There are 18 million Internet users in China is less than 10 years old: half of the children under five years old on the Internet-Internet age, minors-IT information

Five or six little doll, a cell phone in her arms, fingers skillfully slide on the screen, "watermelon" cutting too fast; one meal, you get to the front of the computer, open the video site, watch "head strong" laugh at night had to listen to an episode of Goodnight little sheep, or noisy than sleeping ... ... Such scenes become commonplace in today's Internet era.

China Internet network information center statistics show that by the end of 2015, total number of Internet users in China had reached 688 million, 19 per cent of all Internet users 24.1% users under the age, in which Internet users over 18 million below the age of 10 years old. "Little worms" more and more, how to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and guiding children safe on the Internet? How to defend against infringement, building a secure network environment? These concern.

Internet low age become commonplace

"Children are from a few years to start network of contacts? ”

Qin in Wuhan of Hubei Province wanted to said: "it should be two or three years. A crying child, how to coax coax is not good, I'll give kids cell phone pictures and animations, kids quieted down right away. Over time, I got used to in such a way to divert attention from children. But I found that in fact this is a wrong way, and now kids want to watch cartoons every day, don't show him still angered, is really a headache. ”

In China, such as "little worms" have become important members of the army. Not long ago, the Tencent company issued the guidelines on child-safe Internet access report data show that 90% children (minors under the age of 18) access to the Internet in everyday life, urban children's net rate of nearly 95%. More and more small children age of first contact, the report says, 56%-children's initial Internet age less than 5 years old.

"This is an age of the Internet, children living in such an environment, the Internet is their way of life, they are really ' the Web '. "" Voices of youth "youth development service-Union experts said Sun Hongyan," we often see this phenomenon, parents with game play with a child, to shoot video of children, and even some mother feeding her child, one hand holding a cell phone to brush your circle of friends. Environment, children inevitably answer, therefore, low Internet age is normal. Predictable network into the children's lives the world time and earlier, and will increasingly, networks must become an important force in children's lives. ”

Network risks tend to be more subtle

Brought their children cell phones computer, Swan Lake District, Hefei city, Anhui Province, song was angry. "Children playing games on a mobile, and myopic eyes. "Sighed song," bad information in the network is so impossible. "In zaozhuang city, Shandong province, Yuan often were startled by unexpected pop-up on a Web site:" when you browse news, watch suddenly popping a dialog box or a small video, many of which are unhealthy. As a parent, I am worried if the child see this information, whether because of curiosity goes in to watch? ”

Many risks to children's Internet access. Tencent launched the "children's online protection survey", online scams, bad information, cyber-bullying to become three major dangers encountered in the process of children on the Internet, with the highest proportion of Internet fraud, 61%. China Youth and children Research Center in 2016 's latest data also showed that Chinese senior high school students suffer from Internet infringement of a very prominent. 47.2% of high school students have the network password stolen from the experience, 42.3% received the false claims on the Internet, 17%, online shopping has been deceived. In addition, online were threat 7.5%, personal photos or videos on the Internet were malicious spreading of 7%, suffered a gang bullying on the Internet at 5%.

Easy, online fraud and stolen property risk adverse long-term attention information easy to induce crime; cyber-bullying and harassment cause psychological harm ... ... Compared in terms of the risks of everyday life, the network risks because out of sight of school and family, so are often more subtle, more likely to result in serious consequences.

Parents do not need to talk about the net

As children grow older, teenagers use the Internet with increasing frequency, use the purpose of the network is changing. The Internet guidelines for child safety report shows that low among preschool and school-age children under 8 years old, watch videos, play games, listen to stories and other entertainment is the main purpose of Internet access, while for senior pupils and middle school students, playing games and writing occupied most of their Internet time.

Internet access after all good for children? Survey data shows that in the adult respondents, believe that children use the Internet outweigh the disadvantages of 26%, 34% think does more harm than good, the rest is considered bad to say. 77.4% parents of children using Internet for positive intervention or guidance, overall security concern for parents of young children on Internet.

"Form the old saying goes, the Internet is indeed a ' double-edged sword '. "China Youth Research Center researcher Zhao Xia said," parents on children's concerns in many aspects of the Internet. First is on health of effect, worried screen reading effect children vision, long sat effect children growth development; second is on learning cognitive of effect, worried Internet easy caused children learning distracted, and abstract thinking derogation,; three is on behavior of effect, worried children contact bad information, imitation bad behavior; IV is on character of effect, worried children missing social interactive, interpersonal contacts capacity reduced, and so on. These fears are not unreasonable, but parents do not need ' on the net '. After all, facilitation and sharing of network, gives children a new way of learning, ways of thinking, lifestyle and dating. Internet child should master the important ability from an early age. ”

Create a network security environment

How to avoid the risk of children's Internet access? Tencent jointly launched in China, the number of popular science guide to citizen security growth suggested that young people not at liberty to disclose personal and critical information, don't take on a network all kinds of "free lunch", ignore the bad information, not to open strange link or email from strangers, don't be alone with a strange to meet them. In addition, once found deficiencies, required for the first time to discuss with parents.

Network is a public place, let the network security awareness wind put down roots and make the network space environment fresh, concerted efforts are needed.

Help kids develop good habits of Internet use, training must be media information literacy, parents should assume primary responsibility. Experts suggest "Open Jam" moderate Internet access, select the appropriate digital products according to their age.

"Some parents think I they do not use the Internet, home network, without a computer, so that the child would be safe. But the survey found that more parents refused the network, the higher proportion of child Internet addiction. "Sun Hongyan said," parents must know how to network, accepted the network, learn from each other and grow together with their children. ”

For schools, the Internet safety education as one of the courses. China Youth and children Research Center for China and the United States, Japan and South Korea four State high school student safety awareness survey, Chinese high school students who had received Internet safety education in at least four countries, only 60%. Jiang Cheng, an associate professor at Peking University College of education believe that school information technology curriculum should focus on improving students ' comprehensive quality of information, strengthen network security education to help children recognize around network security threats, increase individual awareness.

Strengthening environmental governance is the responsibility of Government. Bupt said Xie Yongjiang, Deputy Director of the Center for Internet governance and law: "Governments should further regulate Internet operations, scientific information classification system, development of industry standards, and accelerate the legislative process, improve law supervision measures, effectively dissolving network risk. ”

In addition, enterprises should also strengthen industry self-regulation of the Internet, creating a secure network environment. Tencent Peng Yang, Director of the information security Committee, said Internet companies deal with all kinds of active prevention and control Internet content so that children can correctly and appropriately for online entertainment. For example, high utilization rates to minors online entertainment, games, special protection design for product-specific, set anti-addiction mechanisms to strengthen prevention and filtering of information that may harm children.

中国有1800万网民不到10岁：一半儿童不到五岁就上网 - 网龄,未成年 - IT资讯

五六岁的小娃娃，怀里抱着手机，指尖熟练地在屏幕上滑动，“西瓜”切得飞快；一吃完饭，就蹭到电脑前，打开视频网站，边看“光头强”边哈哈大笑；晚上总得听一集《晚安小绵羊》，否则就闹腾着不愿睡觉……这样的场景在今天这个互联网时代变得司空见惯。

中国互联网信息中心统计显示，截至2015年底，中国网民总数已达6.88亿，19岁以下网民占全体网民的24.1%，其中年龄低于10岁的网民超过1800万。“小网虫”越来越多，怎样趋利避害，引导儿童安全上网？如何抵御侵害，构建安全网络环境？这些值得关注。

上网低龄化成为普遍现象

“孩子是从几岁开始接触网络的？”

湖北武汉的秦女士想了想说：“应该是两三岁吧。孩子一哭闹，怎么哄都哄不好，我就给孩子看手机上的图片和动画，孩子立马就安静下来了。久而久之，我就习惯用这样的方式来转移孩子的注意力了。但我发现这其实是一种错误的方式，现在孩子每天都想看动画片，不给他看还耍脾气，真是令人头疼。”

在中国，像这样的“小网虫”已成为互联网大军的重要成员。不久前，腾讯公司发布了《儿童安全上网指引报告》，数据显示，90%的中国儿童（指18岁以下未成年人）在日常生活中接触互联网，其中城市儿童触网率近95%。儿童首次触网年龄也越来越小，报告指出，56%的儿童初次上网年龄低于5岁。

“今天是一个互联网时代，儿童就生活在这样的环境中，互联网就是他们的生活方式，他们是真正的‘网络原住民’。”“青年之声”青少年成长服务联盟专家孙宏艳说，“我们常常会看到这样的现象，家长用小游戏逗孩子玩，给孩子拍小视频，甚至有些母亲一手给孩子喂奶，一手还拿着手机刷朋友圈。环境如此，孩子不可避免地耳濡目染，因此，上网低龄化也是正常现象。可以预测，网络进入儿童生活世界的时间将越来越早，程度将越来越深，网络必然成为影响儿童生活的重要力量。”

网络风险往往更隐蔽

提起孩子玩手机玩电脑，安徽省合肥市天鹅湖小区的宋先生就一肚子气。“孩子一玩起游戏就停不下来，还把眼睛弄近视了。”宋先生叹了一口气，“网络中的不良信息真是让人防不胜防。”山东省枣庄市的袁先生经常被网站上的意外弹窗吓一跳：“浏览新闻的时候，看着看着突然就蹦出一个对话框或者小视频，内容很多都是不健康的。作为家长，我很担忧，如果孩子看到这样的信息，会不会因为好奇点进去观看呢？”

儿童上网面临许多风险。在腾讯发起的“儿童网络保护大调查”中，网络诈骗、不良信息、网络欺凌成为孩子在上网过程中遭遇的三大危险，其中网络诈骗比例最高，占61%。中国青少年研究中心2016年最新发布的数据也显示，中国高中生遭受网络侵权的现象非常突出。47.2%的高中生有过网络密码被盗的经历，42.3%在网上收到过虚假的付款要求，17.0%网上购物曾被欺骗。此外，在网上被威胁恐吓的有7.5%，个人照片或视频在网上被恶意传播的有7%，在网上遭到过团伙欺负的有5%。

网络诈骗和盗号易导致财产风险；长期关注不良信息易诱发违法犯罪；网络欺凌和骚扰易造成心理伤害……而相比于日常生活中的风险而言，网络风险因为脱离学校和家庭的视线，所以往往更加隐蔽，更容易导致严重后果。

家长无需谈网色变

随着孩子年龄的增长，青少年使用网络的频率越来越高，使用网络的目的也会发生变化。《儿童安全上网指引报告》显示，对于8岁以下低学龄和学龄前儿童来说，看视频、玩游戏、听故事等娱乐是上网的主要目的；而对于高年级小学生和初中生，玩游戏和写作业占据了他们的大部分上网时间。

儿童上网到底好不好？调查数据显示，在成人受访者中，认为儿童使用网络利大于弊的占26%，认为弊大于利的占34%，其余则认为不好说。77.4%家长会对儿童使用网络进行正面干预或者引导，总体上家长对孩子的上网安全比较关注。

“套用一句老话，互联网确实是一把‘双刃剑’。”中国青少年研究中心副研究员赵霞说，“家长对儿童上网的忧虑表现在很多方面。首先是对健康的影响，担心屏幕阅读影响儿童视力，久坐影响儿童生长发育；其次是对学习认知的影响，担心上网容易造成儿童学习分心、抽象思维减损等；三是对行为的影响，担心儿童接触不良信息，模仿不良行为；第四是对性格的影响，担心儿童缺少社会互动，人际交往能力降低，等等。这些担忧不无道理，但家长也无需‘谈网色变’。毕竟网络的便利与共享，给儿童提供了新的学习方式、思维方式、生活方式、交友方式。上网是儿童从小就应该掌握的重要能力。”

营造网络安全环境

如何规避儿童上网风险？腾讯联合科普中国推出的《数字小公民安全成长指南》建议，青少年不要随意透露个人隐私和关键信息，不要轻信网络上的各类“免费午餐”，不要理睬不良信息，不要随意打开奇怪的链接或陌生人发来的邮件，不要单独与陌生网友见面。另外，一旦发现不妥之处，需第一时间和父母商量。

网络是一个公共场所，让网络安全意识落地生根、让网络空间环境风清气正，需要各方共同努力。

帮助孩子从小养成良好的网络使用习惯，培养必须的媒介信息素养，家长应负起第一责任。专家建议“疏而不堵”，适度上网，根据孩子年龄段选择合适的数字产品。

“有的家长认为我自己不上网，家里不接网、不用电脑，这样孩子就安全了。但我们的调查发现，家长越是拒绝网络，孩子上网成瘾的比例越高。”孙宏艳说，“家长也要懂得网络、接纳网络，与孩子相互学习、共同成长。”

对于学校来说，网络安全教育应成为课程之一。中国青少年研究中心进行的中国和美国日韩四国高中生安全意识调查发现，接受过网络安全教育的中国高中生在四个国家中最少，仅有六成。北京大学教育学院副教授蒋承认为，学校的信息技术课应着眼于提升学生全面的信息素养，强化网络安全教育，帮助儿童认识到身边存在的网络安全威胁，提高个体的防范意识。

加强网络环境治理是政府应尽的责任。北京邮电大学互联网治理与法律研究中心副主任谢永江说：“政府应进一步规范网络运营，实行科学的信息分级制度，制定行业标准，加快网络立法进程，完善依法监管措施，有效化解网络风险。”

此外，互联网企业也应加强行业自律，营造安全网络环境。腾讯信息安全执行委员会主任杨鹏表示，互联网公司应对各类网络不良信息进行主动防控，使儿童能够正确、适度地进行网上娱乐。比如，对未成年人使用率高的网络娱乐、游戏产品进行针对性的特别保护设计，设置防沉迷机制，对可能危害儿童的信息加强防范和过滤等。