"Himalayan viagra" less and less, US media: pick too much-the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the viagra-IT information

US media said the Nepal Bagdan 55 nomads--from the Himalayan plateau pasture tuerxinge·luokaya (Tulsingh Rokaya), watch mobile-pickers over the years in the number of people continue to grow.

According to the United States the New York Times, June 28, they were looking for a "caterpillar fungus", Nepal language calls "yarsagumba." This is a parasitic fungus, formed by the head of hepialus larvae, the larvae live in the plateau at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters. Cordyceps are used as aphrodisiacs are at least 1000 years, it has a "Himalayan viagra" alias.

Tibet rely on sources of funding

Reported in the 1980 of the 20th century, the pickers with the fungus for cigarettes and noodles. But with Cordyceps is increasingly popular, it quickly developed into a across China, Singapore and the United States of billions of dollars of industry.

In the season from late May to July, to bagedanda and the number of collected near two camps often can reach thousands of people. But as the fungus is becoming more and more scarce, sampling season has declined this year to hundreds of.

They still walk up from the foot of the camp, with metal in their hands small pickaxes dug up the caterpillar fungus, to contribute to this mountain with an average annual output of 135 tons. Occasionally, they will stay in Rokaya's tent, buying goat curd. But for the most part, they just put up the tent on a steep pass, bent all morning looking for the fungus revealing dirt curved black stem.

Folklore says, for your interest in the fungus, runners from China in 1993, surprising performance at an international track meet. Their coaches due to performance athletes drink with Chinese caterpillar fungus and turtle blood soup.

Reports in China's coastal cities, cordyceps price tag of more than US $ 50,000 per pound (about 660,000 yuan per kilogram). Pick Chinese caterpillar fungus to help improve the situation of widespread poverty in the Himalayan region. The area across Nepal, and India, Bhutan and China in the North. For hundreds of thousands of people who live in remote villages, and sell Chinese caterpillar fungus has become an important source of income.

Nepal's Central Bank study found that Cordyceps pickers sell on average earn about $ 2500 (about 17,000 yuan), 56% per cent of their annual income. Cordyceps by income were used by some of the poorest people in the world, look up to, and access to education.

Dannier·wenkele, the fungi (Daniel Winkler) did a lot of research of Cordyceps in Tibetan areas. He estimated that Tibet has more than 1 million people to sell Chinese caterpillar fungus.

High altitude climate change more severe?

Reports that Cordyceps demand rising rapidly at the same time, dramatic decline in supply. Research considered excessive harvesting, the Cordyceps fungi is one reason for this situation. But some researchers now believe that there is another possible reason: ecosystem warming caused by climate change. At high altitudes where the phenomenon may be more serious.

"We have sufficient theoretical basis believes that the rate of climate change faster than at sea level in the mountains," the University of Portsmouth, England (University of Portsmouth) geographer nigulasi·Peiping (Nicholas Pepin) said.

Some of the most compelling data from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. From 2001 to 2012, where the temperature rose 0.5 degree Fahrenheit (about 0.3 degrees Celsius), at an altitude of over 10,000 feet (about 3000 metres) stations, an increase of nearly 1 degree Fahrenheit. In the same decade, the global average temperature has increased by about 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit.

Scientists say that is still not clear why temperatures in mountain areas faster growth than other parts of the world. However, the University of Massachusetts, Boston (University of Massachusetts at Boston), biologist, kamailejite·Bawa (Kamaljit Bawa) said that if he is unable to better understand climate change in the Himalayas, possible unique biological diversity in the area will cause serious consequences.

Reportedly, a village located in the grasslands below, beekeepers now 60 pulitewei·Buda (Prithvi Budha) did not participate, but guard no one of those dozens of mud huts. He said the production of Cordyceps precipitation may be due.

"In the past there will be a lot of snow, snow can be so high, so high," he said, his hand than his trunk and shoulders. His memories of his childhood during the winter.

Australia University of Southern Queensland (University of Southern Queensland) researcher wutamu·shileisita (Uttam Shrestha) said it was difficult to determine why Cordyceps yield will be reduced. He said climate change could be one of several factors affecting supply of Cordyceps.

Farmers, now 43 years old gejier·bahaduer·Buda (Jir Bahadur Budha), said he was disappointed with this year's harvest. He estimated that six people in my family this year can only get 400 strains of Cordyceps and 200 less than last year, 500 less than the year before. Now Cordyceps in Nepal plant costing about $ 3.5 ($ 23 million).

On a recent morning, Buda and dozens of others at a time when fog into the pasture. Started less than 10 minutes, hundreds of feet away from the shouting, a teenager to find the day's first strain of Cordyceps. Bakai larvae on the body of the Earth, he finds a good quality strains of Cordyceps and got a smattering of congratulations.

"Only the Cordyceps lucky man to find in the morning," one man said.

Pick of the day, nomads Rokaya evaluation more cautious. He said that regardless of what causes production of Cordyceps, to restore what is lost here may already be too late.

“喜马拉雅伟哥”越来越少，美媒：采摘太多 - 青藏高原,伟哥 - IT资讯

美媒称，尼泊尔巴格丹达——来自喜马拉雅山脉一个高原牧场的55岁牧民图尔辛格·罗卡亚（Tulsingh Rokaya），多年来眼睁睁地看着流动采摘者的人数在不断壮大。

据美国《纽约时报》网站6月28日报道，他们是来寻找所谓的“虫草”的，尼泊尔语叫"yarsagumba"。这是一种寄生真菌，由蝠蛾幼虫的头部形成，这种幼虫生活在海拔3000多米的高原土壤中。虫草被用作壮阳药至少有1000年了，它拥有“喜马拉雅伟哥”的别名。

藏地依赖的资金来源

报道称，在20世纪80年代，采摘者用这种真菌换香烟和面条。但随着虫草越来越多地受到人们的喜爱，它迅速发展成为一个横跨中国、新加坡和美国的数十亿美元的产业。

在5月下旬至7月的采摘季节，前来巴格丹达和附近两个营地的采集者人数往往可达到几千人。但随着这种真菌变得越来越稀少，今年采集季节的人数已下降到了几百。

他们仍从山下的营地徒步上山，手拿金属小镐把虫草挖出来，为这个山区平均每年135吨的产量做贡献。偶尔，他们会在罗卡亚的帐篷前停留，购买羊凝乳。但大多数时候，他们只是从这个搭建在陡峭山坡上的帐篷前路过，整个上午都在弯着腰寻找这种真菌露出泥土的弯曲黑茎。

民间传说称，对这种真菌的兴趣，来自中国赛跑选手在1993年的一次国际田径运动会上令人吃惊的表现。他们的教练把成绩归结于运动员喝了用虫草和鳖血做的汤。

报道称，在中国的沿海大城市，虫草标价超过了每磅5万美元（约合每千克66万元人民币）。采摘虫草帮助改善了喜马拉雅地区普遍存在的贫穷状况。这一地区跨越尼泊尔、印度北部、不丹和中国。对于数十万生活在边远村庄的人而言，售卖虫草成了一项重要的收入来源。

尼泊尔中央银行的一项研究发现，采摘者售卖虫草的平均收入约为2500美元（约合1.7万元人民币），占他们年收入的56%。由虫草获得的收入让世界上最贫穷的一些人用上了电，看得起病，也得以接受教育。

真菌学家丹尼尔·温克勒（Daniel Winkler）在藏区就虫草做过大量的研究。他估计藏区有超过100万人在卖虫草。

高海拔地区气候变化更剧烈？

报道称，虫草的需求迅速上涨的同时，供应量却出现剧烈的下滑。研究虫草的真菌学家认为过度采摘是出现这种状况的一个原因。不过一些研究者现在认为，还有另一种可能的原因：由气候变化引起的生态系统变暖。在海拔高的地方，这种现象或许更加严重。

“我们有充分的理论依据认为，气候变化的速率在山区会比在海平面更快，”英格兰朴茨茅斯大学（University of Portsmouth）的地理学家尼古拉斯·佩平（Nicholas Pepin）说。

一些最具说服力的数据来自青藏高原。自2001年至2012年，那里的气温增长了0.5华氏度（约合0.3摄氏度），在海拔超过1万英尺（约合3000米）的气象站，增幅则达到将近1华氏度。而在同样的十年里，全球平均气温只增长了0.2华氏度左右。

科学家表示，目前还不清楚为什么山脉地区气温增速会比地球上的其他地区更快。不过，马萨诸塞州大学波士顿分校（University of Massachusetts at Boston）的生物学家卡迈勒吉特·巴瓦（Kamaljit Bawa）表示，倘若无法更好地理解喜马拉雅的气候变暖，可能会给该地区独一无二的生物多样性带来严重的后果。

报道称，在位于草原下方的一座村子，现年60岁的养蜂人普里特维·布达（Prithvi Budha）没有参加采摘，而是负责看守那几十座没人的泥石棚屋。他说降水减少可能是虫草产量降低的原因。

“过去这里会下很大的雪，积雪能有这么高，这么高，”他说一边说，一边把手比到自己的躯干和肩膀部位。他在回忆童年时期的冬天。

澳大利亚南昆士兰大学（University of Southern Queensland）的研究人员乌塔姆·什雷斯塔（Uttam Shrestha）表示，很难确定为什么虫草的产量会减少。他说气温变化可能是影响虫草供应的多种因素之一。

现年43岁的农民哥吉尔·巴哈杜尔·布达（Jir Bahadur Budha）表示，他对今年的收成感到失望。他估计今年家里六个人只能采到400株虫草，比去年少200株，比前年少500株。目前虫草在尼泊尔的单株售价约为3.5美元（约合23元人民币）。

不久前的一个上午，布达和另外几十个人在浓雾弥漫之时走进了牧场。开始搜寻不到十分钟，几百英尺远的地方传来喊声，一名少年找到了当天第一株虫草。扒开幼虫尸体上的泥土，他找到了一株品质不错的虫草，得到了零星的祝贺。

“只有运气很好的人才能在早上找到虫草，”一名男子说道。

对于当天的采摘，牧民罗卡亚的评价比较谨慎。他说不管是什么原因导致虫草产量下降，要挽回这里损失的东西可能都已经太迟了。