China's Supreme People's Court: illegally entering territorial waters fishing conviction sentencing standards | illegal fishing _ news
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 2 (reporter Rocha)-illegally entered China's territorial waters are subject to penal sanctions? Illegal fishing of aquatic products how to? Fishing without a licence despite repeated prohibitions do? ... ... The Chinese Supreme People's Court on several issues concerning the trial in cases related to the sea areas under the jurisdiction of China after the promulgation of regulations, head of the Supreme People's Court on matters of public interest told reporters in an interview.
Jurisdiction beyond territorial seas crime will be subject to penal sanctions
"The United Nations law of the Sea Convention, beyond the territorial sea, also gives the coastal State in the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, continental shelf waters, such as certain sovereign rights and jurisdiction. "China's Supreme People's court official said China also have corresponding provisions in domestic legislation, judicial interpretations further clarified China's maritime jurisdiction, according to the criminal law enforcement on the sea, preservation of marine living resources and the ecological environment, is very important.
Judicial interpretation stipulates that areas under China's jurisdiction is the People's Republic of China internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, as well as the People's Republic of China sea areas under the jurisdiction. Chinese citizens or foreigners in areas under China's jurisdiction to implement the illegal hunting, killing precious and endangered species of wildlife or illegal fishing of aquatic products and other crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with Chinese criminal law.
"In the sea areas under the jurisdiction of China in recent years, the illegal hunting, killing precious and endangered species of wildlife, illegal fishing of aquatic products and other acts have occurred, as well as foreign vessels, foreigners into criminal activities in China's exclusive economic zone waters. "The official said, the application of criminal law to combat areas under China's jurisdiction crimes and to safeguard the sovereignty of our territory and maritime rights and interests.
Worth noting is that the judicial interpretation covering criminal, civil and administrative proceedings in three areas, which are extremely rare in China's judicial interpretation of the Supreme People's Court issued in recent years. China's Supreme People's court official explained that the wide field of the sea-related case law, criminal, administrative and civil provisions in the marine in a judicial interpretation to help courts at all levels integrated understanding and application.
He said over maritime court trials in recent years have occurred in China's sea areas under the jurisdiction of maritime cases, huangyan district people's Court on the Diaoyu Islands, island, Xisha and Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters jurisdiction without interruption.
"The judicial power is an important part of national sovereignty. "The official said, the people's Court will further strengthen the maritime justice system, reviewing and examining the current sea-related criminal, administrative and civil judicial interpretations and normative documents, building a system combined, overall coordination of sea-related judicial system, adhere to the fair administration of Justice to ensure strict enforcement of law.
Illegally entering territorial waters can raise sentencing convicted of illegal fishing
It is understood that the judicial interpretation support the jurisdiction of the authorities of illegally entering its waters foreign ships and personnel, according to the exit and entry management law, law on public security administration punishments to take appropriate enforcement measures and administrative penalties. Driven by refusing to leave or be expelled after illegally entering, implementing acts such as illegal fishing in waters under Chinese jurisdiction, constitutes a crime, according to China's criminal law relating to borderline (border) provisions of the crime, the crime of illegal fishing of aquatic products, investigate criminal responsibility.
Judicial explained provides, illegal into China territorial waters, has following case one of of, should finds for criminal No. 322 article provides of "plot serious": by drive refused to left of; was drive away from Hou and illegal into China territorial waters of; for illegal into China territorial waters was administrative punishment or was criminal punishment Hou, one years within and illegal into China territorial waters of; illegal into China territorial waters engaged in fishing Aquatic products, activities, is not constitute illegal fishing Aquatic products, crime of; other plot serious of case.
Article No. 322 of the criminal law of China, in violation of (border) Regulations (borderline), and the circumstances are serious, one year of imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and a fine.
"Freedom is a principle of international law of maritime navigation, but should not run counter to freedom of navigation and innocent passage coastal State territorial waters, exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf sovereign rights and jurisdiction. "China's Supreme People's court official said.
Meanwhile, judicial interpretation improves the standard illegal fishing of sea-related convictions, provides more than 10,000 kilograms of aquatic products of illegal fishing or worth more than 100,000 yuan, illegal fishing is an important economic value of aquatic seed, gravid body more than 2000 kilograms or value of more than 20,000 yuan, identified as illegal fishing in the criminal law, "serious". In addition, the judicial interpretation of criminal law in the illegal capture, purchase, transportation and sale of rare and endangered aquatic wild animals, "serious" and "very serious" provides the specific situation.
"To illegally cross the national border crimes, conviction and sentencing of the crime of illegal fishing of aquatic products including standards, China has mainly occurred in land or crime of inland rivers and lakes. "China's Supreme People's court official said," to illegally cross the land (border) the provisions of the Act, to cover acts from the sea in and out of China. Sea and river and Lake fishing are not the same, so you need to increase the marine standard illegal fishing. ”
Administration according to law at sea encouraged fishermen's legitimate business
Reporters learned that judicial interpretation of fishing without a licence serious standard, involved fishing "three noes" ships will take enforcement measures and other issues are set out in detail, provide judicial guarantees for China's marine fishery law enforcement on the one hand, on the other hand ensure China's marine administrative law enforcement is always in accordance with regulatory compliance.
According to reports, at present mainly in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of China fisheries-related violations committed unlicensed fishing, illegal hunting of rare aquatic animals, and so on. Illegal fishing in the mostly non-vessel name, without a port, a ship's certificates of "three noes" ship. Some fishing boats illegally entered the neighbouring sea areas under the jurisdiction exploitation of rare and endangered marine life such as coral, bad implications for the overall situation of China's international image and diplomatic.
China's Supreme People's court official said in view of this situation, the introduction of judicial interpretations of Fisheries Act for fishing without a license, "serious" regulates the standards of judicial review. Not yet launched operation involved fishing "three noes" ships, to support fisheries enforcement against Hong Kong, coercive measures such as designated places to park. Unknown to all fishing-related "three noes" ships, under the support of law enforcement agencies in the absence of evidence to the contrary, will be the actual owner or head directly recognized as the violator.
Meanwhile, judicial interpretation will also deliberate occlusion, altered the ship name and port of eight cases included fishing without a license under the Fisheries Act "serious" scope to its focus as a court review to address problems in the judicial practice.
"Special provisions of judicial interpretation, engaged in marine fishing without a license, due to collision, marine pollution and other disputes over civil tort, claims for loss of earnings, people's courts not to support, to guide the practitioners to operate legally. "China's Supreme People's court official said," but the direct property loss of fishing without a license, such as the replacement of damaged fishing gear, repair costs, requests for compensation of victims, not subject to the provisions of this section. ”
Responsible editor: Xiang Changming SN123
Article keywords:Illegal fishing
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中国最高人民法院：非法进入领海可判刑 捕捞定罪标准提高|非法捕捞_新闻资讯
新华社北京8月2日电（记者罗沙）非法进入中国领海是否要受刑法制裁？非法捕捞水产品如何定罪？无证捕捞屡禁不止怎么办？……《中国最高人民法院关于审理发生在中国管辖海域相关案件若干问题的规定》公布后，中国最高人民法院相关负责人就公众关心的问题接受了记者采访。
管辖海域不止于领海 犯罪行为将受刑法制裁
“《联合国海洋法公约》在领海之外，还赋予沿海国在毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架等海域享有一定的主权权利与管辖权。”中国最高人民法院相关负责人表示，中国国内立法同样也有相应规定，司法解释据此进一步明确了中国海上司法管辖权，对于依法处理海上违法犯罪的具体执法，维护海洋生物资源与生态环境，具有重要意义。
司法解释规定，中国管辖海域是指中华人民共和国内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架，以及中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域。中国公民或者外国人在中国管辖海域实施非法猎捕、杀害珍贵濒危野生动物或者非法捕捞水产品等犯罪的，依照中国刑法追究刑事责任。
“近年来在中国管辖海域，非法猎捕、杀害珍贵濒危野生动物、非法捕捞水产品等行为时有发生，还有外国船只、外国人进入中国专属经济区等海域实施犯罪活动。”该负责人说，适用刑法打击中国管辖海域违法犯罪活动，有利于维护我领土主权和海洋权益。
值得注意的是，这部司法解释内容涵盖了刑事、民事及行政诉讼三个领域，这在中国最高人民法院近年来出台的司法解释中极为罕见。中国最高人民法院相关负责人解释说，涉海案件法律适用问题涉及领域广泛，把涉海刑事、行政、民事规定在一个司法解释中，有助于各级法院综合理解与适用。
他表示，各地海事法院近年来审理了多起发生在中国管辖海域的海事案件，人民法院对钓鱼岛、黄岩岛、西沙群岛、南沙群岛及其附近海域的司法管辖从未间断。
“司法权是国家主权的重要组成部分。”该负责人表示，人民法院将进一步加强海事司法制度体系构建，重新梳理和审视现行涉海刑事、行政、民事司法解释和其他规范性文件，合理构建一套统分结合、全面协调的涉海司法规范体系，坚持公正司法，确保海洋法律严格实施。
非法进入领海可判刑 非法捕捞定罪标准提高
据了解，司法解释支持行政机关对非法进入中国管辖海域的外国船只与人员，依据出境入境管理法、治安管理处罚法采取相应的强制措施与行政处罚。对经驱赶拒不离开、被驱离后又非法进入，在中国管辖水域实施非法捕捞等行为，构成犯罪的，可以依据中国刑法有关偷越国（边）境罪、非法捕捞水产品罪的规定，追究其刑事责任。
司法解释规定，非法进入中国领海，具有下列情形之一的，应当认定为刑法第三百二十二条规定的“情节严重”：经驱赶拒不离开的；被驱离后又非法进入中国领海的；因非法进入中国领海被行政处罚或者被刑事处罚后，一年内又非法进入中国领海的；非法进入中国领海从事捕捞水产品等活动，尚不构成非法捕捞水产品等犯罪的；其他情节严重的情形。
中国刑法第三百二十二条规定，违反国（边）境管理法规，偷越国（边）境，情节严重的，处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。
“海上航行自由是一项国际法原则，但航行自由与无害通过不应违反沿海国对领海、专属经济区及大陆架享有的主权权利及管辖权。”中国最高人民法院相关负责人说。
同时，司法解释提高了涉海非法捕捞的定罪标准，规定非法捕捞水产品一万公斤以上或者价值十万元以上，非法捕捞有重要经济价值的水生动物苗种、怀卵亲体二千公斤以上或者价值二万元以上等情形的，认定为刑法中的非法捕捞“情节严重”。此外，司法解释还对刑法中非法采捕、收购、运输、出售珍贵、濒危水生野生动物“情节严重”和“情节特别严重”的具体情形进行了规定。
“对于偷越国边境罪、非法捕捞水产品罪等罪名的定罪量刑标准，中国此前作出的规定主要针对发生在陆地或内陆河流、湖泊的犯罪行为。”中国最高人民法院相关负责人说，“针对偷越陆地国（边）境行为作出的规定，难以适用于从海上出入中国的行为。海上与河流湖泊捕捞也不一样，所以需要适当提高涉海非法捕捞的定罪标准。”
保障海上依法行政 鼓励渔民合法经营
记者了解到，司法解释对无证捕捞情节严重的认定标准、对涉渔“三无”船舶可否采取强制措施等问题均作出了详细规定，一方面为中国海上渔业执法提供司法保障，另一方面也保证中国海洋行政执法工作始终依法合规。
据介绍，目前中国管辖海域涉渔违法行为主要表现在无证捕捞、非法猎捕珍稀水生动物等。违法作业渔船中大部分属于无船名、无船籍港、无船舶证书的“三无”船舶。一些渔船还非法进入邻国管辖海域盗采红珊瑚等珍稀濒危海洋生物，给中国国际形象和外交大局造成恶劣影响。
中国最高人民法院相关负责人表示，针对这种情况，此次出台的司法解释对渔业法规定的无证捕捞“情节严重”司法审查标准作出了规定。对尚未下水作业的涉渔“三无”船舶，支持渔业执法部门采取禁止离港、指定地点停放等强制措施。对所有人不明的涉渔“三无”船舶，支持执法机关在无相反证据的情况下，将现场实际负责人或直接负责人认定为违法行为人。
同时，司法解释还将故意遮挡、涂改船名、船籍港等八种情形纳入渔业法规定的无证捕捞“情节严重”范围，将其作为人民法院审查的重点，以解决司法实践中遇到的问题。
“司法解释专门规定，无证从事海上捕捞作业，因船舶碰撞、海洋污染等民事侵权纠纷，主张收入损失的，人民法院不予支持，以此引导从业者合法经营。”中国最高人民法院相关负责人说，“不过，对无证捕捞者的直接财产损失，如受损渔船渔具的重置、修复费用等，受害人请求予以赔偿的，不受本条规定的影响。”
责任编辑：向昌明 SN123
文章关键词： 非法捕捞
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