Chinese mushroom King born: years sold 100,000 tons, worth 4 billion-mushroom-IT information
Founders become worth 4 billion by selling mushrooms of the rich.
On May 4, 2016, the suburb called "Ficus snow creature" companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, no doubt, open up 44%. At present, the company's total market value of 10.7 billion yuan, will soon catch up once the ghost shares "storm technology."
Ficus snow creature's full name "banyan tree Shanghai snow Biotech Corporation", just hearing the name bluffing, this name with a "bio-tech" enterprise who is bearing the words? Gene sequencing, seed production, and new drug research and development? In fact, on the not so tall, which is a manufacturer of mushroom-oriented company. Yes, is widespread in the hot pot, spicy mushroom.
According to the official statement, snow Yung main edible fungus development, factory farming and sales, the main products include mushrooms, hypsizygus marmoreus and shiitake mushrooms, and so on. Which is lower, in the company's total revenue, more than 77.66% from Flammulina velutipes.
The one of a mushroom sells listed companies in 2015, produces more than 100,000 tons of edible fungi, revenues of 1.019 billion yuan, 123.35 million yuan in net profit, is the largest mushroom producer. What is this concept? Are you eat mushrooms, may have a root is that they produce.
Selling mushroom biotechnology company
Snow tree biology was established in the 90 's of the last century, after 2000 years of legal persons into Yang Yongping, he is a former Jilin provincial people's Congress, well versed in the book, has been awarded the outstanding young Township entrepreneurs. Now, the snow tree biology 40% shares held by Yang, a net worth of over 4 billion yuan.
Ficus then snow foreign flavor than it is now, is a vegetable cultivation, processing and exporting enterprises to help tens of thousands of farmers rich. Exports to destinations across the sea of Japan, due to being Japan's export trade barriers, snow Banyan switch to agricultural commodity producers and suppliers. In 2008, Ficus snow stop vegetable business altogether and concentrate on production of edible fungi, also returned home from overseas markets.
Obviously as you can see, from the history to the present, snow tree is a "selling vegetables" of the company.
Ficus snow research is quite limited, its researchers a total of only 16 people, undergraduates are in the majority, 2015 r totals less than 3 million Yuan. And those who often compared to the hundreds of millions of research and development of biotechnology companies, is simply too small.
In fact, finc bio-tech, bright senyuan biotechnology, Galaxy biotechnology company, PA to "bio-tech" skin, are actually selling mushrooms.
Figs are a unique stunt-with the snow liquid spawn of edible fungi production. In mushrooms, for example, produce more solid strain of Flammulina velutipes liquid strains producing mushrooms, not only better quality, solid production cycles and strain bacteria reducing the 47-69 days, cultivated culture bacteria and produce mushrooms shortened the cycle more solid strain of about? 7-13? day, shortening the whole cycle of about? 54-82?. Banyan tree in the snow, Flammulina velutipes cultivation cycle about? 48-51 day, selling 7 times per year.
Mushroom circle there is a concept called bio-conversion rate, which is what the hell? Is one catty bacteria stick how many pounds can grow mushrooms, this conversion rate reflects a company's overall ability. In 2012, the international leading enterprises of Flammulina velutipes bioconversion rate was 140%, my average is 90%, Ficus and snow conversion rate is 150%, in other words is to pound the ingredients, you can grow 1.5 pounds of mushrooms.
Power consumption of 140 million a year
Mushroom something with potatoes, which can grow to Heilongjiang in the North, South to Guangdong, Yunnan, and westward to Xinjiang, Eastern Jiangsu, can grow a handful of mushrooms.
But to grow, quality assurance and production were not so easy, you really think take a plastic bag, put some strains can grow mushrooms in the corner?
Snow tree defines itself as factory production. Stress factory, because production of mushrooms-there are a lot of small family factory approach, which is part of mushroom production accounts for most of China's production.
Workshops generally in plastic bags for the culture container, blending, bagging, sterilization, inoculation was carried out through a simple manual or mechanical. This approach has drawbacks, and farmers by simple thermal insulation and refrigeration equipment, reducing the influence of ambient temperature on cultivation of Flammulina velutipes, extending the availability of products. But because of the facilities and equipment put into small, greenhouses and simple temperature regulation of the plants is relatively weak, God a little face, hard in the early estimates were in vain.
Back again a cooperative or "company plus farmers" pattern, provide bacteria, farmers are responsible for growing, mature sold back to enterprise. This practice does not only exist in the mushroom industry, other crops also have reference. This did not solve the problem of efficiency and quality.
Snow of the Ficus plant is used in cultivation, which is Banyan tree snow touted biotech an important reason. Mushroom slim, but also delicate. Factory production according to fungus growth needs, by means of temperature control, humidity control, wind control, light control devices, artificial ecological environment, are not subject to external environmental impact, were stable in production all year round. Cultivation ways is through machinery for bottling, sterilization, inoculation, automatic mechanical scratching bacteria, training rooms, maternity room using standard air conditioning plant, in addition to the fungus part, harvest is also mechanical equipment automation.
Prospectus Ficus through snow, entrepreneur &i dark horse sees a set of interesting digital-Ficus-snow in there are 633 birth room, 800,000 bottles a day available for harvesting of edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes 405 g/365 grams per bottle, hypsizygus marmoreus 230 grams.
You may not think that snow Yung money largest local electricity, Shanghai Municipal electric power company had occupied Banyan tree snow costs top for three consecutive years, 2015 snow tree need to pay the power company 31.7575 million electricity. In 2015, the snow Yung 138.89 million kWh of electricity consumed, mainly used in refrigeration, lighting, and equipment in the production process also consumes 2.7056 million cubic meters of natural gas, used in the production process of high temperature sterilization. In 2015, the Banyan tree snow mushrooms need to pay electricity and gas fees total up to 69.6842 million Yuan.
95% going to the farmer's market
Produced, why sell? Such a large amount of not one or two street vendors can digest, mainly through layer after layer of distributors. Ficus snow of 79 sales personnel, at the level of the country's 52 agricultural products wholesale market has set up distribution points, to downstream distributors through dealerships, retail stores and supermarkets, and ultimately to arrive at Foodie's stomach. Which sales channels accounted for 95% of the total sales.
In 2012, the snow tree begin to exert commercial catering and sales network, and a small amount of sales directly to the supermarkets chain and Internet customers, and these high profit, but sales were low. Currently snow tree has 46 direct channel customers, which sold 5% less than per cent of overall sales.
Banyan shares disclosed according to snow, 2013-2015, the average selling price is 7.52 per kilogram of Flammulina velutipes, 6.66, 6.40, mushroom price decline is, mushroom production of low threshold, see money up en masse, while the 2014 national edible fungi industrial production enterprises reached 729 in 2008, representing its 186 291.94%.
Goods sold, how settlement money? Dealer through his work in sales reported to the company's sales center, Marketing Center according to the number of actual production and distribution planning, give dealers the products. You are no more, out of stock. In General, distribution of larger customers to allow a certain amount of credit line – is what we usually call the credit. Others only pay shipping. Want credit? Doors are wood. Four years before 2015, Ficus snow accounts receivable were 2,310.10,000 yuan, 2,439.500,000, 1,650.950,000 yuan, and 2,023.90,000 yuan.
"Company" how to make money
Although soil, but Banyan is definitely a company to make money.
By the securities agency PE values data generally between 20 to 30 times, Banyan tree and snow now has more than 45 times the PE values. Share price reasonable intervals were forecast at between 20 and 40, but Banyan's shares had reached 71, red all the way.
China, of course, big, eat as much, a Ficus mushroom not only snow. As early as 2010, Galaxy biotech, a Guangdong enterprises ' listing on the gem, Banyan tree's current market value and yield only snow less than half.
Are mushrooms, difference is why is it so big? Mainly because both size of gap. Of course, as the perennial loss of stock, need to remind you of is that in the vagaries of a-shares, shares tend to be hyped by the shareholders for no apparent reason.
However, the popular Ficus snow is not unwarranted, at least judging from the corporate financial data, they also profit year after year. 2012 to 2015, revenues were 480 million Yuan, 770 million Yuan, 880 million Yuan, 1.019 billion yuan, the corresponding net profit was 69 million Yuan, 78 million Yuan, 97 million Yuan, 123.35 million Yuan.
In addition to profits, snow tree in the mushroom industry, other indicators also occupy an absolute advantage.
Is a large output. Nissan of Flammulina velutipes 304 tons, Nissan 26 tons of hypsizigus marmoreus, mushroom day 130 tons, a total of 460 tons. Alas, how many chicken stew!
Second, production layout widely, the sales network all over the country. Ficus is headquartered in the suburbs of the snow, but it to the country beginning in 2009, apart from Shanghai, production bases across dujiangyan, Sichuan, Jilin, Changchun, Shandong province, Huizhou, Guangdong, Guizhou bijie, which basically covered the national market.
Three is the technology leader. Despite the ridicule of the bio-tech, but within the family circle, Ficus snow was big brother's roles, has its own technological advantages, including using liquid bacteria instead of solid strains, shorten the product life cycle, and so on.
Of course, the mushroom business is not without its risks.
Although the production region wide, but the same season each year warm climate in the first half, centralized listing of Flammulina velutipes and the cold weather in the second half, reduced supply, ready to eat but sales soared. Can have a brain supplement, on a snowy night, gathered around the hearth brush fire pot is a wonderful experience. Mushroom hot pot dishes, by the foodie favorite. As a result, winter mushroom prices are often much higher than the summer.
Also note that is, snow tree most of the revenue comes from this single species of Flammulina velutipes. This is not very good, in case one day national baby unhappy, don't eat mushrooms, snow tree you're in big trouble.
中国金针菇之王诞生：年卖10万吨，身家40亿 - 金针菇 - IT资讯
创始人靠卖金针菇成为身家40亿的富豪。
2016年5月4日，上海郊区的一家叫“雪榕生物”的企业在深圳证券交易所挂牌上市，毫无悬念，开盘大涨44%。目前该公司总市值达到107亿元，很快就要追上曾经的妖股“暴风科技”了。
雪榕生物的全名叫“上海雪榕生物科技股份有限公司”，光听名字怪唬人的，这家名中带有“生物科技”字样的企业是何方神圣？是基因测序、种子培育，还是新药研发？实际上，并没有如此高大上，这是一家生产金针菇为主的公司。对，就是广泛出现在火锅、麻辣烫里的金针菇。
据其官方陈述，雪榕主营食用菌的研发、工厂化种植与销售，主要产品包括金针菇、真姬菇和香菇等等。后两者占比较低，该公司总营收中，77.66%以上来自金针菇。
这家靠一根一根金针菇卖上市的企业，2015年食用菌年产量超过10万吨，营收10.19亿元，净利润12335万元，是国内最大的金针菇生产商。这是什么概念？就是你平时吃的金针菇里，可能有一根就是它们家生产的。
卖金针菇的生物科技公司
雪榕生物成立于上世纪九十年代，2000年之后法人变为杨勇萍，他曾是吉林省人大代表，精通《周易》，曾被授予全国优秀青年乡镇企业家。现在，持有雪榕生物40%股份的杨，身家超40亿元。
那时候的雪榕比现在洋气，还是一家蔬菜种植、加工出口型企业，帮助数万农户发家致富。而出口目的地是隔海相望的日本，后因遭到日本的出口贸易壁垒，雪榕转做大宗农产品的生产商和供应商。2008年，雪榕干脆把蔬菜业务停了，专心生产食用菌，市场也基本从海外回到国内。
明显可以看到，从历史到现在，雪榕都是一家“卖菜”的公司。
雪榕的研发投入相当有限，其科研人员总共才16人，本科以下占多数，2015年研发投入总计不到300万元。与那些动辄数亿研发经费的生物科技公司相比，简直太少了。
事实上，丰科生物科技、光明森源生物科技、星河生物科技等公司，扒去“生物科技”的外皮，实际上都是卖蘑菇的。
雪榕有一门独门绝技——用液体菌种生产食用菌。以金针菇为例，采用液体菌种生产金针菇较采用固体菌种生产金针菇，不但品相更好，而且菌种生产周期较使用固体菌种减少了47-69天，栽培瓶培养发菌和生育出菇的周期较使用固体菌种缩短了约?7-13?天，整个周期缩短了约?54-82?天。在雪榕，金针菇栽培周期约为?48-51天，相当于一年卖7茬。
蘑菇圈内有一个叫生物转化率的概念，这是什么鬼？就是一斤重的菌棒能长出多少斤蘑菇来，这种转化率反映了一家企业的综合能力。2012年，国际领先企业的金针菇生物转化率为140%，我国的平均水平为90%，而雪榕的转化率达到了150%，换句话就是一斤的配料，能长出一点五斤的金针菇。
一年耗电1.4亿度
金针菇这玩意跟土豆一样，放哪都能生长，北到黑龙江，南到云南广东，西到新疆，东到江苏，都能长出一捧金针菇来。
但要种好，保证质量和产量可没那么容易，你真以为随便拿个塑料袋，装几把菌种放墙角就能长出金针菇来？
雪榕把自己定义为工厂化生产。之所以强调工厂化，是因为金针菇的生产还存在大量家庭小作坊式的做法，而这部分的金针菇产量占到了全中国国产量的大部分。
手工作坊一般以塑料袋为栽培容器，搅拌、装袋、灭菌、接种等都是通过人工或简单的机械进行。这种做法有弊端，农户通过简易的保温和制冷设备，减小了外界温度对金针菇栽培的影响，延长了产品的供应期。但由于设施设备投入小，大棚和简易厂房的温度调节能力相对较弱，老天稍一变脸，估计前期辛苦都得白费了。
后面又出来一种地区合作社或者“企业加农户”的模式，企业提供菌种，农户负责种植，成熟之后回头卖给企业。这种做法不仅存在于金针菇行业，其它的农作物也都有借鉴。这并没有从根本上解决效率和质量问题。
雪榕采用的是工厂化种植，这也是雪榕敢标榜生物科技企业的重要原因。别看金针菇身材纤细，但也是娇嫩得很。工厂化生产要按照菌类生长需要，通过温控、湿控、风控、光控设备，人工模拟生态环境，不受外界环境影响，一年四季均能稳定地进行生产。而栽培方式也是通过机械进行装瓶、灭菌、自动接种、机械搔菌，培养室、生育室都采用标准空调厂房，除了菌类的生长环节，采收也都是机械设备自动化操作。
通过雪榕的招股书，创业家&i黑马看到一组有趣的数字——雪榕在全国有633间生育室，每天有80万瓶食用菌可供采收，每瓶产出金针菇405克/365克，真姬菇230克。
你或许不会想到，雪榕花钱最大的地方居然是电费，上海市电力公司已经连续三年占据雪榕成本支出的首位，2015年雪榕需要支付该电力公司3175.75万元电费。2015年，雪榕消耗了1.3889亿度电，主要用于生产过程中的制冷、光照和设备运行；还消耗了270.56万立方米天然气，用于生产过程的高温消毒。2015年，雪榕生产金针菇需要支付的电费和天然气费用总计高达6968.42万元。
95%流向农贸市场
生产出来了，咋卖出去？这么大的量不可能一两家路边摊能够消化得了，主要是通过一层一层的经销商。雪榕有79名销售人员，在全国52个一级农副产品批发市场设立了经销点，通过经销点向下游的分销商、零售店和超市销售，最终才能到达吃货的胃里。而这种销售渠道占到了总销量的95%。
2012年，雪榕开始发力商超餐饮和网络销售，并少量向商超连锁以及互联网客户等直接销售，这些渠道利润高，但销量不大。目前雪榕共有直销渠道客户46家，这部分销量占总体销售额的5%不到。
据雪榕股份披露，2013年-2015年，金针菇每公斤平均售价分别为7.52元、6.66元、6.40元，金针菇价格连年下降的原因是，金针菇生产门槛低，看到赚钱，一窝蜂而上，同时2014年全国食用菌工厂化生产企业达到729家，较2008年的186家增长了291.94%。
货卖出去了，钱怎么结算？经销商通过所在大区的销售员上报给公司的营销中心，营销中心根据实际产量与分配规划给予经销商产品数量。就是你要多了不行，没货。通常，经销规模较大的优质客户允许一定的信用额度——就是我们通常所说的赊账。其余的人只能一手交钱，一手发货。想赊账？门都木有。2015年之前的四年时间，雪榕的应收账款分别为2,310.01万元、2,439.50万元、1,650.95万元和2,023.09万元。
“土公司”如何挣钱
尽管很土，但雪榕绝对是一家挣钱的公司。
根据证券机构给出的PE值，数据普遍在20到30倍之间，而雪榕现在的PE值已经超过了45倍。股价的合理区间被预测在20到40元之间，而雪榕目前的股价已经达到71元，一路飘红。
当然，中国之大，吃货之多，生产金针菇的也不仅雪榕一家。早在2010年，一家名为星河生物科技的广东企业在创业板上市，目前市值和产量都只有雪榕的一半不到。
同样是金针菇，差距咋就这么大？主要还是因为双方规模有差距。当然，作为常年亏损的股民，需要提醒大家的是，在变幻莫测的A股，新股往往会毫无理由的受到股民的热炒。
不过，雪榕受追捧并不是毫无道理，至少从该企业财务数据来看，人家也是连年盈利。2012年到2015年营业收入分别为4.8亿元、7.7亿元、8.8亿元、10.19亿元，对应的净利润分别为0.69亿元、0.78亿元、0.97亿元、1.2335亿元。
除了盈利，雪榕在金针菇行业里，其它指标也占据了绝对优势。
一是产量大。金针菇日产能304吨、真姬菇日产能26吨、香菇日产能130吨，合计460吨。唉，这得炖多少只小鸡啊！
二是生产布局广泛，销售网络遍布全国。雪榕虽然总部在上海郊区，但2009年开始就走向了全国，目前除了大上海，生产基地遍布四川都江堰、吉林长春、山东德州、广东惠州、贵州毕节等，这些地方基本覆盖了全国市场。
三是技术实力领先。尽管刚才吐槽了生物科技的说法，但在人家圈子内，雪榕还是大哥的角色，有自己的技术优势，包括使用液体菌种代替固体菌种，缩短产品生长周期等等。
当然，金针菇生意并非毫无风险。
虽然生产地域广泛，但同样分季节，每年上半年气候温暖，金针菇集中上市，而下半年天气冷，供应量减少，蠢蠢欲动的吃货却让销量猛增。可以脑补一下，在下雪的夜晚，围在火炉旁刷着火锅是多么美妙的体验。而金针菇又是火锅的必备菜品，深受吃货喜爱。于是乎，冬季金针菇的价格往往比夏季高了不少。
同时需要注意的是，雪榕的大部分收入来自于金针菇这单一品种。这就不是很妙，万一哪天全国宝宝不开心，都不吃金针菇了，雪榕的麻烦就大了。