Temple on the second arrived at the Jiuquan launch Center equipped with more sophisticated devices | tiangong second Jiuquan | _ news

Original title: Temple on the second space laboratory in mid-September launch will carry out the first ground quantum key transmission test

Weeks distance

On July 10, the news from the China manned space engineering office, Temple on the second space laboratory was safe yesterday arrived in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center manned space launch site, and the forthcoming final assembly and testing of the launch site.

International online news reported, citing the China manned space engineering office, news, Temple on the second space laboratory processes completed all preparation work before they go out on July 7, 2016, set off from Beijing, transported by railway, 9th manned space launch site security arrived in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Temple on the second space laboratory carrying world's first space cold atomic clock, the world's first space quantum key distribution experiment on 14 loads on space applications.

"Temple on the second" space station diagram

　　World's first space cooling of atomic clocks

According to the Xinhua News Agency reported in March, Chief Designer of the China manned space program Zhou Jianping introduced earlier, Temple on the second will carry the world's first cold atomic clocks was launched by space micro-gravity conditions, stability will be up to 10-16.

Ultra high-precision atomic clocks, is a key technology areas such as satellite navigation.

Basic principles of satellite navigation is, precise measurement of microwave signals from satellites to reach the destination for the time available the exact distance between the satellites and the target. Therefore, the precision of measurement of time, directly affect the positioning accuracy.

Room temperature, atoms have about hundreds of meters per second the movement of heat, leads to atomic and electromagnetic wave in short time, affect the precision of atomic clocks. Currently on the GPS and compass to use atomic clocks accuracy only to the nanosecond (10-9 seconds) level, so the accuracy of civilian GPS navigation in more than 10 meters.

Chinese American Steven Chu 1997 Nobel Physics Prize to laser cooling technology on June 5, 1998, he was elected as a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; in December 2008, the United States of energy.

The 90 's of the last century, Chinese-Americans Chu invented a laser cooling technique, you can use the laser beam atoms cooled to near absolute zero, which is almost motionless atoms. When this cooled atoms in microwave field when atoms and microwave the role of time is considerably longer, making atomic clock accuracy increased significantly. The reach of picoseconds (10-12 seconds) weight class "cold atomic clock".

However, the Group once in the microwave field, gravity, speed will increase, thus the cold affect the precision of atomic clocks. Therefore, weightlessness, or microgravity in space "space cold atomic clocks", in theory, should be more precise, this is the temple on the second carry "space cold atomic clock" is all about.

"The space cold atomic clock" experiment if successful, or will the "Beidou" centimeters of accuracy.

　　Open space quantum key distribution experiment

Of, the qianjiang evening news reported in June this year, in July this year, world's first quantum scientific experimental satellite will be launched in China, and between the satellite and the ground for the first time in the world of quantum communication, to construct a quantum security communication and scientific experiments of integrated vehicle and ground systems.

In September, the core of quantum communication: key (encryption, decryption keys) experiment will take the temple on the second space laboratory, the God experiment. This means, the world's first absolutely will not be cut, broken, being copied secret, will be born.

On May 25, at the Institute of quantum information and quantum quantum simulation laboratory in the frontier science and technology centre of excellence in innovation, staff is debugging ultracold Atomic optical lattice laser servo system platform.

Traditional encryption and transmission of communications security, is dependent on complex algorithms, which builds on existing computer to calculate on the basis of lack of capacity. However, in developing quantum computers worldwide, will be able to calculate billions in the past year of calculation, in about 1 minute to complete. It can be said that in front of the quantum computer, any encryption algorithm does not make sense.

However, quantum communication technology, but because of physical characteristics of the photon, determines the absolute safety of this mode of transport. First, the single photon cannot be split, measurement. If photons in the sky into the ground in the process of being hijacked, then on the ground must not be able to receive this light, warn it will make the receiver of information has been stolen.

Secondly, the quantum States cannot be copied. In the quantum state of a particle, once copied, the original particle is destroyed. This ensures that information is intercepted.

Therefore, quantum communications, in principle, ensure that the authentication, transmission encryption, and digital signatures, unconditionally secure, but fundamentally, permanent address information security issues.

According to the Xinhua News Agency read, after the satellite successfully conducted a number of experiments, and integrated experimental system will be put into official operation of quantum science. Quantum satellite, Chief Scientist, Professor of the China University of science and technology Pan Jianwei said, "the Beijing-Shanghai route" large scale optical quantum communication backbone project, expected deliveries in the second half of this year.

This project will build thousands of kilometers high reliable, scalable, wide-area optical quantum communication network of civil-military integration, built large scale quantum communication technology, applied research and demonstration platform. Combination of quantum satellite and Beijing-Shanghai lines, will construct world wide-area quantum communication systems integration.

It is understood that China will continue to launch more quantum satellite, built to around 2030, took the lead in global wide-area quantum communication networks.

On May 25, the microsatellite engineering center in Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chief Designer of the quantum science experimental satellite Zhu Zhencai (left) and Deputy Chief Engineer Zhou Yilin in the quantum satellite photos.

Temple second, space laboratory is in Temple first, backup target aircraft based Shang improved development and into, used experiment class and resources class two class configuration, for meet advance agent fill added validation test need, on advance points system for has adaptability transformation; for meet medium-term resides need, on manned should be home environment do has major improved, has support 2 name astronaut in rail work, and life 30 days of capacity, design in rail life 2 years.

Temple on the second space laboratory's main tasks are: acceptance of manned and cargo spacecraft to visit, check verify that astronauts medium-term presence, adding space stations such as the propellant engineering-related key technologies, and aerospace medicine, space science and space technology experiments, as well as on-orbit maintenance testing and technical validation tests of the space station.

At present, the Jiuquan launching site facilities and equipment in good condition, all the preparatory work is proceeding according to plan in an orderly manner. Launch second space laboratory's long second FT2 rocket, and launch manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th away long second-f 11 rocket, will be held in early August to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Completed factory testing of manned spacecraft, Shenzhou 11th mission has completed the astronaut crew will be selected, and ongoing task for intense training.

As planned, the temple on the second space laboratory will be launched in mid-September 2016, on-orbit testing and after the establishment of independent operating mode, ready for manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th visit preparation.

Responsible editor: Wang Hao

Article keywords:
Temple on the second in Jiuquan

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天宫二号抵达酒泉发射中心 搭载多台高精尖设备|天宫二号|酒泉_新闻资讯

　　原标题：天宫二号空间实验室9月中旬发射将进行全球首次空地量子密钥传输试验

　　周远方

　　7月10日，来自中国载人航天工程办公室的消息称，天宫二号空间实验室已于昨日安全运抵酒泉卫星发射中心载人航天发射场，即将开展发射场总装和测试工作。

　　据国际在线消息援引中国载人航天工程办公室消息，天宫二号空间实验室按流程完成了出厂前所有研制工作，2016年7月7日从北京启程，经铁路运输，于9日安全运抵酒泉卫星发射中心载人航天发射场。天宫二号空间实验室装载全球首台空间冷原子钟、全球首次空地量子密钥分配试验等14项空间应用载荷。

“天宫二号”空间站示意图

　　全球首台空间冷原子钟

　　据新华网3月报道，中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平此前介绍，天宫二号将搭载全球第一台冷原子钟升空，利用太空微重力条件，稳定度将高达10的负16次方。

　　超高精度的原子钟，是卫星导航等领域的关键核心技术。

　　卫星导航的基本原理是，精确测量微波信号从卫星到达目标所用的时间，可得卫星和目标之间的准确距离。因此，测量时间的精度，直接影响定位准确度。

　　常温下，原子都有大约每秒几百米的热运动，导致原子和电磁波作用时间短，影响原子钟的精度。目前GPS和北斗上使用的原子钟，精度仅到纳秒（10的负9次方秒）级，故民用GPS的导航精度在十几米左右。

美籍华人朱棣文，1997年以激光冷却原子技术获诺贝尔物理学奖；1998年6月5日，当选为中国科学院外籍院士；2008年12月，担任美国能源部长。

　　上世纪九十年代，美籍华人朱棣文发明了激光冷却原子的技术，可以用几束激光把原子团冷却到绝对零度附近，也就是让原子几乎一动不动。当把这种冷却后的原子放 进微波场的时候，原子与微波的作用时间大大加长，使得原子钟的精度显著提高。这就是达到皮秒（10的负12次方秒）量级的“冷原子钟”。

　　但是，原子团在进入微波场后，由于重力作用，速度很快会变大，从而对冷原子钟的精确度产生影响。因此，在太空无重力或微重力环境下的“空间冷原子钟”，理论上应当更为精确，这也是天宫二号搭载“空间冷原子钟”的意义所在。

　　“空间冷原子钟”试验若成功，或将使“北斗导航”的精度达到厘米级。

　　空地量子密钥分发试验

　　据《钱江晚报》今年6月报道，今年7月，我国将发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星，并在世界上首次实现卫星和地面之间的量子通信，构建一个天地一体化的量子保密通信与科学实验体系。

　　今年9月，量子通信的核心环节：密钥（加密、解密的钥匙）传输实验，将搭乘天宫二号空间实验室，上天展开实验。这意味着，世界上首封绝对不会被截、被破、被复制的密信，将要诞生。

5月25日，在中科院量子信息与量子科技前沿卓越创新中心内的量子模拟实验室，工作人员正在调试超冷原子光晶格平台的激光伺服系统。

　　传统的通信加密和传输安全，都是依赖于复杂的算法，既建立在现有计算机计算能力不足的基础上。然而，全球都在加紧研发的量子计算机，将能够将以往计算上百亿年的计算量，在大约1分钟内完成。可以说，在量子计算机面前，任何基于算法的加密都是没有意义的。

　　然而，量子通信技术，却因光量子的物理特性，决定了这种传输方式的绝对安全。首先，单光子不可被分割、测量。如果在天上的光子射向地面的过程中被劫持，那么地面上就一定无法再接受到这粒光量子了，这会让接收方及时警惕情报已被盗。

　　其次，量子态不可复制。处于量子态的粒子，一旦被复制，原来的粒子也就毁了。这保证了信息不可被窃听。

　　因此，量子通信方式，从原理上确保身份认证、传输加密以及数字签名等的无条件安全，可从根本上、永久性解决信息安全问题。

　　另据新华社解读，在卫星成功进行多项实验后，天地一体化量子科学实验系统将投入正式运行。量子卫星首席科学家、中国科学技术大学教授潘建伟透露，“京沪干线”大尺度光纤量子通信骨干网工程，预计今年下半年交付。

　　这一工程将构建千公里级高可信、可扩展、军民融合的广域光纤量子通信网络，建成大尺度量子通信技术验证、应用研究和应用示范平台。结合量子卫星和京沪干线，将初步构建我国天地一体化的广域量子通信体系。

　　据了解，我国还将陆续发射多颗量子卫星，力争在2030年前后率先建成全球化的广域量子保密通信网络。

5月25日，在中国科学院上海微小卫星工程中心，量子科学实验卫星总设计师朱振才（左）与副总工程师周依林在量子卫星旁合影留念。

　　天宫二号空间实验室是在天宫一号备份目标飞行器基础上改进研制而成，采用实验舱和资源舱两舱构型，为满足推进剂补加验证试验需要，对推进分系统进行了适应性 改造；为满足中期驻留需要，对载人宜居环境做了重大改善，具备支持2名航天员在轨工作、生活30天的能力，设计在轨寿命2年。

　　天宫二号空间实验室的主要任务是：接受载人飞船和货运飞船访问，考核验证航天员中期驻留、推进剂补加等空间站工程相关关键技术，并开展航天医学、空间科学实验和空间应用技术试验，以及在轨维修试验和空间站技术验证试验。

　　目前，酒泉发射场设施设备状态良好，各项准备工作正按计划有序进行。发射天宫二号空间实验室的长征二号FT2火箭，以及发射神舟十一号载人飞船的长征二号F遥十一火箭，将于8月上旬运往酒泉卫星发射中心。神舟十一号载人飞船已完成出厂测试，执行任务的航天员乘组已完成定选，正在进行任务强化训练。

　　按计划，天宫二号空间实验室将于2016年9月中旬发射，之后开展在轨测试并建立自主运行模式，做好迎接神舟十一号载人飞船访问的准备。

责任编辑：王浩成

文章关键词：
天宫二号 酒泉

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