Temple on the second September launch of Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft, launched in October | Temple on the second _ | | manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th news

AP Temple on the second space laboratory on 9th arrived in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, mark Temple on the second Shenzhou 11th manned missions into the implementation phase.

Temple on the second space laboratory on July 7 departure from Beijing. According to the China manned space engineering office, Temple on the second process has completed all preparation work before they go out, transported by railway, 9th security arrived in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, manned space launch site, final assembly and testing of the launch site.

It is understood that the Temple Mount second space laboratory space cold atomic clock, clearing 14 space applications such as quantum key distribution test loads, while carrying the Hong Kong secondary students in space science and technology design competition award-winning 3 pilot projects, plan to carry out science experiments in space activities.

At present, the launch site facilities and equipment in good condition, all the preparatory work is proceeding according to plan in an orderly manner. Launch second space laboratory's long second f T2 rocket, and launch manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th away long second-f 11 rocket, will be held in early August to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Completed factory testing of manned spacecraft, Shenzhou 11th mission has completed the astronaut crew will be selected, and ongoing task for intense training.

As planned, the temple on the second space laboratory will be launched in mid-September 2016, on-orbit testing and after the establishment of independent operating mode, ready for manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th visit preparation.

Temple on the second space laboratory

Design of on-orbit life of 2 years

The main task

? Manned and cargo spacecraft interview

? Check verify that astronauts medium-term resident

? Adding space stations such as the propellant engineering related key technologies

? And development of aerospace medicine, space science and space technology experiments

? Maintenance testing and technical validation of the space station in orbit testing

Composition

Lab and resource-two-class configuration

Load

Loading space cold atomic clock, clearing 14 space applications such as quantum key distribution test load

14 experiments in space

Temple on the second to carry out various experiments to achieve the unprecedented 14 while carrying the Hong Kong secondary students in space science and technology design competition award-winning 3 pilot projects, plan to carry out science experiments in space activities, the busiest space of China's manned space laboratory. Content involving microgravity fundamental physics, space material science, space life science and other fields. Among them, the two need to be directly involved in the operation of the astronauts. There is an international cooperation in joint research projects. Temple on the second for China to build a space station in advancing the associated technical validation.

World's first space cooling of atomic clocks

Temple on the second will carry the world's first cold atomic clocks was launched by space micro-gravity conditions, stability will be up to 10-16.

Ultra high-precision atomic clocks, is a key technology areas such as satellite navigation. Basic principles of satellite navigation is, precise measurement of microwave signals from satellites to reach the destination for the time available the exact distance between the satellites and the target. Therefore, the precision of measurement of time, directly affect the positioning accuracy.

Currently on the GPS and compass to use atomic clocks accuracy only to the nanosecond (10-9 seconds) level, so the accuracy of civilian GPS navigation in more than 10 meters. "The space cold atomic clock" experiment if successful, the spacecraft autonomous timekeeping accuracy can be two orders of magnitude, or the "Beidou" centimeters of accuracy.

　　Open space quantum key distribution experiment

In August this year, China will launch the world's first quantum scientific experiment satellite, and in between the satellite and the ground for the first time in the world of quantum communication, to construct a quantum security communication and scientific experiments of integrated vehicle and ground systems.

Quantum communication key: key (encryption, decryption keys) experiment will take the temple on the second space laboratory, the God experiment. This means, the world's first absolutely will not be cut, broken, being copied secret, will be born.

Quantum communication method, principle, ensure that the authentication, transmission encryption and digital signatures, unconditionally secure, but fundamentally, permanent address information security issues.

Shenzhou 11th, spacecraft will contains 2 name male astronaut, and Temple second, completed docking, and in space resides 30 days; select rice and intends South mustard, for "from seed to seed" of plant full birth development process experiment; carrying in the Swiss development of gamma horse storm detection equipment, volume universe gamma horse storm Ray and scattering State, research universe origin; material preparation test, research Nano composite optical material, and high performance thermoelectric conversion material, and high performance alloy material,; with Temple second, with launch of with fly small satellite, Separation processes will also be near-distance Imaging observations · · · · · ·

These tests not only has a high scientific potential, more likely in the future of China's space technology has brought new impetus

Decrypt

"Temple on the second" is said to be China's first real space laboratory. So, it's launch in 2011, "the temple on the first" what's the difference? And what technical breakthrough?

Temple first VS Temple on the second

Temple on the second plan in mid-September launch

Tasks

Load

As planned, the temple on the second space laboratory will be launched in mid-September, on-orbit testing and after the establishment of independent operating mode, ready for manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th visit preparation. Plans to launch space station core module for experimental work before and after 2018, 2022 to complete space station construction work. By 2020, China plans initially to complete construction of the space station.

Temple on the first

Is the target aircraft, primarily and manned with the completion of space rendezvous and docking mission

China's first low Earth orbit manned devices with large, long life, and designed to last 2 years. The entire aircraft weighs 8 tons, with a total length of 10.4 meters, cabin structure of a maximum diameter of 3.35 meters, two-class structure, two segments are called the experiment, resource class, also known as the front and back

This year China's launch

Is China's first manned space laboratory with added space capabilities, will verify that the medium-term presence of the astronauts and other space station construction and operation of a key technology, breakthrough and grasp the cargo spacecraft rendezvous and docking, as well as adding technologies such as the propellant, and conduct space science experiments for the system to provide greater load support. Will also carry out maintenance in space experiments for the future space station operation and maintenance experience

On the appearance and "temple on the first", or in resource and module consisting of two class structures, but the content has changed a lot. As opposed to the "temple on the first", "temple on the second" aboard the new support of the space application system load equipment, auxiliary equipment number and installation complexity has created the longest previous manned spacecraft mission

The June 25

China's seventh launch vehicle

In mid-September

Temple on the second

The end of September to early October

China's fifth launch vehicle

In mid-October

Manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th

Temple on the second

? Hydraulic circuit verification system was set up for the first time, will verify that the space station maintenance technology

? Equipped with a robotic arm operation Terminal tester for the first time, will be carried out for the first time the Chinese cooperative space on-orbit maintenance test for future space station missions providing technical reserves

? The modular design of the system for the first time, which means that it can be quickly replaced when problems occur, and on-orbit maintenance

Finishing/Zhou Ju drawing/Yu Feng Duan Lili

Responsible editor: Chen yan SN225

Article keywords:
Temple on the second manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th

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天宫二号9月发射 神舟十一载人飞船号10月发射|天宫二号|载人飞船|神舟十一号_新闻资讯

　　据新华社电 天宫二号空间实验室9日安全运抵酒泉卫星发射中心，标志着天宫二号与神舟十一号载人飞行任务进入实施阶段。

　　天宫二号空间实验室是7月7日从北京启运的。据中国载人航天工程办公室介绍，天宫二号按流程完成了出厂前所有研制工作，经铁路运输，于9日安全运抵酒泉卫星发射中心载人航天发射场，开展发射场区总装和测试工作。

　　据了解，天宫二号空间实验室装载了空间冷原子钟、空地量子密钥分配试验等14项空间应用载荷，同时搭载了香港中学生太空科技设计大赛获奖的3个实验项目，计划在太空开展科普实验活动。

　　目前，发射场设施设备状态良好，各项准备工作正按计划有序进行。发射天宫二号空间实验室的长征二号F T2火箭，以及发射神舟十一号载人飞船的长征二号F遥十一火箭，将于8月上旬运往酒泉卫星发射中心。神舟十一号载人飞船已完成出厂测试，执行任务的航天员乘组已完成定选，正在进行任务强化训练。

　　按计划，天宫二号空间实验室将于2016年9月中旬发射，之后开展在轨测试并建立自主运行模式，做好迎接神舟十一号载人飞船访问的准备。

　　天宫二号空间实验室

　　设计在轨寿命 2年

　　主要任务

　　·接受载人飞船和货运飞船访问

　　·考核验证航天员中期驻留

　　·推进剂补加等空间站工程相关关键技术

　　·并开展航天医学、空间科学实验和空间应用技术试验

　　·在轨维修试验和空间站技术验证试验

　　组成

　　采用实验舱和资源舱两舱构型

　　载荷

　　装载了空间冷原子钟、空地量子密钥分配试验等14项空间应用载荷

　　在太空进行14项实验

　　天宫二号上要进行的各类实验达到了史无前例的14项，同时搭载了香港中学生太空科技设计大赛获奖的3个实验项目，计划在太空开展科普实验活动，堪称中国载人航天最忙碌的空间实验室。内容涉及微重力基础物理，空间材料科学，空间生命科学等多个领域。其中，有两项需要航天员直接参与操作。有一项是国际合作联合研究的项目。天宫二号将为中国建造空间站提前开展相关技术验证。

　　全球首台空间冷原子钟

　　天宫二号将搭载全球第一台冷原子钟升空，利用太空微重力条件，稳定度将高达10的负16次方。

　　超高精度的原子钟，是卫星导航等领域的关键核心技术。卫星导航的基本原理是，精确测量微波信号从卫星到达目标所用的时间，可得卫星和目标之间的准确距离。因此，测量时间的精度，直接影响定位准确度。

　　目前GPS和北斗上使用的原子钟，精度仅到纳秒（10的负9次方秒）级，故民用GPS的导航精度在十几米左右。“空间冷原子钟”试验若成功，可以将航天器自主守时精度提高两个数量级，或将使“北斗导航”的精度达到厘米级。

　　空地量子密钥分发试验

　　今年8月，中国将发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星，并在世界上首次实现卫星和地面之间的量子通信，构建一个天地一体化的量子保密通信与科学实验体系。

　　量子通信的核心环节：密钥（加密、解密的钥匙）传输实验，将搭乘天宫二号空间实验室，上天展开实验。这意味着，世界上首封绝对不会被截、被破、被复制的密信，将要诞生。

　　量子通信方式，从原理上确保身份认证、传输加密以及数字签名等的无条件安全，可从根本上、永久性解决信息安全问题。

　　神舟十一号飞船将载2名男航天员，与天宫二号完成对接，并在太空驻留30天；选择水稻和拟南芥，进行“从种子到种子”的植物全生育发展过程实验；搭载中瑞研制的伽马暴探测设备，量宇宙伽马暴射线和散射状态，研究宇宙起源；材料制备试验，研究纳米复合光学材料、高性能热电转换材料、高性能合金材料等；同天宫二号一起升空的伴飞小卫星，还将对分离释放过程进行近距离成像观测······

　　这些试验不仅具有很高的科学研究价值，更有可能在未来对中国的航天技术带来新的推动

　　解密

　　“天宫二号”被称为是中国首个真正意义上的空间实验室。那么，它与中国2011年发射的“天宫一号”有什么不同？又有哪些技术上的突破呢？

　　天宫一号VS天宫二号

　　天宫二号计划9月中旬升空

　　任务不同

　　载荷不同

　　按计划，天宫二号空间实验室将于今年9月中旬发射，之后开展在轨测试并建立自主运行模式，做好迎接神舟十一号载人飞船访问的准备。计划2018年前后发射空间站核心舱进行实验工作，2022年前后完成空间站建设工作。2020年之前，中国计划初步完成空间站建设。

　　天宫一号

　　是目标飞行器，主要是和载人飞船配合完成空间交会对接实验任务

　　中国第一个低轨道、长寿命的大型载人航天器，设计寿命为2年。整个飞行器重8吨多，总长度10.4米，舱体结构最大直径3.35米，分两舱结构，两个舱段分别称为实验舱、资源舱，也称为前舱和后舱

　　今年中国的发射任务

　　是中国第一个具备太空补加功能的载人航天实验室，将验证航天员中期驻留等空间站建造与运营的关键技术，突破和掌握货运飞船交会对接以及推进剂补加等技术，并为系统开展空间科学实验提供更强的载荷支持能力。还将开展太空维修实验，为未来的空间站运营维护提供经验

　　外形上看和“天宫一号”差不多，还是以资源舱和实验舱组成的两舱结构，但它里面的内容变化很大。相对于“天宫一号”，“天宫二号”上搭载了全新配套的空间应用系统载荷设备，无论配套设备数量还是安装复杂度均创造了历次载人航天器任务之最

　　6月25日

　　中国长征七号运载火箭

　　9月中旬

　　天宫二号

　　9月底至10月初

　　中国长征五号运载火箭

　　10月中旬

　　神舟十一号载人飞船

　　天宫二号

　　·首次搭建了液体回路验证系统，将验证空间站维修技术

　　·首次搭载了机械臂操作终端试验器，将第一次开展中国人机协同太空在轨维修试验，为以后空间站任务提供技术储备

　　·首次系统设计模块化，也就是说它出现问题时可以快速更换和在轨维修

　　整理/周炬 制图/喻峰 段莉莉

责任编辑：陈琰 SN225

文章关键词：
天宫二号 载人飞船 神舟十一号

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