The completion of the first project in the world today, China | _ FAST| telescope news
Original title: completion of the construction work of the world today!
Hosted by the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pingtang in Guizhou province 500 meters for the construction of the world's largest single-aperture spherical telescope (abbreviated as FAST) main project is nearing completion, and finally a reflector unit today, lifting.
FAST by receiving cosmic radio signal science observation, the reflector unit is an important part. A size of 30 football fields "sky eye" after more than 20 years of design and construction, finally unveiled.
FAST will greatly enhance our capacity to space exploration first pulsar
According to the construction plan, FAST in September 2016 will be completed and put into use initially, first applied science research is to find and study pulsars in the universe. Experts, Pulsar Astrophysics Laboratory, you can study some special Astrophysical phenomena and evolution of the universe. If binary systems consisting of pulsars and black holes, scientists pulsars can be used to study a black hole spacetime. In addition, the pulsar is also a very accurate clock, is vital for deep space exploration.
In fact, pulsars, quasars, interstellar organic molecules and other important astronomical discoveries are associated with radio telescopes. Clear 10 based on astronomical observations in the history of the Nobel Prize, 6 from radio telescopes. In addition, the 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope is built, space measurement and control ability by the orbit of the moon can be extended to the edge of the solar system, will provide important basis for Mars and other deep space research.
Read the people likely to be curious of the three-body, this super telescope are as described in the novel, the help search for extraterrestrial civilizations as early as possible? Scientists say that although FAST does not signal there may be a higher intelligent life in the universe, but it's super human ability to search for extraterrestrial civilizations sensitivity can be raised to an unprecedented level.
FAST radio telescope exactly how cows?
Unique skills: large-diameter see far
Most important parameter is the sensitivity of radio telescopes. Sensitivity is higher, stronger telescopes to detect weak radio capacity. In order to increase sensitivity, needs to expand the radio telescope's diameter. FAST Aperture has reached the world's highest--500 meters. In theory, FAST receives electromagnetic signals of 13.7 billion light-years, the distance is close to the edge of the universe.
400 years ago, the first of only 4.2 cm diameter telescope, FAST aperture is the 12,000 times. Known as "big machine" Germany Bonn, compared to 100-meter telescope, sensitivity increased about 10 times FAST times and was named the top 20th century works of mankind's first United States o Lei Xibo compared to the 300-metre telescope, increase its performance by about 2.25 times. As the world's largest single-aperture telescope, and FAST for the next 20-30 years of world class equipment became family head of the telescope.
China, the world's first completed today, thanks to the completion of the stunt two: eye of flexible
According to the principle of FAST, when it is to observe celestial bodies, along with the change of location of heavenly bodies, spherical cap of 500 m of active reflector forming a diameter of 300 meters in real time on the transient paraboloid, and through the 300-meter parabolic surfaces together to electromagnetic waves.
Figuratively, if FAST an enormous eye, this giant eye eyeball diameter of 500 meters, and receives light eyes just 300 meters in diameter. FAST is to be gathered on this huge flexibility of the eyeball electromagnetic waves, observation of deep space.
China, the world's first completed today, thanks to the completion of the stunt three mm accuracy
FAST design goals, is a signal covering 30 football fields, gathered at the pill the size of space, otherwise, you cannot listen to the faint radio signals in the universe. Structure of the 500 meters, is covered with hair-like millimeter-scale accuracy. Woven cable network over more than 7,000 arms like the thickness of a steel cable, each are contained within a millimeter of Machining accuracy; precision of the final 500-meter antenna is three millimeters, a small panel of manufacturing accuracy is 1.5 mm.
The world today thanks to the completion of the first stunt four: deep space Hunter
First of all, FAST to rush out of the milky way, looking for stars, especially the rapid rotation, high density, pulsar, found in FAST expects first year 50-80 extragalactic pulsar. FAST may be observed early traces of the universe – the neutral hydrogen cloud movement, master the details of the interactions between galaxies, revealing the origin and evolution of the universe. Similar reason, FAST but also listening to some unique electromagnetic waves of light organic molecules in space, search for possible interplanetary communication signals and extraterrestrial life. The search for extraterrestrial life is all about one of the telescope's mission and focus of science fiction enthusiasts, exploring the universe interested in deep space, huge and clever FAST has been poised, wonders and surprises just around the corner.
View eye-the telescope's past and present
Eye telescope is a view of a day, help us to observing the stars, exploring the mysteries of the world.
Advent first telescope 400 years ago
400 years ago, the first telescope in Europe, this is the beginning of the history of astronomy. The telescope is 4.2 cm in diameter and about 1.2 meters long, condenser capacity can reach about 100 times to the naked eye. Using this optical telescope, Galileo observed that the Moon craters, such as sunspots, moons of Jupiter, a series of important discoveries and opened the window of human understanding and exploration of the universe.
In the past more than 400 years, the rapid development of the manufacturing technology of the telescope, optical lens diameter maximum has reached 10 meters, and tens of thousands of times larger than the world's first telescope, set light as the diameter increases, can detect far more darker objects. In 1990, the United States launched into space the Hubble Space Telescope, to help people face into the galaxies of the universe for the first time, leading the forefront of Astrophysics.
Development of radio technology radio telescopes stand out
After the second world war, with the advances in radio technology, radio telescopes stand out. 1963 United States Puerto Rico 305 m in diameter radio telescope was built along the slope is fixed on the Earth's surface, is currently the world's largest single-aperture radio telescope. 1962 world built the first Aperture synthesis radio telescope array, combine multiple small telescopes to obtain the equivalent set of large aperture antenna light, is a major event in the history of the telescope, the inventor of the technology won the Nobel Prize in 1974.
Radio astronomy in China started relatively late, after nearly half a century of development, already in the accurate determination of lunar exploration satellite plays an important role in the rail. Now, the construction of large telescopes is also changing. 2012 Shanghai into a 65-meter-diameter radio telescope, comprehensive performance is the highest in the world. In 2011, 500 meters of the world's largest diameter spherical radio telescope in Guizhou started, is expected to be completed in September this year and put into use, will be the most sensitive eye view day.
Counting the world's leading telescopes
United States o Lei Xibo telescopes (ARECIBO)
United States o Lei Xibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico a natural volcanic crater on the island, has been built in the world, the largest single-aperture spherical radio telescope. Reflector diameter of 350 meters. Puerto Rico island located near the equator, this location for tracking and observing planets, pulsars and other celestial bodies, is ideal.
Atacama large millimeter array (ALMA)
Atacama large millimeter wave array in Chile Cha Nan tray plateau in the North, by 64 12-meter caliber radio antennae, are research institutes in several countries to build large radio telescope array. More than 5,000 meters above sea level, is the climate one of the driest regions on Earth, very suitable for millimeter-wave astronomy.
Australia square kilometre array radio telescope
Australia square kilometre array radio telescope (ASKAP) is located in Australia's Murchison region, made up of 36 dishes, each antenna has a diameter of 12 meters, the telescope array, cost 65 million pounds. No other radio signal interference in the region, clearly received a signal from the universe.
Shanghai Sheshan, China 65-meter-diameter radio telescope
Shanghai Sheshan, China 65-meter-diameter radio telescope, is the moment that Asia's largest radio telescope, its primary reflector surface area of 3780 sq, comprehensive for first in Asia and fourth in the world. Objects other than it is observed more than 10 billion light years away, Chang in China lunar exploration project, Mars and other deep space exploration of the important task has its shadow.
The Hubble Space Telescope
Although radio telescope is developing more and more rapidly, but the optical telescope is still irreplaceable. Is the first space telescope Hubble in 1990 by the United States space shuttle into space, orbiting at 28,000 kilometers an hour. The Hubble telescope is 13.3 meters long, 4.3 meters in diameter, clarity is a ground telescope more than 10 times. As one of the most important instruments in the history of astronomy, the Hubble Telescope has been the detection of black holes, dark matter and stellar evolution has played a major role.
Guo shoujing telescope (LAMOST)
In ground telescopes, gets most of the spectrum is our own design built by Guo shoujing telescope (LAMOST). The telescope is located at the Xinglong station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Observatory, built in 2008. Using multiple lenses mosaics in the international initiative to regulate for the first time, can get 4,000 celestial spectra, our spectrum surveys went out to the world of technology.
Responsible editor: Zheng Hanxing
Article keywords:FAST telescope
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中国这个世界第一的工程今天竣工|FAST|望远镜_新闻资讯
原标题：中国这个世界第一的工程今天竣工！
由中科院国家天文台主持，正在贵州平塘建设的500米世界最大单口径球面望远镜（英文简称FAST）主体工程即将完工，最后一块反射面单元今天将完成吊装。
FAST通过接收宇宙天体的射电信号完成科学任务观测，反射面单元是其重要组成部分。一个30个足球场大小的“观天巨眼”经历二十余年的设计、施工，最终揭开神秘面纱。
FAST将大大提升我国空间探测能力 首先寻找脉冲星
根据建设规划，FAST将在2016年9月全部建成并初步投入使用，首个应用科学研究是寻找和研究宇宙中的脉冲星。专家介绍，脉冲星就像天体物理实验室，可以研究一些特殊天体物理和宇宙演化现象。如果发现脉冲星与黑洞组成的双星系统，科学家可以利用脉冲星去研究黑洞周围时空。此外，脉冲星也是非常精准的时钟，对于深空探测具有重要意义。
事实上，脉冲星、类星体、星际有机分子等重要天文发现都与射电望远镜有关。诺贝尔奖历史上明确基于天文观测的10项获奖成果中，有6项出自射电望远镜。此外，500米口径球面射电望远镜的建成使用，可以将我国空间测控能力由月球同步轨道延伸到太阳系边缘，将为我国火星探测等深空研究奠定重要基础。
看过《三体》的人可能都会好奇，这个超级望远镜是否能像小说中所描述的那样，帮助人类尽早地搜寻到地外文明？科学家表示，虽然FAST并不能发射信号给宇宙中或许存在的高等智慧生物，但是它超强的灵敏度却可以将人类搜寻外星文明能力提升到前所未有的高度。
FAST射电望远镜到底有多牛？
独门绝技一：大口径 看得远
射电望远镜最重要的指标参数就是灵敏度。灵敏度越高，望远镜探测微弱无线电的能力越强。而要想提高灵敏度，就需要扩大射电望远镜的口径。FAST的口径达到了世界之最——500米。理论上说，FAST能接收到137亿光年以外的电磁信号，这个距离接近于宇宙的边缘。
400年前人类第一架天文望远镜的口径仅有4.2厘米，FAST的口径是它的12000倍。与号称“地面最大的机器”的德国波恩100米望远镜相比，FAST的灵敏度提高约10倍；与被评为人类20世纪十大工程之首的美国阿雷西博300米望远镜相比，其综合性能提高约2.25倍。作为世界最大的单口径望远镜，FAST将在未来20-30年保持世界一流设备的地位，成为望远镜家族的掌门人。
中国这个世界第一的工程今天竣工独门绝技二：灵活自如的巨眼
根据FAST的工作原理，当它观测天体时，会随着天体的方位变化，在其500米的球冠状主动反射面上实时形成一个300米直径的瞬时抛物面，并通过这个300米的抛物面来汇聚电磁波。
形象地来说，如果把FAST比作一只巨大的眼睛，那么这只巨眼的眼球直径就有500米，而负责接收光线的眼珠直径就有300米。FAST就是靠这个巨大灵活的眼珠来汇聚电磁波、观测深空。
中国这个世界第一的工程今天竣工独门绝技三：毫米精度
FAST的设计目标，是把覆盖30个足球场的信号，聚集在药片大小的空间里，否则，就无法监听到宇宙中微弱的射电信号。500米的结构，处处都是头发丝般毫米级的精度要求。用来编织索网的7000多根手臂般粗细的钢缆，每一根的加工精度都被控制在一毫米以内；最终的500米口径的天线精度是三个毫米，每一块小面板的制造精度是1.5个毫米。
中国这个世界第一的工程今天竣工独门绝技四：深空猎手
首先，FAST能够冲出银河系，寻找新星，特别是快速旋转、密度极高的脉冲星，FAST期望第一年就找到50-80颗银河系外的脉冲星。FAST还可能观察到早期宇宙的蛛丝马迹——中性氢云团的运动，掌握星系之间互动的细节，揭秘宇宙的起源和演化。类似的道理，FAST还能监听到一些太空有机分子发出的独特电磁波，搜索可能的星际通讯信号和外星生命。寻找外星生命是所有望远镜的使命之一，也是科幻爱好者们关注的热点，探索宇宙志在深空，巨大而灵巧的FAST，已经蓄势待发，奇迹与惊喜，就在眼前。
观天巨眼——天文望远镜的前世今生
天文望远镜就好像是一个个观天巨眼，帮助我们观测宇宙星空，探索世界奥秘。
四百年前首架望远镜问世
四百年前，历史上第一架天文望远镜在欧洲问世，这是天文学史上划时代的创举。这架望远镜的口径为4.2厘米，长约1.2米，聚光能力能达到肉眼的一百倍左右。利用这架光学望远镜，伽利略观测了月球环形山、太阳黑子、木星的卫星等，获得一系列重大发现，打开了人类认识和探索宇宙的窗口。
在过去四百多年中，望远镜的制造技术有了突飞猛进的发展，光学镜片的口径最大已经达到了10米，比世界上第一台望远镜大了数万倍，集光能力随着口径的增大而增强，能够探测到更远更暗的天体。1990年，美国把哈勃望远镜发射到了太空，帮助人们首次窥探到宇宙深处的星系面貌，引领了天体物理研究的前沿。
无线电技术发展 射电望远镜脱颖而出
第二次世界大战以后，伴随着无线电技术的进步，射电望远镜脱颖而出。1963年美国在波多黎各建造了直径达305米的射电望远镜，顺着山坡固定在地表，是目前世界上最大的单孔径射电望远镜。1962年世界上首个综合孔径射电望远镜阵列建成，多个小望远镜组合起来获得相当于大口径单天线的集光能力，是望远镜发展史上的一个重大事件，发明人因该项技术获得了1974年诺贝尔奖。
我国射电天文起步相对较晚，经过近半个世纪的发展，已经在绕月探测卫星的精确测定轨中发挥了重要作用。现在，国内大型望远镜的建造也日新月异。2012年上海建成65米口径射电望远镜，综合性能位居世界前列。2011年，世界最大口径的500米球面射电望远镜在贵州开工，预计在今年9月全部建成并投入使用，将成为最灵敏的观天巨眼。
盘点世界著名望远镜
美国阿雷西博望远镜（ARECIBO）
美国阿雷西博射电望远镜位于波多黎各岛上的一座天然火山口当中，是目前世界上已建成的、最大单口径球面射电望远镜。其反射面口径为350米。波多黎各岛位于赤道附近，这个位置对于跟踪和观测行星、脉冲星和其他天体十分理想。
阿塔卡玛大型毫米波天线阵（ALMA）
阿塔卡玛大型毫米波天线阵位于智利北部的查南托高原，由64面口径为12米的射电天线组成，是多个国家的研究机构合作建造的大型射电望远镜阵列。这里海拔五千多米，是地球上气候最干燥的地区之一，非常适合毫米波天文观测。
澳大利亚平方公里阵列射电望远镜
澳大利亚平方公里阵列射电望远镜（ASKAP）位于澳大利亚的默奇森地区，由36架碟形天线组成，每架天线的直径为12米，该望远镜阵列造价6500万英镑。这一区域没有其他无线电信号干扰，可以清楚地接收到来自宇宙的信号。
中国上海佘山65米口径射电望远镜
中国上海佘山65米口径射电望远镜，是目前亚洲最大的可转射电望远镜，其主反射面面积达到了3780平方米，综合性能为亚洲第一、世界第四。它可以观测到100多亿光年以外的天体，在我国的嫦娥探月工程、火星探测等一系列重要的深空探测任务中都有它的身影。
哈勃望远镜
虽然射电望远镜的发展越来越快，但是光学望远镜的作用依然不可替代。最早的空间望远镜是哈勃望远镜，1990年由美国航天飞机送上太空，以2.8万公里的时速沿轨道运行。哈勃望远镜长13.3米，直径4.3米，清晰度是地基望远镜的10倍以上。作为天文史上最重要的仪器之一，哈勃望远镜已经在探测黑洞、暗物质和恒星演变等方面发挥重大作用。
郭守敬望远镜（LAMOST）
在地基天文望远镜中，光谱获取率最高的是我国自主设计建造的郭守敬望远镜（LAMOST）。该望远镜坐落在中科院国家天文台兴隆观测站，2008年建成。首次在国际上采用多镜片拼接主动调节的方式，可同时获得4000个天体的光谱，使我国光谱巡天技术真正走到了世界前列。
责任编辑：郑汉星
文章关键词： FAST 望远镜
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