Waste village phenomenon is serious in Yangtze River Valley streams, rivers become sewers | rubbish village _ news

Reporters recently deep basin of the Yangtze River's middle and lower reaches of the Xiang, Qing, Yu expensive places such as Anhui rural investigation learned that farmers huge changes in lifestyle and constantly improve the level of consumption, rural life has become an important source of pollution of pollution. Meanwhile, pollution control in rural areas relatively weak infrastructure, management systems, "short Board" also led to increasingly large gap between urban and rural ecological environment. Many experts and officials interviewed suggested that treating pollution in the Yangtze River basin should take the lead in advancing the lives, to build ecological civilization in rural areas.

This reporter has learned, many provinces in the Yangtze River basin since the beginning of 2010 to implement continuous improvement of rural environment demonstration projects to date covering the whole, national and local have invested a lot of money, pollution control in rural areas "are in progress."

In an interview, the reporter saw some "junk by wind, water by evaporation" still exists to varying degrees.

A riverside towns in middle reaches of the Yangtze River, a village doctor described to reporters, if there is no wind, village stench when closing the window is useless. Came to the village clinic for medical treatment two villagers told reporters that even the water undrinkable water drawn up near the village. Was home washing clothes at the door of a villager told reporters that when it rains, suffused with bubbles can often be seen on the ground water flows down the street, so the days they "have to get used to."

Located in kaili city, qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture, Guizhou province, near the railway station at tunnel Hill, has become the local residents "running dumps", all kinds of plastic bags, rotten, waste paper and other garbage has piled up a hill, the smell coming. Wu Liqiang residents told reporters: "looking for a place to trash, only here, the weather is getting hot, no one to deal with, this soil is eroded. ”

In some parts of the fragile ecological environment of upper reaches of Yangtze River, small market towns and villages along the river outlets in recent years, more and more, some aqua privies were built on the river. Turning domestic sewage bubbling with garbage and even feces into streams and rivers became a "sewer". Run garbage attracting flies buzzing, and free-range pigs, cattle and sheep in which grubbing.

Some local cadres in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River reluctantly told reporters, as the summer travel season, riding, trekking, self-drive tour people will flock. By then, roadsides, fields of plastic bags, bottles and other garbage is parallel with the road distribution, sanitation is even worse.

According to statistics from the Ministry of environmental protection, rural China annually produces more than 9 billion tons of domestic sewage and 280 million tons of solid waste, many indiscriminate discharge without effective treatment.

Expert analysis, resulting in "waste village" "sewers" there are two main reasons:

First, the comprehensive control of the rural environment investment, work slowly. According to the JIU San society in Guizhou Provincial statistics, is currently in the town (village) garbage disposal follow the "transit village collection, town and County" principle, but geography, transportation and other conditions of the objective difficulties of governance. Even where villagers live together, some wastewater treatment plants, cost nearly 1 million yuan each, but the beneficiary population is only about 100 families.

Three agricultural University in the Yangtze River provinces of Hunan, by 2015 in xiangjiang River basin town sewage treatment rate is only more than 30%, sewage and rainwater drains up to 991, formed basically in a State of natural emissions. In this case, relatively common in the Yangtze River Valley.

Changsha County, Hunan Province Environmental Protection Agency introduced Yang Xiping, Changsha County has a population of 400,000 or 500,000 agriculture, the Government has invested more than 80 million rural garbage disposal, this is largely used for pipe network construction and maintenance, but also to the market to buy services. "On one hand, basic network investment, high cost of maintenance. Government procurement of services, a company in the wastewater treatment project of huanghua town for 30 years, sewage Government subsidies 0.9 Yuan per ton. The other hand, the high operating costs of sewage treatment enterprises, have a certain strength of enterprises through large-scale operations in order to undertake the task. Changsha County, 18 sewage treatment plants, construction costs alone took 125 million Yuan. This burden, Changsha County, as the ' first County Central ' delight. ”

Secondly, rural life and local government indifference to pollution prevention and control of the masses.

"In the countryside, most people don't realize ecological civilization construction is closely related to their life and development. We work closely with life green actions not participate actively, voluntarily fulfil their responsibilities and obligations. "Chongqing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said a cadre, and corresponding, but some place in the management of ecological environment," stresses cities instead of rural ", urban and rural ecological environmental protection and construction of ecological civilization gap appears to be widening.

Interviewed experts and grass-roots cadres believe that pollution problems of rural life has long been one of the most important expression of ecological civilization construction in urban and rural areas are not synchronized. Recommendations will be considered urban and rural areas, to pollution control in rural areas as an opportunity, from the following aspects in the lead in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the urban and rural areas, especially those living in the Yangtze River basin development of pollution prevention.

First, promote the rural characteristics of the waste. "Rural waste reduction by open burning, by simple landfill, pollution, and some local domestic waste sorting select Terminal rather than a source, expensive, results are not good. In rural areas, garbage is important. "The national people's Congress representatives, shimen County, changde city, Hunan province, Deputy Secretary for housing and urban-rural construction of Dai Hairong said.

Dai Hairong introduction, shimen, Hunan province, Hu Ping Shan Zhen in the pilot process, focusing on distribution of crack under the rural resources, establish more detailed waste separation and recovery system, has achieved a certain effect. "From pilot explore, only to mobilize the masses their own launch, recovery system market operation can solve the cost problem, therefore, enter into the heart of public education so that more rural people to establish environment building and sense of accountability for all, is the ultimate way to urban and rural ecological civilization construction. ”

Second, to establish clear responsibilities and project run funding secured, monitored use of rural environmental protection mechanism.

Director of Qinghai provincial environmental protection Bureau said Yang Rukun, sewage treatment facilities, difficult, and the high cost of operation, so in advance of the project should be abandoned in the future projects in the past, "one size fits all" deliberate pursuit of full coverage of misconceptions of sewage treatment facilities, construction should focus on farmers and herdsmen live a relatively dense, large water or sewage which have an impact on the water.

There are also grass-roots Government departments is recommended, as soon as possible from the introduction of rural environmental protection facilities operation management at the national level, on the premise of security personnel and funds to further strengthen Township government's main responsibilities in the protection of the rural environment, establishing rural environmental assessment mechanism. Meanwhile, grassroots environmental regulation, enforcement should be expanded, rural environmental protection "laws, money, some pipe", so that existing environmental protection facilities to play an effective role.

Third is to guide farmers ' autonomous form social mobilization mechanism for pollution treatment. Changsha County Environmental Protection Bureau Director Yang Xiping believes that rural life pollution control, relies entirely on government spending were not enough, should also guide the community to participate actively.

"Rural primary school boys clean operations supervisor, old post as environmental protection, rich farmers donated environmental protection investment and farmers than between the beautiful, clean and environmental protection around the world, form a Government and society to build ecological civilization in the rural situation, living in rural areas can receive long-term pollution prevention and control. "Changsha" two types of society "construction of comprehensive reform said Peng Jianxi, the Director of the Office.

(This version of the manuscript addition to signatures, are composed of journalists Su Xiaozhou, Wang Daqian, Zhou Mian, Zhou kai, Qin Huajiang, Li Qian Yu, and Yang Dingmiao, and Wang Xian interviews)

Responsible editor: Qiao Leihua SN098

Article keywords:
Garbage village

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长江流域垃圾围村现象严重 溪流河道变下水道|垃圾围村_新闻资讯

　　记者近日深入长江流域上中下游的湘青渝贵皖等地基层农村调研了解到，由于农民生活方式的巨大改变和消费水平不断提高，农村生活污染已经成为当前全流域污染的重要来源。与此同时，农村治污基础设施、管理制度相对薄弱的“短板”也正导致城乡生态环境差距日渐拉大。很多受访专家和干部建议，在长江流域要率先推进城乡生活污染同治，全力构建农村生态文明。

　　记者了解到，长江流域很多省份自2010年开始实施农村环境连片整治示范项目到目前基本实现全覆盖，国家、地方都投入了大量资金，农村生活污染治理“正在进行时”。

　　在采访中，记者看到一些地方“垃圾靠风刮、污水靠蒸发”状况依然不同程度地存在。

　　长江中游一个滨江乡镇的一名村医向记者介绍，如果没有刮风，村子里面恶臭味严重时，关上窗户也没有用。前来村医务室就医两名村民告诉记者，就连村子附近水井打上来的地下水也不能饮用。而正在自己家门口洗衣服的一名村民则告诉记者，下雨时候，地面上经常可以看到泛着泡沫的污水顺着街道往下流，这样的日子他们 “不得不习惯”。

　　位于贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州凯里市火车站附近一处隧道口的山坡，已成为当地居民的“天然垃圾场”，各种塑料袋、烂菜叶、废纸箱等垃圾已经堆成了一座小山，臭味扑面而来。居民吴利强告诉记者：“找不到地方倒垃圾，只有往这里堆，天气渐渐热了，再没人来处理，这块土壤都要被腐蚀了。”

　　在生态环境十分脆弱的长江上游一些地方，小集镇、村庄沿河排污口近年来越来越多，有的旱厕就建在河边。汩汩冒泡的生活污水夹带着垃圾甚至粪便直冲下去，溪流与河道成了“下水道”。垃圾引来苍蝇嗡嗡乱窜，还有散养的猪牛羊在其间乱拱。

　　长江上游一些地方干部无奈地对记者说，随着盛夏旅游旺季到来，骑行、徒步、自驾游人士将蜂拥而至。届时，路边、野地塑料袋、饮料瓶等生活垃圾与公路呈平行带状分布，环境卫生状况更糟糕。

　　据环保部统计，我国农村每年产生的90多亿吨的生活污水和2.8亿吨的生活垃圾，很多没有经过有效处理就随意排放。

　　专家分析，造成“垃圾围村”“污水横流”的原因主要有两个：

　　首先，农村环境综合治理投入大，见效慢。据九三学社贵州省委统计，目前在乡镇（村）垃圾处置遵循“村收集、镇转运、县处理”的原则，但地理、交通等条件造成治理的客观困难。即使在村民集中居住的地方，一些污水处理厂，造价近100万元一个，但受益人口只有100户左右。

　　在长江流域三农大省湖南，到2015年湘江流域建制镇的污水处理率只有三成多一点，雨污混流的排水口多达991个，建制村基本处于自然排放状态。这种情况，在长江流域比较普遍。

　　湖南省长沙县环保局局长杨喜平介绍，长沙县有四、五十万农业人口，政府对农村垃圾处理已经投入8000多万，这些钱主要用来做管网建设和维护，同时也向市 场购买服务。“一方面，基础管网投资大，维护成本高。目前政府购买服务的一家企业在黄花镇做为期30年的污水处理项目，每吨污水政府补贴0.9元。另一方 面，污水处理企业运行成本也高，有一定实力的企业通过规模化运营才能担起重任。长沙县有18个污水处理厂，仅建设成本就花了1.25亿元。这种负担，长沙 县作为‘中部第一县’都感到吃力。”

　　其次，群众和地方政府农村生活污染防治观念淡薄。

　　“在农村，大部分群众没有意识到生态文明建设与自身的生活和发展密切相关。大家对与自己生活密切的环保行为不能积极参与，主动履行责任和义务。”重庆市环 保局一位干部说，而与此相对应的，却是一些地方在生态环境治理中“重城市、轻农村”，城乡生态环境保护和生态文明建设出现差距不断被拉大。

　　受访专家和基层干部认为，农村生活污染问题是长期以来城乡生态文明建设不同步的重要表现之一。建议将城市与农村统筹考虑，以农村生活污染治理为契机，从如下层面在长江流域率先推进城乡生态文明建设特别是生活污染防治同步发展。

　　一是推进有农村特色的垃圾分类。“目前农村垃圾的减量靠露天焚烧，处理靠简易填埋，都会造成环境污染，还有一些地方生活垃圾分类选择终端分而不是源头分， 代价昂贵，效果也不好。对农村来说，垃圾分类很重要。”全国人大代表、湖南省常德市石门县住房城乡建设局副局长戴海蓉说。

　　戴海蓉介绍，湖南省石门县壶瓶山镇在试点过程中，着重破解根据农村资源分布的特征，建立更为细致的垃圾分类回收体系，目前已取得一定效果。“从试点探索来 看，只有发动群众自主投放，回收体系市场化运作才能解决成本问题，因此，通过入脑入心的宣传教育让更多农村群众树立起环境共建、人人有责的担当意识，才是 城乡生态文明共建的根本之道。”

　　其次，要建立起责任明晰、项目运行经费有保障、监管有力的农村环保长效机制。

　　青海省环保厅厅长杨汝坤说，生活污水处理设施投入大、运行难、费用高，所以今后在项目推进中应放弃过去项目“一刀切”刻意追求污水处理设施全覆盖错误观念，建设重点应放在农牧民居住较为密集、用水规模较大或是生活污水对水体有影响的地方。

　　还有一些基层政府部门工作人员则建议，要尽快从国家层面出台农村环境保护设施运行管理办法，在保障人员和经费的前提下，进一步强化乡镇政府在保护农村环境 中的主体责任，建立起农村环保考核机制。同时，应扩大基层环保监管、执法队伍，让农村环保“有法可依、有钱可用、有人可管”，使已有的环保设施发挥有效作 用。

　　三是引导农民自治形成生活污染治理社会动员机制。长沙县环保局局长杨喜平认为，推进农村生活污染治理，光靠政府投入还不够，还应引导社会积极参与。

　　“农村小学生担任整洁行动监督人，老年人担任义务环保员，富裕农民捐资当环保投资人，农户之间比优美、比整洁、比环保蔚然成风，形成政府与社会共建农村生态文明的局面，农村生活污染防治才能真正收到长效。”长沙市“两型社会”建设综合配套改革办公室主任彭鉴西说。

　　（本版稿件除署名外，均由记者苏晓洲、王大千、周勉、周凯、秦华江、李黔渝、杨丁淼、王贤采写）

责任编辑：乔雷华 SN098

文章关键词：
垃圾围村

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