About 1 person per minute of sudden cardiac death in China first-aid system needs to be improved | | first aid _ of sudden cardiac death news

Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, July 1 (reporter)-a life in many regrets leaving. The night of June 29, 34, tianya, Deputy Editor of Jinbo Line 6 subway line in Beijing collapsed on the platform, then lost consciousness, bystanders rescue invalid unfortunately passed away.

Clinical death, into sudden cardiac death of acute cerebral vascular disease and contain non-sudden cardiac death. First-aid experts recorded by the video judge, Jinbo may be sudden cardiac death. This directly endangers human life, a big killer. In China, eventually rescuing patients less than 1%, far below the United States and other countries of the level, reflects the professional first aid system needs to be improved.

　　Dangerous emergency: about 1 per minute "sudden cardiac death"

Sudden cardiac arrest is often the direct cause of sudden cardiac death, refers to the heartbeat suddenly stopped due to various reasons, momentary loss of pump function of the heart, cause all tissues and organs led by brain blood supply cut off, enter the clinical death. Once inside the biological death is brain death, irreparable.

"Cardiac arrest emergency and sinister, mostly seen in adults. "The Beijing first aid center senior expert Jia Dacheng said.

National Centre for cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease in China released by 2014, according to the report: the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in China at the rising stage. At present, the incidence of sudden cardiac death in China more than 540,000 annually, equivalent to about 1 person per minute of sudden cardiac death.

"Seemingly healthy people, is at risk of sudden death. "Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Cardiology Director Wang jingfeng, Secretary of the introduction, cardiac arrest can occur at any time, anywhere, anybody--even seemingly healthy people.

Experts, led to many causes for cardiac arrest, which is a serious type of coronary heart disease with acute myocardial infarction, which is the first cause of death, accounting for 80% per cent of the total number of cardiac arrest. Other than the family history of heart disease, some marathoners running in the sudden death, largely due to cardiac arrest. One of the most common situations are divided into instant increase in oxygen and lithium-ion concentrations drop.

Relevant statistics show that emergency such as sudden death occurred about 70% at home and 25% on other occasions, only 5% occur in hospitals. Sudden death in patients outside the hospital in various occasions, died within 15 minutes after the onset of 65%, 35% died from 15 minutes to 2 hours after onset.

"Due to the general lack of sudden knowledge of first aid and basic skills, extremely low survival rate of sudden cardiac death, was able to salvage from the patient is less than 1%. Most people didn't have to wait to the hospital have died. "Jia Dacheng said.

　"Gold in four minutes": a shortage of first-aid equipment in public places, who knew first aid less

Emergency treatment of sudden death, time is of the essence. The industry has been "four Golden minutes" is, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and critical period of defibrillation within 4 minutes of cardiac arrest.

"Sudden death incidents, and major cities in China, the average arrival time of ambulances is 10 minutes. If no breathing, no pulse, brain can only last for 4 minutes of oxygen in the blood, which is the key to saving lives. "The second people's Hospital of Guangdong Province Tian Junzhang introduction, if you can't recover the heart to beat so fresh blood to the brain, the human brain cells will die. Every delay of 1 minute, brain cell death increases by 7%-10%. Greater than 4-6 minutes of cardiac arrest, can irreversibly damage of brain tissue; more than 10 minutes, brain death.

Second people's Hospital of Guangdong province had organized jointly with the high school affiliated to Guangzhou University "first aid in school". Tian Junzhang said: "If someone can make simple first aid techniques, self-help aid at the accident scene, before the arrival of medical professionals fighting for the prime time to save lives, the maximum possible in saving lives. ”

Professional analysis, video taken from the Beijing Subway, Jinbo fell to the ground immediately after people stepped forward to help, should be encouraged. If the Save way more professional, for example, can have automated external defibrillators (AED), and are used, with the chance of rescue will be even greater. In addition, although a number of staff on site, but was not directly involved in the rescue, communications, for help.

AED first aid equipment of shortages or not use "idle", sudden death is ultimately an important reason that cannot be rescued.

"Rescue of sudden death is the most effective method of electric shock defibrillation. Jinbo sudden scene if any AED, may be another outcome. "Jia Dacheng said," as far as I know, some crowded public places, although equipped with AED, but many devices, there is little used. "Jia Dacheng said.

　"Sudden death" of survival: emergency professional system need to be established

How to "four Golden minute" rapid ambulance, first aid professional is the test of the entire system. Jia Dacheng and other experts believe, perfect the emergency system are shared responsibilities and obligations of the members of the Government and the whole community.

--Popularize cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.

Many first-aid experts called for universal first aid education in the whole society, especially in high-risk industries, service trades, one should include first aid skills as one of the professional skills, all types of schools at all levels should include first aid education as compulsory.

"1-2 personal call to each household to learn first aid. 70% sudden death in the family. On other occasions can also save lives. "Jia Dacheng said that CPR is not difficult to learn, first of all to determine whether the patients ' consciousness and breathing. If only one rescuer should immediately shouted, seek others dialed the emergency number 120, and achieve AED as soon as possible. Drowning, trauma, drug poisoning, as well as children under 8 years of age, 5 cycles of CPR by hand (about 2 minutes), then dialed the emergency number for help. Sudden cardiac arrest, press is the most important. Midpoint of the pressed position in the middle of the breast, nipple connection, 100 to 120 beats per minute, a depth of 5 to 6CM, allowing rib cage to fully rebound.

--AED equipment.

Jia Dacheng and other experts call for subways, train stations, stadiums, commercial districts and other crowded places, as well as police cars, fire engines fitted with AED. "Prices of AED 2 to 60,000 yuan per unit. If companies are willing to contribute, marked with the company LOGO, image advertising is worth it. ”

--Sudden death in high-risk groups should receive treatment as early as possible.

Introduce Wang jingfeng, arrhythmia is the strongest risk factors for sudden cardiac death. According to statistics, 88% of sudden cardiac death caused by an arrhythmia.

"Don't know, don't pay attention to, not treatment, is the arrhythmia prevention, diagnosis and treatment of main problems in our country. Public awareness of this common disease severe cardiac arrhythmias is low, control and treatment rates are lower. Universal public education, strengthen diagnosis, prevention, and promotion of advanced therapies, it is urgent and imperative. "Wang jingfeng said.

Responsible editor: Kun Qu SN117

Article keywords:
Sudden cardiac death first aid

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中国每分钟约1人心脏性猝死 急救体系亟待完善|心脏性猝死|急救_新闻资讯

　　新华社广州7月1日电（记者肖思思）又一个生命在众人的惋惜中离去。6月29日晚，34岁的天涯社区副主编金波在北京地铁6号线站台上突然晕倒，随后失去意识，经路人抢救无效不幸离世。

　　临床猝死，分为心脏性猝死和包含急性脑血管病的非心脏性猝死。急救专家根据视频记录初步判断，金波可能为心脏性猝死。这是直接危及人类生命的一大杀手。在我国，最终抢救过来的患者不足1%，远低于美国等国家的水平，折射出专业急救体系亟待完善。

　　凶险的急症：我国每分钟约1人“心脏性猝死”

　　心脏骤停，常是心脏性猝死的直接原因，指由于各种原因引起的心脏搏动突然停止，瞬间心脏的泵血功能丧失，导致以脑为首的所有组织器官血供完全中断，进入临床死亡。一旦进入生物学死亡即脑死亡，则无可挽救。

　　“心脏骤停紧急而凶险，大多见于成年人。”北京急救中心资深急救专家贾大成说。

　　国家心血管病中心发布的《中国心血管病报告2014》显示：我国心血管病患病率处于持续上升阶段。目前，每年我国心脏性猝死发病人数超过54万，相当于每分钟约有1人发生心脏性猝死。

　　“看似健康人群，也有猝死的风险。”中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院党委书记、心内科主任王景峰教授介绍，心脏骤停可以发生在任何时候、任何地点、任何人——甚至看似健康的人。

　　专家介绍，导致心脏骤停的原因很多，其中急性心肌梗死是冠心病的严重类型，是导致猝死的第一原因，约占心脏骤停总数的80%以上。除了家庭病史和心脏疾病之外，一些马拉松选手在跑步中的猝死，大多由于心脏骤停。其中最普遍的情况，又分为耗氧量的瞬间增加与锂离子浓度的骤降。

　　相关统计显示，猝死等急症约70%发生在家中，25%发生在其他场合，仅有5%发生在医院内。猝死在医院以外各种场合的病人，65%死于发病后15分钟内，35%死于发病后15分钟至2小时。

　　“由于民众普遍缺乏猝死急救知识和基本技能，心脏性猝死的抢救成功率极低，能够抢救过来的患者不足1%。大多数人没等送到医院就已经死亡。”贾大成说。

　　“黄金四分钟”：公共场所急救设备紧缺，懂急救者少

　　对猝死的急救，时间就是生命。业内一直有“黄金四分钟”的说法，指心肺复苏和除颤的关键时期在心脏骤停之后的4分钟内。

　　“猝死事件时有发生，而我国各大城市，救护车的平均到达时间为10分钟。人一旦无呼吸、无脉搏，大脑血液里的氧气只能维持4分钟，这是挽救生命关键时刻。”广东省第二人民医院院长田军章介绍，如果不能及时恢复心脏跳动，使新鲜血液输送到大脑，人的脑细胞就会死亡。每拖延1分钟，脑细胞死亡率就增加7%—10%。心脏骤停大于4到6分钟，脑组织会发生不可逆的损害；大于10分钟，将脑死亡。

　　广东省第二人民医院曾与广州大学附属中学联合举办“急救知识进校园”活动。田军章介绍说：“如果现场有人能懂得简单的急救技能，就能在意外发生的现场及时开展自救互救，在专业医护人员到来前争取抢救生命的黄金时间，最大可能地挽救生命。”

　　专业人士分析，从北京地铁里拍摄的视频可见，金波倒地后即刻有人上前救助，值得鼓励。如果救助的方式更加专业，比如，现场能有自动体外除颤器（AED），并且有人会使用，患者获救的机会会更大。此外，现场虽有多个地铁工作人员，但并没有直接参与施救，只是沟通、呼救。

　　AED急救设备的紧缺，或因不会使用而“闲置”，是令猝死者最终无法获救的一个重要原因。

　　“抢救猝死最有效的方法是电击除颤。金波发生猝死的现场如果有AED，或许会是另一种结果。”贾大成说，“据我了解，一些人员密集的公共场所，虽然配备了AED，但很多成为摆设，很少有使用过。”贾大成说。

　　给“猝死”一线生机：急救专业体系亟待建立

　　如何在“黄金四分钟”内迅速展开救护，考验的是整个急救专业体系。贾大成等专家认为，急救系统的完善，是政府和全体社会成员的共同责任和义务。

　　——普及心肺复苏。

　　多位急救专家呼吁，在全社会普及急救教育，尤其高危行业、服务行业，应把急救技能列为职业技能之一，各类各级学校应把急救教育列为必修课。

　　“呼吁每个家庭1-2个人学会急救。因为70%猝死发生在家庭。在其他场合同样能够救人。”贾大成说，心肺复苏并不难学，首先要判断患者意识和呼吸是否存在。如果现场只有一名抢救者，应立即高声呼救，寻求旁人拨打急救电话120，并尽快取得AED。对溺水、创伤、药物中毒以及8岁以下儿童，先徒手心肺复苏5个循环（约2分钟）后，再打急救电话求救。对突发心脏骤停，按压是最重要的。按压位置在胸部正中、乳头连线中点，每分钟100至120次，深度5至6CM，让胸廓充分回弹。

　　——配备AED设备。

　　贾大成等专家呼吁，为地铁、火车站、体育场馆、商业街区等人群密集的场所，以及警车、消防车配备AED。“每台AED的价格2到6万元。如果有企业愿意捐助，打上该企业LOGO，这样的形象广告很值得。”

　　——猝死高危人群应及早接受治疗。

　　王景峰介绍，心律失常是心脏猝死最大危险因素。据统计，心脏性猝死88%由心律失常导致。

　　“不认识、不重视、不治疗，是我国现阶段心律失常预防和诊治的主要问题。公众对心律失常这一常见疾病的知晓率严重低下，控制率和治疗率更低。普及公众教育、加强诊断预防、推广先进疗法，迫在眉睫、势在必行。”王景峰说。

责任编辑：瞿崑 SN117

文章关键词：
心脏性猝死 急救

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