Beijing heavy rain to watch the sea, 600 year old barely water-the forbidden city Beijing heavy rains, the Palace-IT information
Yesterday, the Beijing heavy rains maxed out your circle of friends.
On July 21, 2012 Beijing torrential rains has been 4 years, a similar scene appeared again:
? On July 20, in front of the Beijing West Railway Station North square main road tunnels, drivers were evacuated from being soaked in the
? July 20, Lian Shi Beijing West station road tunnel in the direction of stagnant water from West to East (mobile phone)
Rainstorm hits Beijing "see the sea"
Since July 19, ushered into the strongest since flood season rainfall this year in Beijing, Beijing Meteorological Department issued three times a day storm blue warning signal on "heavy rainfall mode." 20th 8:40, municipal meteorological station releases rainstorm amber warning signal; 11:30, municipal meteorological station releases rainstorm Orange alert signals.
According to "the rainstorm Orange alert" signals, Beijing city and 6 hour accumulated precipitation up to 70 mm in the South, more than 100 mm, expect city and Fangshan, Daxing, mentougou, Tongzhou, 20th day of the total will be more than 100 mm of rainfall, more than 200 mm.
▲ Reporter observed, majiapu road puddles
However, as everywhere in Beijing are "see the sea" when there is a mysterious place became "alternative", that is, stands nearly 600 years of the forbidden city in Beijing.
Stands 600 years of the Imperial Palace, have never been flooded before
In a sea of noise in Beijing, the forbidden city has not appeared stagnant water.
Sponsored by the Palace Museum of the Forbidden City Magazine, its official Micro-Blog photo shows forbidden city also experienced heavy rain erosion, ponding situation but did not appear serious, this towering 600 years of construction weathered the storm test.
We feel ↓
? Photo: @ the Forbidden City Magazine
In addition, the China Meteorological Administration core portal oriented to provide weather information to the public, China weather network has also released the storm National Palace Museum: article almost no water, to storm the National Palace Museum in the report.
? Photo: Chinese weather network
So, this 18 year of Yongle (1420) built the forbidden city, able to experience torrential rain and not flooded at all?
According to media reports, an expert on ancient buildings in Shenyang introduction, drainage of the forbidden city has two systems of light and shade.
Ming water drainage through the floor pan (pan of water is a kind of building waterproofing technology, simply cover corner with waterproof material), through a variety of drain, tap spit into the surrounding River; dark line is through an underground drainage channel and drained into the River, and the river is jinshuihe.
Chengde is also the construction of drainage systems. Summed up in one sentence: the entire system, by means of light and shade, reach a destination: out of the total row.
? On July 20, the visitors went in the rain in the forbidden city tour
Outside the city: built by the potential
Seen from the terrain, North of Beijing Yanshan, East of the Bohai Sea, Northwest Southeast low, so the water flows to the Southeast. Judging from the forbidden city, Shen Wu gate 46.05 meters above sea level in the North and the south entrance gate to 44.28 m above sea level, difference of about 2 metres, its drainage facilities take advantage of the characteristics of the terrain and build.
The General characteristics of the drainage system, is the rainwater into the North-South route in the direction of the trench and then flows into jinshuihe.
Outside the forbidden city at least three lines of defence:
The Ming inner city canals and Ming HO, Taiping Lake;
Second, Xiyuan taiyechi and Hou Hai;
Cheese River c is jinshuihe and the forbidden city (the moat). These canals on the one hand can be used for urban water supply, flood on the other hand can also be used under water, and ensure that not a lot of rain and flash floods on the periphery into the forbidden city.
Jinshuihe is a river of the forbidden city, a total length of more than 2000 meters, River, River common white stone paving. River meandering, or hidden or, Liu the entire forbidden city. Not used for beautifying the environment, enjoy fish and algae in building construction, which is building water sources, and also as the city outside of water, the source of fire.
According to experts of claims, within jinshuihe by introduction for West yuquan landscape, for West in five in the is gold, "Jinsheng Lishui", so name jinshuihe, "by smart door west trench introduction nursing city River into Palace within, along West area by Wu British Temple Qian, to Wo front Goldwater bridge Xia, complex flows through wenyuan Pavilion Qian to three seat door, from Luang driving library Southeast out forbidden city. ”
? On July 20, the visitors went in the rain in the forbidden city tour
City: light and shade with
Within the forbidden city over more than 90 yards through the drainage ditch, using North-South underground silos in low terrain into nearby, within the last bus on jinshuihe again to Donghua gate South sluice out of the corner, and the outer jinshuihe join.
To Palace Qian three Temple Hall, and neutralization Temple and preserving harmony for cases, Qian three temple built in 8.13 meters high of three layer LMH Shang, LMH around railing of bottom, has emissions rain of holes; each root looked column Xia also has a carved fine of stone leading, name said "Chi first", its mouth within for chisel pass of round hole, is auxiliary drainage of channel.
On rainy days, rain water drainage holes from 1142 out, showing a "thousand Dragon water" landscape, layer-by-layer drop, flow to hospital, without water. Pedestal surrounded by stone channel drains.
? Photo: the Forbidden City Magazine
Because a Temple Pavilion, rockeries and pavilions, pond plants, garden is draining the most complex of the forbidden city. Practices were the Royal Road, the garden was divided into two drains, which subdivided a number of small drainage channels. With a small area of low as a ditch into the water. Ditch connected, with dry ditch outside the park opening formed underground drainage network.
East a, and East II, and West a, and West II Street, alley within are has short distance of North-South to longitudinal ditch, respectively connected dry clear door within and dry clear Palace Hou to East, and West discharge of latitude ditch and the Palace Courtyard of latitude ditch, using Central High, and around low, and North high, and southern low and some small ditch of middle high, and ends low of natural fell, quickly will rain summary, row into river, outflow Palace outside.
Comments of netizens also bombed ↓
In fact, small also want to work in the Palace Museum ... ...
北京暴雨处处看海，600年历史故宫却几乎没积水 - 北京暴雨,故宫 - IT资讯
昨天，北京的暴雨刷爆了朋友圈。
距离2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨已经过去整整4年，相似的一幕又再次出现：
▲7月20日，在北京西站北广场前主路隧道内，司机准备从被浸泡的车中撤离
▲7月20日，北京西站前莲石路自西向东方向隧道出现积水（手机拍摄）
暴雨来袭，北京多地“看海”
自7月19日起，北京迎来今年入汛以来最强降雨，北京市气象部门一天内发出三次暴雨蓝色预警信号，开启“强降雨模式”。20日8时40分，北京市气象台升级发布暴雨黄色预警信号；11时30分，北京市气象台升级发布暴雨橙色预警信号。
根据“暴雨橙色预警”信号，北京城区及南部6小时累计降水量达70毫米，局地超过100毫米，预计城区及房山、大兴、门头沟、通州等地20日白天的累计降水量将超过100毫米，局地超过200毫米。
▲记者实测马家堡路积水情况
然而，就在北京到处都在“看海”的时候，有一个神秘的地方成了“另类”，那就是在北京矗立了近600年的紫禁城。
矗立600年的故宫，从未被淹过
在北京一片看海的喧嚣声中，故宫却并未出现积水。
故宫博物院主办的《紫禁城》杂志，其官方微博发布的多组照片显示，故宫虽然也经历着暴雨的冲刷，但是却并未出现严重积水情况，这座矗立了600年的建筑经受住了此次暴雨的考验。
大家感受一下↓
▲图片来源：@紫禁城杂志
此外，中国气象局面向公众提供气象信息服务的核心门户，中国天气网也发布了《暴雨中的故宫：几乎没有积水》的文章，对暴雨中的故宫进行了报道。
▲图片来源：中国天气网
那么，这座永乐十八年(1420年)落成的紫禁城，为何能够经历特大暴雨而不被淹呢？
据媒体报道，沈阳一位古城建筑专家介绍，紫禁城的排水有明暗两套系统。
明排水是通过铺地做出泛水（泛水是建筑上的一种防水工艺，简单说来就是用防水材料把墙角包住），通过各种排水口、吐水嘴排到周边河中；暗排是通过地下排水道将水排到河里，而这条河就是内外金水河。
承德避暑山庄也是这样建设的排水系统。归纳起来一句话：整个系统，通过明暗等手段，到达一个目的：汇总往外排。
▲7月20日，游客冒雨在北京故宫游览
城外：依势而建
从地势上看，北京北依燕山，东临渤海，西北高东南低，所以水向东南流。从紫禁城来看，北门神武门地平标高46.05米，南门午门地平标高44.28米，差约2米，其排水设施充分利用了这一地形特点而建。
这套排水系统的总特点，是将东西方向的雨水汇流入南北干沟内，然后流入内金水河。
紫禁城外至少有三道防线：
一是明内城护城河及大明濠、太平湖；
二是西苑太液池和后海；
三是外金水河和紫禁城的筒子河(护城河)。这些河渠一方面可用于城市供水，另一方面汛情之下亦可用于排水，先在外围保证不至于大量雨水和山洪流入紫禁城。
内金水河是紫禁城的内河，全长2000多米，河帮、河底通用白石铺砌。河道曲折蜿蜒，或隐或现，传流整座紫禁城。不止用于美化环境、欣赏鱼藻，在兴建施工时，它是建筑用水的来源，而平时也是作为城内井水之外，消防用水的来源。
按照专家的说法，内金水河所引为西郊玉泉山水，因西在五行中属金，“金生丽水”，故名金水河，“由神武门西地沟引护城河水流入宫内，沿西一带经武英殿前，至太和门前金水桥下，复流经文渊阁前至三座门，从銮驾库东南出紫禁城。”
▲7月20日，游客冒雨在北京故宫游览
城内：明暗结合
紫禁城内大小90多个院落，通过本院的排水沟道，利用北高南低的地势就近排入地下暗沟，最后都汇流于内金水河，再至东华门南隅的水闸流出，与外金水河汇合。
以故宫前三殿太和殿、中和殿和保和殿为例，前三殿建在8.13米高的三层台基上，台基四周栏杆的底部，有排放雨水的孔洞；每根望柱下还有一个雕琢精美的石龙头，名曰“螭首”，其口内为凿通的圆孔，也是辅助排水的孔道。
每逢雨天，雨水从1142个排水孔喷出，呈现“千龙喷水”景观，逐层下落，流到院内，使得台面无积水。台基四周设有石槽排水沟。
▲图片来源：紫禁城杂志
因为殿宇楼阁、假山亭台、鱼池花木的存在，御花园是故宫排水最复杂的地方。具体做法是先以御路将御花园分为东西两个排水渠，其间再细分若干小排水渠。以每个小区域的最低点作为暗沟的入水口。暗沟相互连通，再与园外干沟贯通，形成地下排水网络。
东一、东二、西一、西二长街等小巷内都有短距离的南北向纵沟，分别接通乾清门内和乾清宫后向东、西泄水的纬沟和各宫廷院落的纬沟，利用中央高、四周低、北部高、南部低和某些小沟的中间高、两端低的自然跌落，迅速将雨水汇总，排入内河，流出宫外。
网友们的评论也是炸了↓
其实，小编也想去故宫博物院工作……