Nearly 50 Lakes disappeared owners sued in Wuhan water Bureau to fill in the Lake | | | Wuhan Wuhan rainstorm waterlogging in lakes of Wuhan _ news
Wuhan rainstorm by flooded roads The flood peak of the Yangtze River, Wuhan City, including lakes, are below the River, mainly by pumping water into the Yangtze River drainage, so even if there are more lakes, the water will overflow, causing waterlogging in urban area. But dwindle away in Wuhan Lake area, damage to lakes, broken the ecological balance of the Lake, resulting in flood storage capacity is greatly reduced, increasing frequency of drought and flood in summer
Days of record rainfall, combined with the surge in water level in lakes, reservoirs and rivers, leading to hundreds of flooding in Wuhan City of Hubei Province, in man after the collapse, two local levee in caidian district, Wuhan City, nearly 20,000 people were evacuated on the night of July 5.
Wuhan water Bureau said 6th Wuhan suffered waterlogging of low-lying, storm frequency and drainage systems construction standards too low.
Online buzz, Wuhan itself insufficient rainwater storage delay space is also an important part. In the course of urban construction in the past, the city of lakes and low-lying areas and other filled buried, hardened to urban construction sites, so that rainwater does not have enough space to store only remains relatively low-lying areas in some cities, especially on the road, forming waterlogging water.
Caijing reporters found that due to the flood peak of the Yangtze River, Wuhan City, including lakes, are below the River, mainly by pumping water into the Yangtze River drainage. Under the Lake in the River, even if there are more lakes, the water will overflow.
However, is yet to be asked, though Wuhan had legislation to protect Lakes, but to defy the filling of Lake phenomena still occur. At present, the Wuhan urban Lake, 40, at the beginning of the founding of new China, the figure was 127-60 years Wuhan City nearly 90 lakes disappear.
Studies showed that shallow deposits of silt, surrounding lakes over the years cultivated, filling nearly 30 years on the Lake floor area of lakes in Wuhan reduced 228.9 square kilometers, nearly 100 lakes in 50 years "evaporate".
Lakes are truncated or landfill, greatly reducing the Lake's self-adjusting ability, undermined the ecological balance of the Lake, so water half-light and the storage capacity is greatly reduced, and this will increase frequency of drought and flood in summer, as well as local severe weather.
50 "cut" Lakes
At the intersection of the Yangtze River and the HANJIANG River in Wuhan in jianghan plain in the end, is a flat, it is easy in times of rainfall occurs the objective causes of waterlogging. Professor, College of architecture and urban planning, Huazhong University of science Wan Yanhua told Caijing reporters, although the Yangtze River Three Gorges Dam flood, Wuhan, but upstream there are many Qingjiang River water into the Yangtze River, Wuhan, Yangtze River after water cannot be used as the receiving waters. In addition, lakes in Wuhan reduced, the city expanded too quickly, a large number of construction of houses, roads, Plaza leading to increased hardened ground, making Wuhan sponge effect decreases, rain not infiltration and waterlogging in Wuhan.
Coastal environment monitoring in Shenzhen University Professor Wu Guofeng of the State Bureau of surveying and mapping geographic information laboratories, who published a review of the Lake landscape of the dynamic analysis of remote sensing, Wuhan City said 1973 to 2013 by 40 years, Wuhan has decreased in number and area of the Lake. Lakes of Wuhan City through four stages, but by the Great Lakes into Lake, a small lake towards the orbital evolution of the death.
Hubei provincial water resources department data show that the 50 's of last century, Lake, Hubei Province, effective storage volume of 11.54 billion cubic meters, adjustable storage surface runoff in the province of 12.2%.
In the 70 's of last century's "Lakes" in the Wuhan decreases the total Lake area, specifically increased breaking in the Great Lakes, small lakes. Only between 1973-1979, area of over 300 square kilometers of lakes in Wuhan, shrinking nearly 30%.
Wuhan water authority water management office, told Caijing reporters Wang Chibing, when "people meals are hungry", enclose Tideland for cultivation movement nationwide. There are many small lakes around Wuhan dongxihu, disappeared in this campaign, built into the farm land, "most lakes are in enclose Tideland for cultivation at that time did not, when conditions are."
Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, environmental disaster and Du Yun, Director of the Research Office of research shows that the sediment in the basin of jianghan Lake group has greater deposition rate, are also important cause Lakes to shrink or die.
However, it can be seen very clearly, after 1980, due to the policy of returning land to Lake, Lake with a total area of Wuhan has picked up. In the 1980 of the 20th century, the Lake, Hubei Province, effective regulation and storage capacity of 3.07 billion cubic meters, but it is only 26.6% of the 50 's of last century.
The 90 's of the last century, real estate development boom has lakes within the city of Wuhan has eroded. In this regard, the Wuhan water Bureau, said, "this is for ones of magnitude, and small lakes. ”
In 1996, the new changes again, picked up sharply at 755.34 square kilometers of the total area of lakes in Wuhan. Mainly due to the flood.
Numerous media references is the Wuhan water Bureau allegedly previously public data, 2002 more than more than 200 lakes in Wuhan City in 2012, only 166. Nearly 30 lakes in Wuhan area by 228.9 square kilometers, nearly 100 lakes in 50 years "evaporate".
According to the Wuhan water Bureau claims, since 2002 the protection of lakes in Wuhan City Ordinance (hereinafter referred to as the Lakes of Wuhan Ordinance), erosion phenomenon of the Lake began to stop. The Ordinance was launched, none of the Lakes reduced.
Obviously, a no less after 2002 and the media coverage has contradicted dozens of Lakes disappear. In this regard, the head of the Wuhan water Bureau, said, "in 2002 more than more than 200 lakes in Wuhan City" data is certainly wrong, is currently working with the morning post than this media inquiries.
Although the Wuhan water Bureau stressed that after 2002 number of Lakes have not diminished, but admitted the area had very little shrinking. Continue to shrink, because the provisions of the regulations of the lakes in Wuhan is not detailed enough, like small twigs, edges of lakes, the Lakes of Wuhan Ordinance does not clearly define on this, so there are some occupied municipal infrastructure construction such as roads, bridges, and houses around the Lake, which did not break the rules.
According to estimates by Wang Chibing, "does this cause Lakes to shrink to 1%. ”
Wuhan water Bureau official told Caijing reporters, due to historical reasons, Wuhan's Lake disappeared, but "are now posted in the history of human heads, must be reasonable. ”
Now, Wuhan's Lake regulating runoff capacity compared with 40 years ago, only 30%. Reduced Lake, facing the same rainfall runoff coefficient becomes larger, shorter concentration time, peak runoff in advance, in the case of significant increase in the flow, water is everywhere to discharge.
Wan Yanhua said the study, in the case of a sharp increase in traffic, there will be rain water cannot be discharged in a timely manner, partly flooding disasters. Although Lake storage alone cannot solve the problem of waterlogging in Wuhan, but if the stream connecting project completed in Wuhan, will ease the waterlogging of Wuhan.
Du Yun believed that as the Lakes area and the reduction in the number of, a series of ecological and environmental problems: Lake relations deteriorate, Lake storage capacity, degree of increase in flood frequency, enhance, local climate affected and may induce or exacerbate severe weather and the development of local area.
Wuhan water works Council drainage at Director Xiang Jiuhua and drainage section chief Wang Liang previously in China flood drought wrote said, Wuhan Center City 38 a lake in the has 34 a has adjustable storage function, due to past stressed development agricultural fishing economic, many Lake has been engaged in farming, usually water high, on regional drainage formed has top supporting, block drainage; on the in governance Lake process in the, for protection lake water environment, in Lake around built has large of cut business gate and cut dirt tube, these control gate usually close, only in rain, and Storm emergency opening, early sewage into the Lake, opened late around the prone to waterlogging.
Article above noted, by the natural flow of the river port of a huge complex emission system and great storage function is where the advantage of Wuhan urban drainage, but farming, water, environmental protection and drainage of Lakes there is a contradiction, Lake regulating peak clipping feature is not effective.
Should be to maximize the recovery of tuiyang Lake in Wuhan City water seepage, water features, when the storm comes ahead of lower Lake levels spare capacity to accept the surrounding catchments.
The Wuhan Government has realized, according to the Changjiang daily reported, the Government plan, by 2020, the Lakes of Wuhan City pattern of water system connected to the initial formation, when Wuhan will build the nation's largest urban wetland of Lake ecology group.
Wan Yanhua said River connecting project of Wuhan City and connected to the Lake, Lake storage alone cannot solve the problem of waterlogging in Wuhan, but if the stream connecting project completed in Wuhan, will ease the waterlogging of Wuhan.
For filling the Lake, Government to court
Environmental NGOs in Wuhan "Green River" Ke Zhiqiang, head, Lakes disappear more artificial. Lakes, especially shallow lakes in Wuhan City, their evolution driven by the policy and economic influence.
The Lake landscape dynamics analysis of remote sensing, Wuhan points out that, after entering the 21st century, Lake with a total area of Wuhan has tended to decline, once again into the first round of the Great Lakes shrink or broken, the small lake to increase stage. Surrounding Lake reclamation, lake reclamation and natural or environmental damage caused by siltation of lakes, in the "returning grain fields to the Lake" lake water in Wuhan area continued to decrease after the implementation of policies.
Ke Zhiqiang believes that Lake for real estate projects in previous years filled the building, then the Lake occupied by some municipal facilities, such as roads and parks, and so on.
On September 30, 2015 is located in Wuhan inner ring shahu Lake to the North Bank area 39 of the Wuhan water Bureau, the landlord to court.
Wuhan water Bureau for implementation in 2009 Sand Lake dredging project will dig out silt in the Lake region, Lake Shore Community residents face the smell of mud all day, 39 residents of Wuhan water Bureau "illegally filled Lakes" on behalf of the prosecution.
Residents said 23,500 square meters piled up 5 years of silt sand lake water into the dry land, the surrounding residents to grow vegetables, they consider that the Wuhan water Bureau is filling the Lake.
Sand Lake is the largest lake in Wuhan inner ring area, had nearly Mu size. In 2002, before and after the landfill portion of sand Lake was built and the City Classic color, century city, Golden Sands-Park Shore real estate. Sand Lake area is only about 4000 acres in 2012.
On March 29, 2016, the Wuhan jiangan District Court to order the Wuhan water Bureau 39 owners reflects the mud lake and building rubbish reclamation issues, continue to carry out investigation and handling administrative duties.
According to the regulations of the lakes in Wuhan water Bureau, Wuhan will win, which makes Lake Shore Community residents unprepared.
Ke Zhiqiang believes that this filled lakes in Wuhan was brought under control after the introduction of the Bill, with Guo Jiahu, for example, according to the regulations it is facilitated by the live TV, had become "big pond" of Guo Jia Hu to back up to 0.12 square kilometers.
Back in 1999, natural mountain lake, Wuhan, Wuhan Municipal Government has enacted the protection measures to protect the Lake. But in order to stop filling Lakes and lakes in Wuhan, Wuhan City on November 30, 2001, the enactment of the Ordinance, all included in the protection list all lakes in Wuhan, Lake construction, filling Lake Development Act is strictly prohibited.
According to section Nineth of this Ordinance, for special reason requires Lakes, should be approved by the unit submitted to the municipal water conservancy administrative departments and submitted to the municipal people's Government for approval, the required approval authority for approval.
If illegally filled Lakes and lakes in Wuhan, according to the Ordinance provides that the penalties are not high, "illegal construction of buildings and structures in the lake waters, by the water conservancy Administrative Department in charge shall command to suspend construction, removal of the deadline; fails to dismantle, forcibly removed by the water conservancy administrative departments shall be ordered to bear the costs, and a fine of 10,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan fine. ”
But it did, "in addition to the State's key construction projects, forbidden to occupy (Lake). "" Due to special reason requires Lakes, should be approved by the unit submitted to the municipal water conservancy administrative departments and submitted to the municipal people's Government for approval, the required approval authority for approval. ”
Ke Zhiqiang said, although key projects or specific reasons need to take up the Lake, but how many according to the specified account for the number. Compared to the situation in recent years to fill the Lake with the Lake in Wuhan, Wuhan City Ordinance is not out front do a lot better.
Caijing reporters Wai although hetao/text
Responsible editor: Sun Ailin SN146
Article keywords:Lakes of Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan rainstorm water logging
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武汉50年近百湖泊消失 有业主起诉水务局填湖|武汉湖泊|武汉暴雨|武汉内涝_新闻资讯
武汉暴雨 路面被淹 此次长江洪峰，武汉全市包括湖泊在内，都在江水以下，排水主要靠泵提水排入长江，因此此时就算有更多湖，水也会溢出来，致使城区内涝。但武汉湖泊面积萎缩消失，损害了江湖关系、打破了湖区生态平衡，致使调蓄洪水能力大为降低，将加剧春旱夏涝频度
连日来创记录的强降雨，加之江河湖库水位暴涨，导致湖北武汉城区百余处遭水淹，在武汉市蔡甸区的两处民堤漫溃后，更有近2万人在7月5日夜里被紧急转移。
武汉市水务局6日表示，武汉遭遇内涝有地势低、暴雨频发、排水系统建设标准偏低等原因。
网上则热议，武汉本身对于雨水的蓄滞空间不足也是重要一环。在过去城市建设过程中，武汉市的湖泊和低洼等被填埋、硬化为城市建设用地，使雨水没有足够的空间存储，只能停留在一些城市相对低洼的地区，尤其是城市道路上，形成内涝积水。
《财经》记者调查发现，由于此次长江洪峰，武汉全市包括湖泊在内，都在江水以下，排水主要靠泵提水排入长江。湖面都在江水之下，此时就算有更多湖，水也会溢出来。
不过，仍需追问的是，虽然武汉早就立法保护湖泊，但以身试法的填湖现象还是时有发生。目前，武汉城区湖泊有40个，在新中国成立初期，这一数字是127个——60年来武汉城区近90个湖泊消失。
有研究报告显示，多年来的淤浅沉积、围湖垦殖、填湖盖楼导致近30年来武汉湖泊面积减少了228.9平方千米，50年来有近100个湖泊“蒸发”。
湖泊被截断或填埋，大大降低了湖泊的自我调节能力，破坏了湖区生态平衡，使水分涵容与调蓄能力大为降低，这会加剧春旱夏涝频度，以及局部地区灾害性天气。
50年“修剪”湖泊
在长江和汉江交汇处的武汉处于江汉平原中端，是一个平地，这是容易在雨量过大时发生内涝的客观原因。华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院教授万艳华告诉 《财经》记者，尽管长江有三峡大坝调洪，但武汉上游还有清江等很多河流的水汇集到长江，长江水满后不能作为武汉的受纳水体。加之，武汉的湖泊减少，城市扩 张太快，大量建房子、修路、修广场导致硬化地面增多，这让武汉市海绵体的效果减小，雨水无法下渗，进而加剧了武汉内涝。
深圳大学海岸地理环境监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室的邬国锋教授等人发表的一篇《武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析》文章称，1973年至2013年 的40年间，武汉的湖群数量和面积都在减少。武汉市的湖泊变化历经四个阶段，但基本按大湖破碎成小湖、小湖逐渐走向消亡的轨道演化。
湖北省水利厅的数据表明，上世纪50年代，湖北省湖泊有效调蓄容积115.4亿立方米，可调蓄省内地表径流量的12.2%。
在上世纪70年代的“围湖造田”中，武汉湖泊总面积急剧减小，具体表现在大湖破碎、小型湖泊增加。仅1973年—1979年间，武汉湖泊的面积减小就超过300平方千米，萎缩近30%。
武汉市水务局污水管理处处长王赤兵告诉《财经》记者，当时“老百姓饭都吃不饱”，全国范围都有围垦造田的运动。武汉东西湖附近原来有很多小湖泊，在这场运动中基本消失，造出来的土地都开发成农场了，“绝大多数湖泊都是在那时围垦造田没有的，当时的条件就是那样”。
中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所环境与灾害研究室主任杜耘的研究显示，该流域内的泥沙冲淤使江汉湖群有较大的沉积速率，也是湖泊萎缩或消亡的重要原因。
不过，明显可以看出，在1980年后，由于退田还湖政策实施，武汉的湖泊总面积有所回升。20世纪80年代，湖北省湖泊有效调蓄容积为30.7亿立方米，但这也仅为上世纪50年代的26.6%。
到上世纪90年代，武汉的房地产开发热潮曾经对城内湖泊有所侵蚀。对此，武汉水务局方面的说法是，“这是个位数量级的，并且是很小的湖泊。”
在1996年，又有了新变化，武汉湖泊总面积大幅回升达到755.34平方千米。主要是因为当年大涝。
众多媒体引用据称是武汉市水务局以前公开的数据，2002年武汉市共有200多个湖泊，2012年只剩下166个。近30年武汉湖泊面积减少了228.9平方千米，50年来有近100个湖泊“蒸发”。
按照武汉水务局方面的说法，自2002年《武汉市湖泊保护条例》（下称《武汉湖泊条例》）施行，侵蚀湖泊的现象开始遏制住了。该条例出台后，没有一个湖泊减少。
显然，一个都没有少与媒体报道的2002年后又有几十个湖泊消失相矛盾。对此，武汉水务局相关负责人表示，“2002年武汉市共有200多个湖泊”的数据肯定是错的，目前正在与较早报出这一数据的媒体问询。
尽管武汉水务局强调2002年之后湖泊个数没有减少，但承认面积有非常小的萎缩。之所以继续萎缩，是因为当时的《武汉湖泊条例》规定不够细致，比如 湖泊会有小枝杈、边边角角的地方，对此《武汉湖泊条例》没有明确定义，所以还是有一些道路、桥梁等市政基础设施建设占用，及围着湖边造房子的情况，这些在 当时并不违反规定。
据王赤兵估计，“这块造成的湖泊面积萎缩不到1%。”
武汉水务局一位负责人告诉《财经》记者，由于历史发展原因，武汉的湖泊确实消失了很多，但“把历史上的帐都算到现在人的头上，肯定不合理的。”
现在，武汉的湖泊调蓄地表径流能力与40年前相比只剩下30%。湖泊减少，面对同样的降雨，产流系数变大，汇流时间变短，径流的峰值时间提前，在流量大幅增加的情况下，雨水无处及时排出。
万艳华的研究称，在流量大幅增加的情况下，必然出现雨水不能及时排出，局部出现水涝灾害的现象。虽然仅靠湖泊调蓄不能完全解决武汉的内涝问题，但如果武汉的水系连通工程全部完工，肯定能缓解武汉的内涝情况。
杜耘研究认为，随着湖泊面积和数量的减少，产生一系列生态环境问题：江湖关系恶化，湖泊调蓄能力下降，洪涝灾害次数增加、程度增强，局地气候受影响并有可能诱发或加剧局部地区的灾害性天气的发生和发展。
武汉市水务局排水处处长项久华和排水科科长王亮此前在《中国防汛抗旱》撰文称，武汉市中心城区38个湖泊中有34个具有调蓄功能，由于过去强调发展 农渔经济，很多湖泊一直从事养殖，平时蓄水较高，对区域排水形成了顶托，阻滞排水；另一方面在治理湖泊过程中，为保护湖泊水环境，在湖泊周边兴建了大量的 截制闸和截污管，这些控制闸平常关闭，只在大雨、暴雨时应急开启，开早了污水入湖，开晚了周边易渍水。
上述文章指出，由江河湖港构成的庞大的自然集流排放体系和超强的调蓄功能是武汉城市排水的优势所在，但湖泊养殖、水环境保护与排涝仍存在一定矛盾，湖泊调蓄削峰功能还没有有效发挥。
武汉应该退养还湖最大限度地恢复城市渗水、蓄水功能，在暴雨到来时提前拉低湖泊水位腾出库容接纳周边汇水。
这一点武汉政府也已经意识到，据《长江日报》报道，政府规划提出，到2020年，武汉市江湖水系连通格局才能初步形成，届时武汉市将构建国内最大城市湖泊生态湿地群。
万艳华表示，水系连通工程让武汉城内外的湖泊相连，虽然仅靠湖泊调蓄不能完全解决武汉的内涝问题，但如果武汉的水系连通工程全部完工，肯定能缓解武汉的内涝情况。
为填湖，将政府诉至法院
在武汉民间环保组织“绿色江城”负责人柯志强看来，湖泊消失更多在人为。武汉的城市内湖泊尤其是浅水型湖泊，其演变受政策导向和经济驱动影响剧烈。
《武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析》指出，进入21世纪后，武汉的湖泊总面积仍呈减少趋势，再次进入一轮大湖萎缩或破碎、小湖增加的阶段。围湖垦殖、填湖造房加之天然或环境破坏造成的湖泊淤积，在“退田还湖”政策实施后武汉湖泊水面面积继续逐渐减小。
柯志强认为，前些年的湖泊多为地产项目填了盖楼，后来的湖泊多被一些市政设施占据，比如，修路和修建公园等。
2015年9月30日，位于武汉内环线沙湖正北面梦湖水岸小区的39名业主将武汉市水务局诉至法院。
武汉市水务局在2009年实施沙湖清淤工程时将挖出的淤泥堆积在湖域内，梦湖水岸小区的居民们整日面对淤泥的臭气，39位居民以武汉市水务局“非法填湖”的名义起诉。
居民们称，那些堆放5年之久的淤泥将2.35万平方米的沙湖水域变成旱地，周边还有居民前往种菜，他们认为武汉市水务局的做法就是在填湖。
沙湖是武汉内环区域内最大的湖泊，曾有近万亩规模。在2002年前后，被填埋的部分沙湖被建起了都市经典、世纪彩城、金沙泊岸等楼盘。沙湖在2012年时的面积仅剩4000亩左右。
2016年3月29日，武汉市江岸区法院判决责令武汉市水务局针对39位业主反映的淤泥及建筑垃圾填湖的问题，继续履行调查和处理的行政职责。
依据《武汉湖泊条例》告赢武汉市水务局，这让梦湖水岸小区的居民们始料未及。
柯志强认为，这一条例出台后武汉的填湖得到了控制，他以郭家湖为例，正是依据这一条例在电视直播节目的推动下，让早已变成“大鱼塘”的郭家湖得以恢复到0.12平方千米。
早在1999年，武汉市政府就颁布了《武汉市自然山体湖泊保护办法》用以保护湖泊。但为了更好地制止填湖行为，武汉市又在2001年11月30日颁布了《武汉湖泊条例》，将武汉所有湖泊全部列入保护名录，严禁围湖建设、填湖开发等行为。
按此条例第九条规定，因特殊原因确需占用湖泊的，应当由建设单位报市水行政主管部门审核并报市人民政府同意后，按规定的审批权限报批。
如有非法填湖，按《武汉湖泊条例》规定其处罚力度并不高，“在湖泊水域范围内违法建设建筑物、构筑物的，由水行政主管部门责令停建，限期自行拆除；逾期不拆除的，由水行政主管部门强行拆除，责令承担所需费用，并处以1万元以上5万元以下罚款。”
但也规定了，“除国家重点工程建设项目外，禁止占用（城市湖泊）。”“因特殊原因确需占用湖泊的，应当由建设单位报市水行政主管部门审核并报市人民政府同意后，按规定的审批权限报批。”
柯志强表示，虽然有重点项目或特殊原因需要占用湖泊，但根据规定占多少补多少。所以武汉市近几年填湖的情况相比《武汉湖泊条例》未出台前确实好了很多。
《财经》记者 何光伟 贺涛/文
责任编辑：孙爱林 SN146
文章关键词： 武汉湖泊 武汉暴雨 武汉内涝
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