Large users of micro-payments, that there are so many questions-micro-payments, micro, Tencent-IT information

First third party pays the sensitive time of the licence renewal is yet to fall, micro-payment is due to business or keep illegal and hidden risks and cause for concern. Earlier this month, the media exposed micro-payments for access to a large number of "two clear" institutions by the Chinese Central Bank requires rectification. On July 10, Beijing Branch (Shanghai) lawyer Wang Yuming reporting provisions implementing real-name system for micro-payments is not real name. In this regard, the app said in the China Business Journal reporter not responding. In the view of some in the industry, from the recent app distribution platforms and microne upgrade directions are not hard to see micro-payments of the more pressing issue is the reorganization because of too many businesses access money on agents "two clear" chaos, and the problem, if not properly addressed, did not rule out tougher punishment has even affected licence renewals.

The evening of July 14, the Chinese Central Bank report materials referred to in reply said it had received a letter, received payments of reported violations, will carry out investigation to verify, and in accordance with the laws and regulations for processing.

"Poisoned toe on the line"

China's Central Bank, the non-bank payment network payment services regulations (hereinafter referred to as the rules) officially began this month. 10th Beijing Branch (Shanghai) lawyer Wang Yuming to PBC and payment clearing Association reporting provisions implementing real-name system for micro-payments is not real name.

Contacted Wang Yuming received its report and related articles was deleted. Wang Yuming report found that micro-payments there are five point violation: 1. failing to arrange for customer payment services agreement; 2. failing to account for real-name authentication 3. transactions that exceed the statutory restrictions on type and amount of payment. 4. may, in the absence of the exemption conditions, bank accounts and payment of money transfers between accounts of different customers, 5. lack of effective elements of security validation, permit trading in excess amounts.

Wang Yuming noted that the test is not real-name account number is not bound to any bank card, without any identity verification name verification. During the test period, turned at least three accounts, 5 envelopes, not affected at all. Test app is still not real-name accounts receivable, daily payment limit for 3000 Yuan. Payments, external claims limit is 1000, but actual limits in fact, 2000, could continue to pay the next day.

Reported the letter, Wang Yuming believes that the new rules on Internet verifies customer identities put forward clear requirements in the financial sector, micro-payment when its use has not implemented the above-mentioned legal provisions and regulations, have been suspected of serious violations.

In a payments industry veteran who seems: these questions industry more generally, in the case of supervision has not been perfect, like PayPal and micro-letters there are some compliance defect, but is it against the Central Bank of China and the severity of the need for final judging.

In fact, this is not just a recent letter to pay the first "contact line". On July 2, the media showed regulators were thoroughly "two clear" market, and the micro-payment for access to a large number do not pay licence or acquiring the qualification of "two clearing bodies", has been the Central Bank requires rectification. Although this message and is not recognized by the company, but in the eyes of the industry, micro-payment in the last two years of rapid development, and agents of "two clear patterns of" tied up at the Association.

According to app, official data showed, currently has more than 5,000 service providers settled in the app. In late April, micro-publishing "spark program" plan during the one-year cumulative investment of 100 million Yuan, support micro-payment service provider. Public information display, the currently existing on the market to pay licence only 267 and offline merchant, Internet payments are required to hold different licences. Apparently, thousands of micro-payment interface is being used in most of the service providers do not have the relevant qualifications, is obviously "two clear".

"Two clear" chaos

Worth noting is that soon erupted in the rectification of the message, micro-operations. On July 5, micro-letter issued a public platform on the rebate cash back fraud notice, noting that users the use of chains is found, through the public accounts, micro-payment commit acts of high cash back rebate. Notice that "this behavior to a certain extent reflects the pyramid fraud, Ponzi schemes and other behaviors, is in essence a high cash back rebates to attract users, new users cash back rebate funds to cover the original user, formation of laminated money chain. ”

In the next two days, as the nation's largest app platform for public services, micro-Union on July 7, SDP (microne socialized distribution platform) upgrade notice and announced that it would upgrade limit micro-promotion Commission rate up to 50%, put an end to hefty rebates. And increase business support for free pay channels, while encouraging businesses to use their own micro-payment channels distribution settlement to settlement by the businesses themselves, microne provides transaction settlement data clearing settlement by the businesses themselves.

On July 11, said micro-letter derivative distribution platform will be taken "one size fits all", and refers to a grade I, grade II or grade III distribution, has been closing 3,000 micro-payment function of the Mall, causing micro-businesses in an uproar.

"From the upgrade can be seen more clearly in the direction of the Union, tiny letters move to distributing funds generated in the process of the reorganization, ' second ' chaos. "A payments industry veteran told reporters.

Currently, unlicensed third party payment market with "two clear" company exists. "Two clear" refers to the settlement of POS machine is not paid directly to tenants, but first settlements to individual or company without acquiring qualifications, then settlement to the merchant by the company or individuals. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently "two clear" company has more than 2000.

Practitioners according to a third-party payment institutions revealed that in recent years, in order to expand their business, micro-payment interfaces are open to too many agents. Micro-payment to an agent opened the letter payment interfaces, compliance in money between the two platform complete, but the development of two or three of the agents agents or when a merchant receipt and payment of funds will be concentrated to the agent's own account, and enters the account, at the agent level constitutes a "secondary settlements."

"In accordance with the paying customers reserve custody measures, businesses and consumers in money transfers, the funds, under strict supervision, but is not regulatory agency account, there are risks of misappropriation of business funds. "The operators said.

One micro-payments and PayPal's agent revealed that generally speaking, judge agents do is "clear" or "II clean" businesses can be identified from funds to accounts of the time. Clearing process is merchant and micro-payment entered into a payment agreement, rights and interests are protected by the paying agent. Customers spending money will usually arrive at the merchant account T+1. Handle "two clear" usually 3rd micro-payments into account, is the T+2, merchants of the money kept by someone one day.

In fact, the field of Internet "two clear" regulated value lies in its potential significant risk. The payments industry veteran told reporters before the first, "two Qing dynasty" will produce a lot of capital, with great run the risk of embezzlement or even agents. After including YeePay, third party payment companies have experienced similar events. Second, the qualifications of an agent more is no liquidation, liquidation and it could even be made through personal accounts of illegal settlements, which a lot of grey areas is likely to stay empty for the money-laundering and illegal transactions. In addition to "two clear" risk, app distribution model and there are risks such as Ponzi schemes. At present, micro-regulation is through the main cut off payments to deal with.

Special rectification

In fact, micro-payment of this round of contact line and improvement in a sensitive period. Earlier, the first 27 third-party, including money to pay licence renewals has been delayed in 2.5 months, all "unlicensed" State.

Has revealed that under the decision of the Central Bank to hand control of China "two clear" chaos, strict management of third party payment compliance issues, while scale prior to the completion of rectification, may not extend the licences for a new round. Practitioners of the aforementioned third party payment institutions, China's Central Bank is strike "two clear" chaos, on July 1 the purposes of classification of account balance limit new regulations targeting is to pay back small by nature, against the capital problem.

On April 14, the Chinese Organization 14 ministries of the State Council Conference calls, announced that it launched a nationwide rectification of the financial sector on the Internet, third party payment within the scope of regulation. In accordance with previous outflow of the rectification of non-bank institutions risk implementation plan provides for "two clear" behavior, will hold no serious authority, as well as for the Agency's illegal activities without a license to provide channel or interface of the relevant paying agent, commercial bank liabilities. In this regulatory trend, unlicensed derivative of the pay channel business drag and micro-payment platform and it could even "water".

On March 15, the Central Bank December 2015 to January 2016 checks on bank card acquiring outsourcing business briefings, including modern finance, controlling (Chengdu) Ltd head office and Qingdao branch, CITIC Bank, Shanghai Branch of several financial institutions, because of the capital "II clean" by the Chinese Central Bank requirement specifications, interfaces, and settlement, payment institutions are included in the monitored object.

The aforementioned payments industry veteran, in this context, micro-reorganization of distribution platform in the line have been self-evident. And has access to a large number of "two clear" institutions of micro-payment, must be related to modification of the action, in order to avoid suffering a similar punishment, properly completed licence renewal.

用户众多的微信支付，竟然有这么多问题 - 微信支付,微信,腾讯 - IT资讯

在首批第三方支付牌照续展迟迟未落地的敏感时期，微信支付却因业务或存违规及暗藏风险而引发关注。月初，有媒体曝出微信支付因接入大量“二清”机构而被中国中央银行要求整改。7月10日，北京盈科(上海)律师事务所律师王豫甲实名举报微信支付未按规定贯彻实名制。对此，微信方面在接受《中国经营报》记者采访时表示不便回应。在一些业内人士看来，从近期微信对分销平台和微盟升级方向不难看出，微信支付目前较为迫切的问题是整顿由于业务拓展接入过多代理上而产生的资金“二清”乱象，而这一问题如不妥善解决，不排除将面临更严厉处罚甚至影响牌照续展。

7月14日晚间，中国中央银行方面回复称已收到来函提及的举报材料，对于收到的支付结算违法违规行为举报，将进行调查核实，并依照法律法规进行处理。

频频“踩线”

中国中央银行《非银行支付机构网络支付业务管理办法》（以下简称《新规》）自本月正式开始执行。10日，北京盈科（上海）律师事务所律师王豫甲向中国人民银行和支付清算协会实名举报微信支付未按规定贯彻实名制。

记者联系到王豫甲获得其举报信及相关被删的文章。王豫甲在举报信中认为，微信支付主要存在五点违规：1.未依法安排客户签订支付服务协议；2.未依法对支付账户进行实名认证；3.处理交易超出法定的支付类型和金额限制。4.可能在不具备豁免条件下，为不同客户的银行账户与支付账户之间转账；5.安全验证的有效要素不足，超额准许交易金额。

王豫甲指出，其测试的未实名账号没有绑定任何银行卡，也没有经过任何身份证实名验证。在测试时段，至少转了三次账、发过5次红包，丝毫没有受到影响。经其测试，微信的未实名账户仍可以收款，单日收款限额为3000元。仍可付款，对外号称日限额为1000元，但实测日限额实为2000元，次日可以继续支付。

在举报信中，王豫甲认为，《新规》对互联网金融行业核实客户身份提出了明确的要求，但其使用时发现微信支付至今根本没有落实上述法律规定和监管规定，已经涉嫌严重违法违规。

在一位支付界资深人士看来：上述问题行业目前较为普遍，在监管尚未完善的情况下，类似支付宝和微信都会存在一定的合规瑕疵，但是否违规和其严重程度需要中国中央银行进行最终判定。

事实上，这不是近期微信支付的第一次“触线”。7月2日，有媒体曝出监管部门正在摸底“二清”市场，而微信支付因接入大量没有支付牌照或收单资质的“二清机构”，已被中国中央银行要求整改。虽然此消息并没有得到腾讯公司方面的承认，但在业内看来，微信支付在最近两年迅速发展，就与代理商的“二清模式”脱不开关联。

据此前微信官方数据显示，当前已有超过5000家服务商入驻微信。今年4月底，微信方面发布了“星火计划”，计划在为期一年的时间内累计投入1亿元，扶持微信支付的相关服务商。但公开信息显示，目前市场上现存的支付牌照机构只有267家，且线下收单、互联网支付均须持不同牌照。显然，正在使用微信支付接口的数千家服务商中大多数并无相关资质，是明显的“二清机构”。

“二清”乱象

值得注意的是，就在上述整改的消息曝出不久，微信既有所行动。7月5日，微信公众平台发布了一则《关于处理返利返现欺诈行为的公告》，指出发现有用户利用微信关系链，通过微信公众账号、微信支付实施高额返现返利行为。公告称“这种行为一定程度上体现了金字塔欺诈、庞氏骗局等行为特征，本质上是以高额返现返利吸引用户参与、以新人用户资金来支付原有用户的返现返利，形成压层式资金链条。”

在此后两天，作为国内最大的微信公众服务平台，微盟也于7月7日发布了SDP（微盟社会化分销平台）的升级公告，宣布将通过升级限制微客推广佣金比例最大为50%，杜绝高额返利的产生。并增加商户对自由支付通道的支持，同时鼓励商家使用自有微信支付通道；分销结算改由商家自行结算，微盟提供交易结算数据，结算由商家自行结算。

7月11日，有消息称微信将对微商分销平台采取“一刀切”，剑指一级、二级、三级分销，目前已关闭3000家微商城的支付功能，引发微商界哗然。

“其实从微盟的升级方向可以更加明确看出，微信此举要整顿的正是分销过程中产生的资金‘二清’乱象。”一位支付行业资深人士告诉记者。

目前，第三方支付市场无证经营多以“二清”公司的形式存在。“二清”是指POS机的结算款并非直接支付给商户，而是先结算给个人或无收单资质的公司，再由这家公司或个人结算给商户。据不完全统计，目前国内“二清”公司已超过2000家。

据一位第三方支付机构从业者透露，近年来，为了快速拓展业务，微信把支付接口开放给了太多代理商。微信支付给一级代理商开通支付接口，二者之间的合规操作在财付通平台上完成，但该代理商所发展的二三级代理或商户收付资金时，会先集中到代理商自有账户，再接入微信支付账户，在代理商层面构成“二级清算”。

“按照《支付机构客户备付金存管办法》，商户和消费者的资金在财付通层面划转时，受到严格监管，但代理商账户并无相应监管，存在挪用商户资金的风险隐患。”上述从业人士表示。

一位微信支付和支付宝的签约代理商就透露，通常来讲，判断代理商做的是“一清”还是“二清”，商户可以从资金到账时间来鉴别。一清流程是商户和微信支付签订了支付协议，权益受到支付机构的保护。顾客消费的钱通常会在T+1日到达商户账户里。而经手“二清”的微信支付款项通常要第3日到账，就是T+2，商户的钱得由别人先保管一日。

事实上，互联网支付领域的“二清”之所以受到监管重视，在于其潜藏了巨大风险。前述支付行业资深人士告诉记者，第一，“二清”会产生大量资金沉淀，具有较大资金挪用甚至代理商跑路风险。此前包括易宝支付等第三方支付公司均发生过类似事件。第二，一级代理商较多并无清算资质，所作的清算甚至有可能是通过个人账户的违法清算，这种大量的灰色地带很可能为洗钱和非法交易留空子。而除了“二清”风险，微信分销模式还存在庞氏骗局等风险。目前来看，微信采取的主要整治方式就是通过砍断支付手段来处理。

专项整治

事实上，微信支付此轮的触线与整改处在一个较为敏感的时期。此前，包括财付通在内的首批27家第三方支付牌照续展已推迟2个半月，目前全部处于“无证经营”状态。

而有消息透露，中国中央银行此次决定下重手整治“二清”乱象，从严管理第三方支付的合规问题，而在规模性整改未完成前，可能不会续发新一轮牌照。在前述第三方支付机构的从业者看来，中国中央银行正在严打“二清”乱象，7月1日又施行分类账户余额限制新规，瞄准的都是让支付回归小额快借本质，打击资金沉淀问题。

4月14日，中国国务院组织14部委召开电话会议，宣布在全国范围内启动有关互联网金融领域的专项整治，第三方支付亦在整治范围之内。而按照此前流出的《非银行支付机构风险专项整治工作实施方案》规定，对于“二清”行为，将严肃追究无证机构以及为无证机构违法违规活动提供通道或接口的相关支付机构、商业银行的责任。在这样的监管大趋势下，无证从事支付通道业务的微商平台甚至有可能拖微信支付“下水”。

3月15日，中国人民银行发布2015年12月至2016年1月对银行卡收单外包业务抽查情况通报，包括现代金融、控股（成都）有限公司总公司及青岛分公司、中信银行上海分行等在内的多家金融机构由于存在资金“二清”，被中国中央银行要求规范接口和资金结算，一些支付机构被列入重点监控对象。

而在前述支付行业资深人士看来，在这种背景下，微信整顿分销平台的深意已经不言自明。而对已经事实接入大量“二清”机构的微信支付来讲，必须进行相关动作的整改，才能避免遭受类似处罚，妥善完成牌照续展。