Liu Zhi-Qin: China's efforts to become an international power _ news

Author Liu Zhi-Qin et senior researcher at the finance Research Institute of the Renmin University, the paper published on July 7, the World Wide Web Home.

Recent uproar South of the arbitration case, and people suddenly realized that China is not just an economic power, must also become an international power. China's difficulty in dealing with regional and World Affairs, there is no "voice", can't even defend their real interests. Not satisfied with being an economic giant in China, but in the field of international law is a dwarf, this image is not the ultimate goal of China's development. In order to become a world-class legal powers, you must first solve the problem of how to reach mutual understanding with the world.

China's reform and opening up the world to a new understanding of China, and China through opening to learn more about the world. When the two "knowing" equilibrium is achieved when world peace and economic development, people live and work. When the two "know" when deviations, the world will become unpredictable and uncomfortable atmosphere. After years of experience exchange, people finally found out, only mutual understanding is easy to do, and to achieve genuine mutual "understanding" is the most important issue. Now many international conflicts, the root cause is not lack of "understanding", but the lack of "understanding" on the basis of "understand". Therefore, conflicts frequently and put off. Led to a more intense conflict. This is called "understanding understanding" old topic.

Obviously, strengthen State and country, between people and between "knowing" and achieve a higher degree of "understood" how important it is. Because it was found that "understood" seems better than "know" is more difficult. Because this requires contradiction in promoting mutual understanding of the parties and to spend more time promoting mutual "understanding" and find common interests, excluding interests opposing points, reaching "mutual understanding" to resolve conflicts with decisive effect. We know that "get it" merely superficial, superficial, and sensual, and "understanding" is real, deep and rational communication. "Understand" is the important prerequisite to ensure problem solving.

In the face of the South China Sea dispute, we did find that the national legal profession and their understanding of international law in China there is a huge difference. In the South China Sea issue the parties involved to the point of "knowing", but it was found that this "understanding" does not seem to be the solution to provide an effective solution to the problem, but there was a strange phenomena: their views throw more trust and less voice, the greater, the results will be poor. At this time, we need to calm down to carefully consider how to "understand" something more on the actual, reliable and effective efforts.

But the United States and the Philippines, as well as other foreign countries are just "know" China's reasonable requests made in a South China Sea Island, but don't "understand" the heavy history behind this requirement and cannot shirk its responsibility.

Within countries such as Philippines, China expressed concern about the South China Sea Islands was "know", but also "fully understood" their ideas and plans. Expected by some people in these countries can create additional conflicts, increasing cost and obstacles of China's peaceful development. Some ideas are impractical, neither to get consultations with China, also sat down did not comply with historical facts and relevant dialogue. The results, to complicate simple issues, international, long-term. Could have been discussed, negotiated settlement of the problem in the Philippines, a racetrack to disrupt the roots, lost the best time to solve. Distorted the law here, the dignity of the law and was seriously tarnished.

Surface of the South China Sea dispute was a territorial dispute, in essence it was a legal battle arena. Who have mastered the power of interpretation of law, who is likely to get the most benefit. So we should put into the process of the settlement of disputes in the South China Sea of universal international law class, so that more Chinese people are concerned with international law. At this point may wish to use United States experience and role.

United States in the modern history of China and once played "mediation" and "bridge" role. In the second world war, helped China's resistance against Japan; internal once before the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang in China reached "mutual understanding", once United against Japan, is pushing to form a "coalition Government" and delay the outbreak of the civil war. Especially at the beginning of China's reform and opening, United States indeed provide a variety of support for China's economic development, communication between China and the West "bridge". This shows that as long as both sides make it real "mutual understanding", the former ideological rivals can also become partners, will not solve the problem.

In the South China Sea issue, United States to do more, do better, more constructive, and can become the communication between China and the Philippines "mutual understanding" new "bridge", in particular in the implementation of international law in the process, helped China's support in international law, not law. My suggestions are:

1. the International Tribunal in the Hague this time losing credibility by its conduct, does not itself act according to international law, judges in the formation of the arbitral tribunal and arrangements, and the process for consideration of the complaint is contrary to the General legal rule, principle of legal justice, but to act in accordance with international law, China, very unreasonable indeed. In this case, within the framework of the United Nations to establish an International Tribunal, as a complement to the International Tribunal in the Hague, is indeed an noteworthy proposals.

Upon the establishment of the International Tribunal in the Hague there are few members of the United Nations, and the United Nations now has expanded to more than more than 200, only to have an International Tribunal in the Hague was clearly its ambition, time to add a not as much. At least people can have one more choice before the law.

From this arbitration case can realize China's influence in the field of international law is very small. It tells us that only in the economic, financial, technological and manufacturing became a world power, does not have a real sense of power, only in the area of international law have the right to interpret, discretion and judgment when China has the influence of world powers. Otherwise, at best, only a world of "migrant" status.

Irony is, as a defeated power, Japan is in the occupies a role on the stage of international law, it is worth pondering.

2. Dai bingguo recently in the United States spoke expressed the hope that the Philippines China repeated the facts to resolve their differences through negotiation, on their own initiative to cancel the decision of the Arbitration Tribunal in the Hague, and conducive to the future demand from China continues to take control of their own interests through negotiations.

In this issue, United States should give a positive response, United States and the international community, the international judicial community should unite to call for, for the world of Justice and peace in the future, asking the International Court at the Hague immediately to release "the arbitration decision" in time. This is called "the precipice". Dialogue, negotiation opportunities for the parties. Once the rush announced that would seriously undermine the unity of international law, authority and credibility. And it creates a bad precedent: no country can unilaterally initiate arbitration proceedings and any court can "take" for so-called arbitration, which left many hazards to the peaceful settlement of international disputes, will become the new troublemaker in the future. So, must try to terminate the unlawful arbitration to continue to avoid new conflicts of international disputes.

3. If you are unable to stop the functioning of the arbitral tribunal, so to do from a legal area of Chinese law, China protested, declaring the arbitration law was invalid, and reserves to participate in the arbitration case to the Hague International Court of arbitration the right to call into question the qualifications of members of the judiciary. Because they abused the power and adds uncertainty to the settlement of disputes in the world of the future.

One can prove that the Hague Tribunal is neither serious nor serious. For example, unilateral arbitration proposed in the Philippines is still underway, but "arbitration" content appears to be Japan, United States, the Philippines and other countries predicted, this is very normal, very serious, very serious, more proof that the International Tribunal in the Hague has become a political tool of a few States, a handful of country under international law "tea". This is the Tribunal's credibility and execution extremely serious injuries.

Was announced by the International Court at the Hague to cancel a decision, is an urgent and effective contribution to give countries concerned the opportunity, there sit down and Exchange, to reach the final of "mutual understanding" will be able to obtain more positive results than forced to announce unilateral decisions, is a win-win option.

China, the United States, the Philippines and the international legal profession to one that history will remember us for the efforts and contributions. It needs between the respective interests of all countries concerned, in particular really "understand" is likely to succeed. (Welcome to the NPC et Sina weibo: @ NPC et micro public number: rdcy2013)

Responsible editor: Wang Hao

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刘志勤：中国要努力成为国际法强国 _新闻资讯

　　作者刘志勤系中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员，本文刊于7月7日环球网首页。

　　最近闹得沸沸扬扬的南海仲裁案，让中国人民突然意识到，中国不能只是一个经济大国，还必须先成为一个国际法强国。否则中国难以在处理地区性和世界性事 务时没有“发声”，甚至无法维护自身的实际利益。中国不能满足于做一个经济巨人，但在国际法领域却是个矮人，这个形象绝不是中国发展的最终目标。而要想成 为世界级法律大国，必须先解决如何与世界达到相互理解的问题。

　　中国的改革开放让世界了解到一个新的中国，而中国也通过对外开放，更多的了解了世界。当这两个“了解”达到平衡点的时候，世界就太平，经济就发展，人 们就安居乐业。当这两个“了解”产生偏差时，世界将变得不可捉摸，充满令人不安的气氛。经历多年的磨练交流，人们终于发现，仅仅做到相互了解是容易的事， 而要达到真正的相互“理解”才是最重要的问题。现在的许多国际矛盾，根子并不是双方缺乏“了解”，而是缺乏在“了解”基础上的“理解”。所以，矛盾频繁， 久拖不决。以致产生更激烈的矛盾。这就是所谓的“了解易，理解难”古老话题。

　　可见，加强国与国，民与民之间的相互“了解”并达到更高的“理解”是多么重要。因为人们发现，“理解”似乎比“了解”更难。因为这就需要矛盾各方在促 进相互了解的同时要花费更多的精力增进相互“理解”，找到利益共同点，排除利益对立点，对于达到“相互理解”解决矛盾具有决定性功效。我们知道，“了解” 可能只是表面的，肤浅的，和感性的；而“理解”才是实质的，深层的和理性的沟通。做到“相互理解”才是保证问题解决的重要前提。

　　在面对南海争议时，我们确实发现国家法律界和中国对各自对国际法的理解存在巨大差异。在南海问题涉事各方对问题的“了解”不少，但是人们发现，这种 “了解”似乎并没有对问题的解决提供有效解决方案，反而出现了一个奇怪的现象：各自观点抛出越多，互信越少；嗓门越大，效果越差。这时，就需要我们各方静 下心来，仔细考虑一下，如何在相互“理解”上多下些实际，可靠和有效的努力。

　　可是美国和菲律宾，以及其它域外国家只是“了解”中国对南海岛礁提出的合理要求，却不“理解”这种要求背后的沉重历史和无法推卸的责任。

　　中国对菲律宾等域内国家表示出对有关南海岛礁的关注十分“了解”，而且也充分“理解”它们心中的想法和打算。这些国家的部分人士期望能够制造一些额外 矛盾，增加中国和平发展的成本与障碍。有些想法十分不合实际，既没有和中国好好协商，也没有遵照历史事实坐下来和有关方对话讨论。结果，把简单问题复杂 化，国际化，长期化了。原本可以通过讨论，谈判解决的问题被菲律宾的胡搅蛮缠，打乱根基，失去解决的最好时机。在这里法律被严重扭曲，法律尊严和严肃被玷 污。

　　南海争议表面看是个领土争议，实质上它也是个法律争斗舞台。谁掌握了法律解释权，谁就可能获得最大利益。所以我们应当把这次南海争议的解决过程变成普及国际法的课堂，让更多的中国人关注国际法。在这一点上不妨巧用美国的经验和作用。

　　美国在近代史上对中国事务曾经扮演过“调停”和“桥梁”的作用。在二次大战中，帮助中国抗日；在中国爆发内在之前曾经让中国共产党与国民党达成“相互 理解”，一度联合抗日，极力推动组建“联合政府”并拖延了内战的爆发。特别是在中国改革开放初始，美国的确为中国的经济发展提供了多种支持，成为中国与西 方的沟通的“桥梁”。这表明，只要双方做到真正的“相互理解”，昔日的意识形态对手也可以成为合作伙伴，就没有解决不了的问题。

　　在南海问题上，美国能够做得更多，做得更好，更具有建设性，能够成为沟通中国与菲律宾“相互理解”的新的“桥梁”，特别是在推行国际法过程中，帮助中国获得国际法的支持，而不是拉法律偏架。我的具体建议是：

　　1.海牙国际法庭这一次以自己的行为失去公信力，本身不按国际通法办事，在组建仲裁庭和安排法官，以及对申诉过程进行审议时均违背一般的法律常规，丧 失法律公正的原则，却要中国依照国际法行事，确实很不讲理。在这种情况下，考虑在联合国框架内再设立一个国际法庭，作为海牙国际法庭的补充，确是一个值得 关注的提议。

　　海牙国际法庭成立时联合国的成员国还很少，而现在的联合国已经扩大到200多个，只有有一个海牙国际法庭显然有些力不从心，适时增加一个并不为多。至少人们可以在法律面前多一个选择。

　　从这次仲裁案可以体会到中国在国际法领域的影响力十分渺小。它告诉我们，中国仅仅在经济，金融，科技和制造方面成为世界强国，不具有真正意义上的强国 地位，只有在国际法领域拥有解释权，决定权和判决权时，中国才具备世界级强国的影响力。否则，充其量只是一个世界“打工者”的地位而已。

　　具有讽刺意味的是，作为战败国的日本却在国际法律的舞台上占有角色，值得深思。

　　2.戴秉国近日在美国发表讲话，提出希望菲律宾考虑中国反复提出的通过谈判解决分歧的事实，自己主动取消海牙仲裁法庭的裁决，有利于未来和中国继续通过谈判掌控各自利益需求。

　　在这个问题上，美国应当给予积极响应，美国和国际社会，国际司法界应当联合起来呼吁，为了世界未来的公平与和平，要求海牙国际法庭立即取消公布“仲裁 决定”还来得及。这叫“悬崖勒马”。把对话，谈判的机会留给当事国。否则一旦贸然公布，将严重破坏国际法的统一性，权威性和可信性。而且，这会产生一个恶 劣先例：任何国家都可以单方启动仲裁程序，而且任何法庭均可以“带病”进行所谓仲裁，这将给和平解决国际争端留下许多隐患，会成为未来新的麻烦制造者。所 以，必须尽力终止该非法仲裁继续进行，以避免引发新的国际纠纷冲突。

　　3.如果无法终止这个仲裁法庭的职能，那么中国要做好从法律领域提出中国的法律抗诉，宣布该仲裁违法无效，并保留针对参与此仲裁案的海牙国际仲裁法庭的司法人员的从业资格提出质疑的权利。因为他们滥用了法律的权力，给未来世界纷争的解决增加了不确定性。

　　有一例可以证明海牙国际法庭的做法既不严肃，也不认真。例如，菲律宾单方提出的仲裁还在进行中，可是“仲裁书”内容似乎已被日本，美国，菲律宾等国家 预知，这是极不正常，极不严肃，极不认真的行为，更证明海牙国际法庭已经成为少数国家的政治工具，成为少数国家玩弄国际法的“茶艺会”。而这是对国际法庭 的公信力和执行力极为严重的伤害。

　　让这次海牙国际法庭取消公布有关决定，是一个紧迫但是有效的贡献，让涉事国家有机会，有条件坐下来交流，达到最终“相互理解”一定可以获得比强行公布单方裁决结果更积极的效果，是一个全赢的选项。

　　中国、美国、菲律宾和国际法律界人士为此一搏，历史将记住我们为此所做的努力和贡献。这就尤其需要各国之间对各自利益关切点的真正“理解”，才有可能获得成功。(欢迎关注人大重阳新浪微博：@人大重阳，微信公众号：rdcy2013)

责任编辑：王浩成

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