Germany sandbags flood wall VS China: who the hell is "artifact of flood control"?
Xinhua Beijing on July 9 Reuters new media questions: Germany sandbags flood wall VS China: who the hell is flood artifact?
Xinhua News Agency, "China" reporter
Recently, in the national storm, Typhoon, flood control and become an Internet hot spots at the same time, Germany "flood artifact" has become a buzzword.
"China" reporter found that so-called Germany "flood-artifact", in fact, is an Assembly of a flood wall, a similar flood in lanxi, Zhejiang yuyao, has been trying to. Friends and is considered to have "Chinese characteristics" of sandbags, in fact all over the world play the main role of flood control flood control equipment. Experts point out that flood control wall of sandbags and application conditions vary directly as "artifacts" to more appropriate.
Germany a flood wall is really magic? Cost a lot of money to promote limited
The so-called Germany "flood artifact" German name Spundwand, is usually made from structural steel flood wall, journalist enquiries found that Spundwand is not specifically set temporarily when flood walls, the walls due to a certain degree of sealing, in certain circumstances, it can be used for flood control or isolate the contaminated soil.
Germany flood walls are mainly used for urban flood control, both at home and abroad is that, while the wall is not just to build the "mobile" devices, but concrete pedestal, promotion subject to objective conditions and limitations.
China Institute of water conservancy and hydroelectric power Research Institute for flood control and drought relief introduced Ding Liuqian, cities and other densely populated will use mobile flood protection walls, due to the modular section is quite narrow bezel, there must be a concrete bases fixed and most of Lake and river embankments around the top does not meet the installation requirements.
When not threatened by floods in the city, in order to take care of the urban landscape, flood control will not be installed. Once a flood emergency, temporary modular bezel above the wall, after the flood, and quick release. According to Huang Haiyang introduction, flood emergency cases, the shortest can be installed within 12 hours.
Water Conservancy experts say the mobile flood wall such as Ding Liuqian is not a new thing, not even said that artifact. "The advantages of a flood wall is, the combination of bezel can be used repeatedly, to assemble and easy to disassemble, and sandbags in the absence of soil materials where applicable, and faults are obvious, engineering, one-time large, you need enough storage space. ”
Press enquiries related to Germany trading companies offer learned that steel flood wall cost a lot of money, around 550 euros per square metre. Taking into account China's rivers are very long, full use of the flood wall will cost an astronomical amount.
Even in Germany, taking into account cost factors, and only permanent fixed flood protection walls in some big cities such as Hamburg, including most of Cologne Germany towns just a flood wall, as a flood of technical means, if necessary, use the removable temporary removal from the warehouse "artifact". Journalists in June in Germany flooded town of simbach am Inn, the most serious scene, locals also use flood-fighting equipment such as sandbags.
Flood wall in Zhejiang have been used
Low-lying, water-rich, yuyao, Zhejiang, three years ago, Typhoon "Buffett" make yuyao Zhejiang Province one of the most severely affected area, this "nepartak" before the yaojiang River side on the key fields of more than half a meter high and low wall hundreds of metres long, built the peak came when combined bezel, turned into a removable flood wall.
Yuyao River basin flood control project construction headquarters introduced Zhang Shengjun, Director of engineering, each Board width 20 cm, 12 cm thick, long and 3 meters per 3.1-meter groups, each group of 3 horizontal stack, plus the original flood wall heights, will be able to reach 4. The flood elevation of 23 metres.
It is understood that yuyao, this time using the combined bezel from Germany, according to the unit price of more than 5,000 yuan per square meter, 4. About 6 km length of 4000 square meters of area, total needs about 20 million Yuan.
"This flood wall is the biggest feature is the lightweight, small footprint. "The Director of the Emergency Center of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang Province Huang Haizhen said that Germany" flood artifact "Haiyan, Zhejiang, Hunan, in China have factory for production, but it did not go through the typhoon, flood and other large scale combat test.
Huang Haizhen said this type of flood-control facilities is a new product will become beneficial supplement of flood control facilities, but also lack of relevant references in hydraulic engineering and design specifications. In addition, the "artifact" installed base design convergence, not buying products can "fill with" also needs a professional and technical team to install the management, so it is difficult to promote large-scale use.
Zhejiang Province, Huang Haiyang Water Conservancy and hydropower survey and Design Institute engineer, said Zhejiang embankment flood prevention standards are generally to 5-10 year, now built dikes is generally for 20 years in a standard, more lightweight and can better integrate with the landscape of the flood is the future direction of development.
Sandbags are only flood the main equipment in China? All over the world
In the users in question, and sandbags because they most often appear in the scene of China's flood control and Germany "flood artifact", labelled a Chinese label.
"In fact, flood the main equipment of our country is not just sandbags, in developed countries as well. "Ding Liuqian told reporters, especially when dealing with emergency and serious danger of piping, Chinese and foreign practices are consistent to use sandbags, friends eyes" approach "with strong universality.
Experts, the piping is a common cause of dike, processing must stop gushing water with sand and water outlet, at this time, with sandbags, dam filling bags, rubber dam bag filling works.
Water resources Research Institute of Shandong province Communist Party Secretary Wang Mingsen also mentioned that under the influence of monsoon, rainfall has been very uneven, surge in water level of rivers, lakes and storms, and water levels drop. Flood resistance is primarily for flood control dike in China, only if the levees hold, heightening the need to temporarily when the flood wall is one solution, and is mainly used in China stacking sandbags to raise levees, cheap and easy to master.
Wang Mingsen said, now, people use sandbags are made from polypropylene plastic, these materials can usually be obtained from textile manufacturers in the abandoned item, low prices. In addition, use only bags, shovels, sandbags needed manpower and sand, convenient and easy to get.
Netizen thinks, when the flood comes, when we can see which equipment is called a "artifact", after all, practice makes perfect. Also has user reviews, in fact, flood-fighting equipment have different uses, and sandbags used for section blocking rescue, flood protection walls for the embankment height. (Reporter: Wang Yang Zhu Han Zhu Sheng Zou Mingzhong)
(Editors: Pan Yi burn UN657)
2016-07-09 20:53:17
Xinhua
德国防洪墙VS中国沙袋：到底谁是“防洪神器”？
新华网北京７月９日新媒体专电 题：德国防洪墙ＶＳ中国沙袋：到底谁是防洪神器？
新华社“中国网事”记者
近日，在全国多地暴雨、台风、防汛成为网友关注热点的同时，德国“防洪神器”也成为热词。
“中国网事”记者调查发现，所谓的德国“防洪神器”，其实是一种装配式的防洪墙，类似的防洪设施在浙江余姚、兰溪等地已有尝试。而被网友认为是具有“中国特色”的沙袋，其实在世界各地都扮演抗洪防汛装备的主力角色。专家指出，沙袋与防洪墙应用条件各有不同，直接冠以“神器”之名以比较多有不妥。
德国防洪墙是真神器？造价不菲，推广受局限
所谓的德国“防洪神器”德文名为Ｓｐｕｎｄｗａｎｄ，是通常情况下由结构钢制成的防洪墙，记者查询资料发现，Ｓｐｕｎｄｗａｎｄ并非特指防御洪水时临时设置的墙壁，这种墙壁由于具备一定的密封功能，在某些特定环境下，它可被用于防洪或隔离被污染的土壤。
德国防洪墙其实主要应用于城市防洪，在国内外均是如此，同时这种墙也不是随便就能搭建的“可移动”装置，而是需要混凝土的基座，推广上受客观条件局限。
中国水利水电科学研究院防洪抗旱减灾研究所所长丁留谦介绍，城市等人口密集处才会使用移动防洪墙，由于组合式挡板断面比较窄，必须有混凝土底座加以固定，而大部分河湖周边的土堤顶面并不具备安装条件。
在城市没有受到洪水威胁时，为了照顾城市景观，防洪板不会被安装上。一旦汛情紧急，可以在墙体之上临时搭建组合式挡板，洪水退后，又可以快速拆卸。据黄海洋介绍，汛情紧急的情况下，最短能在１２小时内安装完毕。
丁留谦等水利专家认为移动防洪墙并不是新鲜事物，更称不上所谓神器。“防洪墙的优点就是，组合挡板可以重复使用，组装快捷、便于拆卸，在缺少土料和沙袋的地方比较适用，同时缺点也比较明显，工程一次性投入较大，还需要足够的仓储空间。”
记者查询相关德国贸易公司的报价了解到，钢制防洪墙造价不菲，每平方米售价约为５５０欧元。考虑到我国大江大河距离很长，全面使用这种防洪墙造价将达天文数字。
即便是在德国，考虑到成本因素，也只在一些大城市例如汉堡常设固定防洪墙，包括科隆等多数德国城镇只是将防洪墙作为一种抗洪的技术手段，在必要时使用从仓库中取出的可移动临时“神器”。记者今年６月在德国水灾最为严重的因河畔辛巴赫镇现场看到，当地人同样在使用沙袋等抗洪装备。
防洪墙在我国浙江多地已有应用
浙江余姚地势较低、水系丰富，三年前的台风“菲特”使余姚成为浙江全省受灾最为严重的地区之一，这次“尼伯特”到来前，姚江边的关键段位上多了半米高、百余米长的矮墙，在洪峰来临的时候能够搭建组合挡板，变身可拆卸式防洪墙。
余姚市流域防洪工程建设指挥部工程科一科科长张胜军介绍，每块板宽２０厘米，厚１２厘米，长３米，每三米一组，每组３块横向叠加，加上原有的防汛墙高度，将能够达到４．２３米的防洪高程。
据了解，余姚这次使用的组合式挡板产自德国，按每平方米５０００多元的单价、４．６公里长度折合４０００平方米左右的面积计算，总价需要２０００万元左右。
“这种防洪墙最大的特点是轻便、占地小。”浙江省钱塘江安全应急中心主任黄海珍说，这种德国“防洪神器”在我国湖南、浙江海盐等地都有厂家进行生产，但目前还没有经受过台风、洪水等大范围实战的检验。
黄海珍表示，这类防洪设施是新型产品，将能成为防洪抗洪设施的有利补充，但目前还缺少列入水利工程的相关参考依据和设计规范。此外，“神器”安装需要基底设计衔接，并非购买了产品就能“说装就装”，同时也需要一批专业技术团队进行安装管理，因此目前还较难大规模推广使用。
浙江省水利水电勘测设计院工程师黄海洋表示，目前浙江堤防防洪标准普遍为５至１０年一遇，现在建成的堤防普遍为２０年一遇的标准，更加轻便、能与景观更好结合的防洪设施是未来的发展方向。
沙袋仅是我国抗洪主力装备？全世界都在用
在网友热议中，沙袋由于最经常出现在我国防汛抗洪的救灾现场，在与德国“防洪神器”的比较中，被贴上了中国标签。
“其实，不光我们国家抗洪主力装备是沙袋，发达国家也是如此。”丁留谦告诉记者，尤其是在应对管涌抢险等严重险情时，中外做法都是一致地使用沙袋，网友眼中的“土办法”却具有极强的普适性。
专家介绍，管涌是堤防溃口的常见原因，处理时必须制止涌水带砂，而留有渗水出路，此时，用沙袋、充水坝袋、橡胶坝袋等填充行之有效。
山东省水利科学研究院党委书记王明森还提到，受季风影响，我国降雨很不均匀，江河湖水位暴涨暴落，水位落差大。我国防洪抗汛主要还是靠堤防，只有在堤防顶不住、需要临时加高的时候，这种防洪墙才是解决办法之一，而我国目前主要使用堆放沙袋来加高堤防，既便宜又易于上人。
王明森说，现在，人们所使用的沙袋是由聚丙烯塑料制成，这些材料一般可以从纺织品生产商废弃的物料中获得，价格低廉。除此之外，使用沙袋所需要的只有袋子、铲子、人力和沙子，方便易得。
有网友认为，当洪水真正来临的时候，才能看出哪种装备更称得上是“神器”，毕竟实践出真知。也有网友评论，其实抗洪装备用途各有不同，沙袋多用于截口堵库抢险，防洪墙多用于城市堤防加高。（记者：王阳 朱涵 朱晟 邹明仲）
(责任编辑：潘奕燃 UN657)
2016-07-09 20:53:17
新华网