China 178,000 years ago human teeth found earlier than the out of Africa time archaeological | | hominid _ news
Reference news, July 17 , local media said that three years ago, in a limestone cave in bijie, Guizhou province, a research group led by Professor Zhao Lingxia in several metres of an ancient underground river bed sediment after removed, found three human teeth.
According to Hong Kong's South China Morning Post, July 11, from the anatomy point of view, they're modern human teeth are like, but shows the age of the sediments, which was buried by 112,000 to 178,000 years ago, as early as 75,000 years ago the first modern humans out of Africa.
Reports earlier this year, the research group published a paper in the journal of anthropology published the findings in detail. The discovery added new content to the mystery of the origin of the Chinese people.
In the past decade, Chinese ancient human fossils are found in almost every province in the South, many of them from dating back to 100,000 years or more years before the sediments, but judging from the anatomical, characteristic of human life in today's China there is hardly any different.
Institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences American Professor Zhao Lingxia colleagues, he discovered ancient human fossils in daoxian County, Hunan province. Found on the man, DAO, first published last year in the journal nature, shows that humans living in China with more than more than 100,000 years ago of today's human beings are exactly the same.
"There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that the fossil record in Africa before the arrival of settlers, and Chinese people. "Liu said. "They are not living in one or two small areas, but flourishing, almost everywhere. ”
If that's the case, then they do is impose new human?
"I don't think so. "Liu said.
Published in a paper in the same issue of the journal of anthropology, said Wu Xinzhi, a famous anthropologist, from 8000 to 130,000 years ago the ancient stone tools in China conducted a thorough study, they conclude, manufacturing techniques are passed from generation to generation, there is consistency in characteristics and Africa of the early settlers of the stone has a significantly different.
Reports that stone age culture, there are numerous ancient human fossils unearthed in China show that the modern Chinese is the result of seamless evolution of the region. According to Wu and colleagues studied, although the arrival of African migrants may introduce some new genes, but there was no replacement or extinction.
In order to find out the truth, ancient ruins can be extracted DNA to compare with the DNA of modern Chinese. Germany in Africa before the arrival of immigrants living in the European Neanderthal fossils of similar shows, people with Neanderthal genes in Europe today, which showed that people were arriving in Europe were mixed with the locals, rather than exterminated them.
But repeating this experiment more difficult in China because China much earlier than Neanderthal samples, who lived 28,000 years ago. Ruins older, less retention of DNA information, researchers have come up with nothing, the greater the possibilities.
"We must assess the risks, because any DNA analysis will lead to irreversible destruction of a precious fossils. "Liu said. "When will far exceed the costs, we will conduct the test. ”
Li Hui of the Shanghai Fudan University studies of ancient human DNA (voice) said today's technology convinced him, from 100,000 years or more old extracting useful DNA samples.
"Any radioactive carbon can be used to determine the samples can be used for DNA analysis," he said, "we have the most sophisticated technology to accomplish this work. ”
Lee said that to conduct DNA tests, researchers will need to put the whole tooth is ground into a fine powder, or with a skull the size of a thumbnail to do it.
Lee said even though fossil remains are important evidence, but they are not as reliable as DNA testing, because they are buried in sediment layer may be due to recent geological activity interference, making dating results may overstate the fossil's age.
About 75,000 years ago, Super volcanic eruptions in Indonesia, resulting in the famous extinction event – known as the Toba catastrophe. More than 1000 years in time, it becomes a snowball Earth, causing mass extinction, including some early humans.
Lee said that humanity survived from the disaster is likely, but they cannot resist the new immigrants from Africa. Even if they are mixed together, but modern Chinese natural DNA contribution would be very small, it is unlikely to be more than 2%.
"We would like to test some of the very old samples, but we do not have access to. "He said.
"(On the origin of Chinese) differences can only be owned by fossils and have (DNA analysis) technology cooperation between people can be resolved. "(Compilation/Hong Man)
Source: references
In pictures: photos: shooting in Hunan, DAO Fu cave excavation site in the territory of a human tooth fossils (Hunan provincial Institute of cultural relics and archaeology for September 12, 2012). Xinhua News Agency
Responsible editor: Sun Ailin SN146
Article keywords:Archaeology of ancient humans
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中国发现17.8万年前人类牙齿 早于走出非洲时间|考古|古人类_新闻资讯
参考消息网7月17日报道 港媒称，三年前，在贵州省毕节的一个石灰岩溶洞内，由赵凌霞教授率领的一个课题组在把一个古老的地下河床的数米厚泥沙除掉之后，发现了三颗人类牙齿。
据香港《南华早报》网站7月11日报道，从解剖学的角度来看，它们跟现代人类的牙齿很像，但是沉积物的年代显示，它们是11.2万至17.8万年前被埋的，早于首批现代人类走出非洲的7.5万年前。
报道称，今年年初，该课题组在《人类学学报》刊发的一篇论文中公布了这一发现的细节。该发现给中国人的起源之谜增添了新内容。
在过去十年里，中国南部几乎每个省都发现了古人类化石，其中许多都来自可以追溯到10万年或者更多年头之前的沉积物，但是从解剖学来看，这些人类的特征跟生活在今天的中国人几乎没有什么不同。
中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的刘武教授是赵凌霞的同事，他同样在湖南省道县发现了古人类化石。关于道县人的发现首先发表于去年的《自然》杂志，表明10万多年前生活在中国的人类跟当今的人类是一模一样的。
“化石记录上有压倒性的证据表明，在非洲定居者到来之前，中国就有人了。”刘说。“他们不是住在一个或两个小的地区，而是蓬勃发展，几乎无处不在。”
如果是这样的话，那他们是被新来的人类赶尽杀绝了吗？
“我不这么认为。”刘说。
在发表在《人类学学报》同一期的一篇论文中，著名古人类学家吴新智称，通过对8000年至13万年前生活在中国境内的古人类石制工具进行彻底研究，他们得出结论认为，制造技术是从一代传到又一代，具有一致性，其特色与非洲早期移民的石器有着明显不同。
报道称，石器文化，还有中国出土的大量古人类化石表明，现代中国人是该地区无缝演进的结果。根据吴和同事的研究，虽然非洲移民的到来可能会引入一些新基因，但是并没有发生更换或者大灭绝。
为了找到真相，可以把古代遗迹中提取的DNA与现代中国人的DNA进行比较。德国对在非洲移民到来之前生活在欧洲的尼安德特人的化石进行过类似的比较，结果显示，当今欧洲人都带有尼安德特人基因，而这表明当时抵达欧洲的人与当地人进行了混合，而不是灭绝了他们。
但是在中国重复这一试验更加困难，因为中国的样品要比尼安德特人早得多，后者生活在2.8万年前。遗迹越老，保留的DNA信息就越少，研究人员一无所获的可能性就越大。
“我们必须评估风险，因为任何DNA分析势必造成一块珍贵的化石遭到不可逆转的破坏。”刘说。“当利益远远超过成本时，我们才会进行测试。”
上海复旦大学研究古人类DNA的李辉（音）教授说，当今的技术使他确信，可以从10万年或者更老的样品中提取有用的DNA。
“任何可以用放射性碳素进行测定的样品都可以用于DNA分析，”他说，“我们拥有最尖端的技术来完成这项工作。”
李说，要进行DNA测试，研究人员将需要把整颗牙齿磨成细粉，或者用一个指甲盖大小的头骨来做这事。
李表示，尽管化石遗骸是重要证据，但它们没有DNA检测那样可靠，因为它们埋葬的沉淀层可能由于最近的地质活动而受到干扰，使得测年结果可能夸大了化石的年龄。
大约7.5万年前，印尼发生超级火山爆发，导致了著名的灭绝事件——被称为托巴灾难。在1000多年的时间里，它把地球变成一个雪球，造成大量物种灭绝，包括一些早期人类。
李说，少数人类从这场灾难中幸存下来是有可能的，但他们无法抵挡来自非洲的新移民。即使他们混在一起，但现代中国人身上天然DNA的贡献将非常小，不太可能超过2%。
“我们很愿意测试一些非常古老的样本，但是我们得不到。”他说。
“（关于中国人起源的）分歧只能通过拥有化石者与拥有（古DNA分析）技术的人之间的合作才能得以解决。”（编译/洪漫）
来源：参考消息
图说：资料图片：在湖南道县境内福岩洞的发掘现场拍摄的一颗人类牙齿化石（湖南省文物考古研究所供图 摄于2012年9月12日）。新华社发
责任编辑：孙爱林 SN146
文章关键词： 考古 古人类
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