组织的宇航员洞穴训练正式开始，拉开帷幕前，欧洲航天局如此介绍。
今年六人训练团队中，中国宇航员叶光富就是其中一员，这也是中国宇航员首次参加该洞穴训练项目。今晨，欧洲航天局欧洲宇航员中心主任弗兰克·徳维尼（Frank.De.Winne）和欧洲航天局洞穴训练设计师、训练任务主管蕾丹娜·贝森（Loredana Bessone）接受法晚（微信公号ID：fzwb_52165216）记者采访时表示，之所以进行这样的训练，主要是洞穴里黑暗和陌生的环境和太空有很多相似之处。
采访时，蕾丹娜告诉记者，几分钟后，她就要带领宇航员下洞穴进行训练。
根据安排，洞穴训练大约需要两周时间，24日抵达后开始为期一周的学习，掌握如何进行实验，以及运用牵绳等穿行地下洞穴，就如太空行走一样。7月1日，宇航员们将前往洞穴进行六晚训练。在那里，他们与日光隔绝，彼此依赖，像在国际空间站一样学习如何与地面进行联系并完成任务。
陌生洞穴
声音和自然光被剥夺 “飞檐走壁”如太空行走
法晚：宇航员为何要进行洞穴训练？
弗兰克：洞穴里黑暗和陌生的环境和太空有很多的相似之处。在深洞里，我们感官中所能感受到的很多声音和自然光被剥夺。洞穴训练中沿着洞穴壁行走的过程，与太空行走类似，洞穴探索者需要保持警觉，这正如在太空一样，无论是作为一个个体还是团体，都需要看情况做出重要的决定。
国际太空站的宇航员来自俄罗斯、欧洲、日本、美国等地，他们每人都有自己的工作背景，平时训练在地理上也是分散进行的，并不是总有这样的时间来了解彼此。因此，洞穴训练提供了这样一个机会，让他们相见，并学着在一些严峻条件下如何找到更好的合作点。
法晚（微信公号ID：fzwb_52165216）：这对团队合作很有帮助？
蕾丹娜：洞穴训练课程能够让宇航员安全有效地进行工作。国际团队在危险严峻环境中能够学习如何有效地进行沟通、如何做决定以及如何进行团队合作，此外，还可以锻炼领导能力并学会听从指挥。
法晚：洞穴环境训练和太空行走多大程度上相似？
弗兰克：在洞穴中移动，无论是水平移动中使用缆绳，还是垂直移动中使用攀爬设备，这一训练都需要持续的注意力、对工具的技能使用以及对设备的信任。地下洞穴行走之所以和太空行走相似，是因为它们都需要安全绳的帮助、3D定位、对危险区域保持清晰认识以及谨慎的规划和团队合作。
法晚：这样的环境特殊在哪？
蕾丹娜：在陌生的洞穴环境中行走，就像在不同的星球中行走一样。在黑暗中，没有植物和大型动物，洞穴对宇航员来说是一个陌生环境，有着很多我们不熟悉的不同的地理特性。
“高仿”训练
每天进行五项实验 宇航员洞中练定位
法晚：除了洞穴行走，还要进行哪些训练？
弗兰克：科学（训练内容）在洞穴训练课程中占据了主要部分。正如国际空间站中一样，在洞穴中的宇航员每天需要进行大约五项实验，这些实验都是由各领域科学家精心设计的。这些工作能够产生实质性的结果，最终将在出版的著作中呈现。
这其中涉及的科学工作包括获取地理和微生物样本，对洞穴进行绘图，拍摄照片，监控空气流动以及二氧化碳水平、温度和湿度，测量氡水平。此外，还包括对沉淀物、水、空气的取样。
蕾丹娜：除了训练如何去探索、监控和记录洞穴环境，还需要训练在技术活动中如何组织整个任务、如何与团队进行协作。我们有技术绳索和行进训练，训练成员如何去探索、去定位以及如何在洞穴中拍照、使用无线电通信系统。
法晚：宇航员面临哪些挑战和压力？
弗兰克：洞穴提供了一个陌生的环境，宇航员需要学着去自我意识（周围的环境），并与团队进行协作，此外还要习惯感官缺失、物理和心理压力以及多文化的环境。此外，还需要语言等新技能、对安全保持注意力等。
蕾丹娜：宇航员将面临在遥远区域参与科学探索所能遇到的所有困难，如在执行新任务时面临的挑战，在寻找路径时面临的难处以及如何与同事协助和按时完成任务。
法晚：为何挑选意大利撒丁岛的Sa Grutta洞穴？
弗兰克：首先洞穴训练应该是安全的，但是与此同时，要能够对宇航员构成挑战。安全最重要，但是实际环境也非常重要。此外，洞穴需要能够相对容易地与外界接近，以便为训练提供后勤支持。
蕾丹娜：这取决于你想要训练的内容。洞穴的选择是安全、技术需求、参与者能力的综合考量。很多洞穴为我们提供了选择，我们选取这样的洞穴是为了完成我们的目的。
挑选人员
由参与机构推荐 未来可能会被选派国际空间站
法晚：参加训练的宇航员是怎么挑选的？
弗兰克：宇航员是由参与机构推荐的。此次参与推荐的机构有美国国家航空航天局、俄罗斯联邦航天局、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构、欧洲航天局和中国载人航天工程办公室。
法晚：洞穴训练对宇航员来说是必修课程？
弗兰克：这并不是强制性的训练课程，每一名飞往国际空间站的组员需要经历“人类行为和表现训练”，洞穴训练是其一个项目。此外还有其他的一些训练项目，例如俄罗斯的生存训练项目。
洞穴训练关注领导能力、听从指挥、团队合作和政策决定上的多元文化探索。在课程结束以后，宇航员能够更好地理解他们在多文化团队中的职能以及掌握了什么技能、在哪些领域需要自我改进。
蕾丹娜：这虽然并不是必修课程，但是洞穴训练被宇航员认为是最好的课程之一，包括欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局等航空机构的宇航员都这么认为。
法晚：训练后宇航员将会执行什么任务？
弗兰克：参与洞穴训练的宇航员，最后将会被选派执行国际空间站的长期任务，但是他们可能还会执行其他任务。
蕾丹娜：至今为止，参与洞穴训练的宇航员，几乎都被指派执行太空飞行任务。这一洞穴任务能够为宇航员长时间的太空飞行做很好的准备。
法晚（微信公号ID：fzwb_52165216）：中国宇航员在训练中表现如何？
弗兰克：这是中国宇航员首次参加洞穴训练。整个训练小组是个伟大的团队，大家都表现得非常优秀。
蕾丹娜：这个团队棒极了，他们融合得非常好。他们是一支真正的国际团队，就像兄弟姐妹一样一起合作。
中国宇航员叶光富
1980年出生，生于中国四川省。为空军飞行员，有着四年飞行导师经历，曾担任喷气战斗机飞行员，累积飞行时长1100小时。
2010年叶光富被中国宇航员中心招募为宇航员训练员，2014年正式获得宇航员资格。
责任编辑：张承磊 SN069
文章关键词： 航天员 洞穴 空军
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